Design and Optimization of a Mycoplasma Detection Assay

Mycoplasma are among the smallest free living microorganisms. These bacteria grow slowly, lack a rigid cell wall and are not eliminated by filter sterilization methods used in tissue culture. Mycoplasma infection affects biochemical and genetic aspects of cultured cells, resulting in experimental inconsistency. Therefore, it is necessary to establish routine testing for mycoplasma contamination in tissue culture laboratories. Our goal is to develop a reliable and cost-effective test for mycoplasma in cell culture based on established methods found in literature. We first cloned and sequenced a PCR product from a commercial mycoplasma detection kit. Sequencing revealed the 16s rRNA as the target for mycoplasma detection; we confirmed this target by conducting a literature search. PCR primers were designed using 16s rRNA gene as a target. We set-up reactions and optimized conditions for the real-time PCR assay to detect the target and confirmed amplicon size with agarose gel electrophoresis. We identified that 56oC was the best temperature for the PCR and found that agarose gel electrophoresis was a better detection method because it identified the size to confirm the proper product. The primers we ordered to develop this assay produce the proper band; however, results of several assays have been inconsistent as sometimes a known positive sample fails to amplify. As well, in several PCR reactions the negative showed a signal. The overall reaction needs improvements to have greater reliability and to eliminate all sources of contamination. Research is continuing results are not final

Three-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau simulation of a vortex line displaced by a zigzag of pinning spheres

A vortex line is shaped by a zigzag of pinning centers and we study here how far the stretched vortex line is able to follow this path. The pinning center is described by an insulating sphere of coherence length size such that in its surface the de Gennes boundary condition applies. We calculate the free energy density of this system in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau theory and study the critical displacement beyond which the vortex line is detached from the pinning center.Comment: Submitted to special issue of Prammna-Journal of Physics devoted to the Vortex State Studie

Comparison of Worts Prepared by Action of Malted Barley on Various Flours and Starches

The object of this thesis to compare the yields of soluble solids, reducing sugars, and proteins in worts prepared by the action of malted barley on various flours and starches. Mashes were prepared and analyses were made on worts prepared from the following: 1. White Wheat Flour 2. Whole Wheat Flour 3. Potato Flour 4. Potato Starch 5. Sweet Potato Flour 6. Oat Flour 7. Tapioca Flour 8. Corn Germ 9. Corn Germ Meal The results obtained are presented in tabular form as well as graphically for ease in making comparisons. In addition, besides presenting the results calculated on an as is basis, they are also presented on the basis of the dry flour or starch used. In this way, the effect of the water contained in the flour or starch can be easily ascertained

Fully dissipative relativistic lattice Boltzmann method in two dimensions

In this paper, we develop and characterize the fully dissipative Lattice Boltzmann method for ultra-relativistic fluids in two dimensions using three equilibrium distribution functions: Maxwell-J\"uttner, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein. Our results stem from the expansion of these distribution functions up to fifth order in relativistic polynomials. We also obtain new Gaussian quadratures for square lattices that preserve the spatial resolution. Our models are validated with the Riemann problem and the limitations of lower order expansions to calculate higher order moments are shown. The kinematic viscosity and the thermal conductivity are numerically obtained using the Taylor-Green vortex and the Fourier flow respectively and these transport coefficients are compared with the theoretical prediction from Grad's theory. In order to compare different expansion orders, we analyze the temperature and heat flux fields on the time evolution of a hot spot

Renormalization issues for a whole abelian model

Considering that nature acts as a group, a whole abelian model is being developed. Classically, new aspects were observed as fields collective behavior and fields interacting among themselves and with mass through a global Lorentz force. This work analyzes some quantic aspects. Perturbation theory means that we know about 1-PI graphs. In a previous work, we have studied the quantum action principle, power-counting, primitively divergent graphs, Ward-Takahashi identities. This work concerns the study of counterterms and physical perturbation theory. It introduces a whole renormalization programme which informations are obtained from the common gauge parameter which establishes the fields set. It derives relationships between renormalization constants and on perturbative persistence on one asslessness field in the {A_I} set. It also argues on finitude possibilities through a whole expansion for the graphs

