Ocrelizumab versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Supported by F. Hoffmann–La Roche

Multi-Criterion Optimization of Chemical Reactor Stage in Polymer Production

The paper considers a statement of optimization problem, its solution and analysis of the results in respect of a reactors’ stage which are in continuous intersterification. Industrial necessity gives rise to the solution of this problem with the purpose to decrease significantly power expenditure while producing polyethyleneterepntalate polymer on the basis of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The initial variational optimum problem firstly reduces to a nonlinear programming problem and then it is reduced to a sequence of linear programming problems which are solved in narrow temperature area. The analysis of the obtained results testifies to possible decrease of thermal power expenditure while applying optimum temperature profiles in a stage

Implementation of Optimal Temperature Profiles in Periodic Interesterification Reactor

The chemical interesterification reactor is the first one in two-reactor group to obtain polymer by a periodic way. It requires large consumption of thermal energy due to the fact that some heat alongwith volotile components formed as a result of chemical reactions are carried over. Steam supplied to a jacket is heating the reactor. In order to decrease thermal consumption for execution of the process optimal temperature programs minimizing mean temperature for heating a liquid reaction mass have been preliminary calculated. The realization of these programs is considered in the paper. A cascade automation control system for sustaining pre-set temperature variations in every temporary segments has been developed with the purpose to solve the above problem

Реализация оптимальных температурных профилей в периодическом реакторе переэтерификации

The chemical interesterification reactor is the first one in two-reactor group to obtain polymer by a periodic way. It requires large consumption of thermal energy due to the fact that some heat alongwith volotile components formed as a result of chemical reactions are carried over. Steam supplied to a jacket is heating the reactor. In order to decrease thermal consumption for execution of the process optimal temperature programs minimizing mean temperature for heating a liquid reaction mass have been preliminary calculated. The realization of these programs is considered in the paper. A cascade automation control system for sustaining pre-set temperature variations in every temporary segments has been developed with the purpose to solve the above problem.Химический реактор переэтерификации является первым в двухреакторной группе получения полимера периодическим способом. Он требует больших затрат тепловой энергии в связи с уносом теплоты с летучими компонентами, образующимися в результате химических реакций. Реактор обогревается подачей пара в рубашку. Для уменьшения затрат теплоты на проведение процесса предварительно были рассчитаны оптимальные температурные программы, минимизирующие среднюю температуру нагрева жидкой реагирующей массы, реализация которых рассматривается. С этой целью разработана каскадная система автоматического регулирования для поддержания заданных изменений температуры на каждом из временных участков

Многокритериальная оптимизация каскада химических реакторов в производстве полимера

The paper considers a statement of optimization problem, its solution and analysis of the results in respect of a reactors’ stage which are in continuous intersterification. Industrial necessity gives rise to the solution of this problem with the purpose to decrease significantly power expenditure while producing polyethyleneterepntalate polymer on the basis of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The initial variational optimum problem firstly reduces to a nonlinear programming problem and then it is reduced to a sequence of linear programming problems which are solved in narrow temperature area. The analysis of the obtained results testifies to possible decrease of thermal power expenditure while applying optimum temperature profiles in a stage.Рассмотрены постановка задачи оптимизации, ее решение и анализ результатов для каскада реакторов стадии непрерывной переэтерификации. Задача вызвана производственной необходимостью сокращения значительных энергетических затрат при получении полимера полиэтилентерефталата на основе диметилтерефталата и этиленгликоля. Исходная вариационная оптимальная задача сведена к задаче нелинейного программирования, а затем - к последовательности задач линейного программирования, решаемых в узкой температурной области. Анализ полученных результатов свидетельствует о возможности сокращения затрат тепловой энергии при реализации в каскаде оптимальных температурных профиле

New Functional Materials Based on Nano- and Micro-Objects with Developed Surface

The paper describes the materials with a developed surface fabricated on the basis of electrodeposited copper icosahedral small particles and coatings made of such particles. Increasing the specific surface area of the electrolytic metal is achieved by special heat and/or chemical treatments. Changes in the structure and morphology of icosahedral small particles are analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The specific surface area of the material is determined with low-temperature gas adsorption technique. Annealing of icosahedral small particles and coatings leads to the formation of the porous structure and a "forest" of whiskers on their surface. Chemical etching of icosahedral small particles corrodes the inside material and provides the formation of hollow particles. Possible applications for obtained materials with a developed surface are offered