Four Bosons Electromagnetism

Based on light invariance and electric conservation a four bosons electromagnetism is proposed. It enlarges theelectric charge conservation beyond displacement current and Dirac charge to a new physical situation where the electromagnetic phenomena is mediated by the usual photon plus a massive photon and two additional charged vector bosons. Considering the enlarged abelian gauge symmetry U (1)? SO (2) transforming under a same gauge parameter a non-linear electro magnetism involving four bosons is introduced. It deploys a Lagrangian containing massless, massive and charged fields with three and four vector bosons interactions. The corresponding Noether’s relations and classical equations of motion are studied. They provide a whole dynamics involving granular, collective terms through antisymmetric and symmetric sectors. It develops a new photon equation which extends the Maxwell’s one. Self interacting photons are obtained. A four boson electromagnetic flux is derived. It expresses an electromagnetism transfering ?Q = 0 and | ?Q |= 1, not more limited to just a massless photon. There is a new electromagnetic flowing to be understood, where aside of electric charge conservation, it appears a neutral electromagnetism. There are six neutral electromagnetic charges beyond electric charge as consequences from non-linearity. Two are derived from the second Noether identity and four from variational continuity equations. An electromagnetic flux being conducted by a whole physics is generated. Based on fields set, it develops a determinism under the meaning of directive and circumstance. Interpreting that, light invariance concises the photon as directive, the photon becomes a whole maker. It assumes the symmetry command which will control the conservations laws and opportunities. Consequently, one combines the symmetry equation derived from Noether theorem with the four equations derived from variational principle, and an effective photon equation is obtained. A kind of Navier-Stokes electromagnetic flow is derived. It yields a four bosons electromagnetism preserving electric charge conservation plus introducting the meaning of chance through symmetry management

Feynman rules for Four Bosons Electromagnetism

A whole electromagnetism carrying four electric charge messengers is studied. Based on light invariance and conservation of electric charge, it provides a fields set {A,U, V± }. Something beyond Maxwell appears. The usual photon is accomplished by others electric charge porters, which are a massive photon plus two charged photons. They carry electromagnetic processes with charge exchange ΔQ = 0 and |ΔQ| = 1. There is still room for an electromagnetism on electric charge transmission to be understood. Through such so-called four bosons electromagnetism a new way to conduct the electric charge is proposed. It says that the electromagnetic phenomena is something more than Maxwells charge distribution. It establishes the presence of four fields association responsible for the electric charge transmission. It develops a quanta set which means electromagnetism based on eight messengers with spin-1 and spin-0 to be analysed. Thus given such fields collection AI ≡ {A,U, V± } one studies the corresponding propagations and interactions. Derive the corresponding Feynman rules for this electric charge transmission. The model shows itself renormalizable and unitary. New features are obtained as selfinteracting photons. The photon is no more necessarily coupled tothe electric charge. A diversity of coupling constants is obtained. The electromagnetism universality is on the ubiquous photon and not on the electric charge as coupling constant

Electric Charge transmission through Four Bosons

A non-Maxwellian model based on four bosons is considered. Based on an enlarged U(1)ï‚´SO(2) abeliansymmetry and preserving the postulates of light invariance and electric charge conservation its aim is to transfer electric charge ï„Q = 0 and | ï„Q|= 1 . For this, it enlarges Maxwell by associating a fields set { , , } ï‚±ï­ ï­ ï­ A U V . An electromagnetic system with four intermediary bosons is proposed. It introduces a new electric charge physics, a new electromagnetic transmission and a new photon physics. Thus, this work says that, while Maxwell electromagnetism focus on charge distribution and forces, there is still room for an electromagnetism based on charge transmission and gauge bosons. A new interpretation on the meaning of electric charge flux through gauge bosons is taken. Instead of just mediating different nature forces, the gauge bosons physics should be first understood as a mechanism for transferring energy-momentum and quantum numbers as electric charge. At this way, for electric charge transportation four connected gauge bosons are necessary. They are the photon, massive photon and two charged fields. For this, a whole quantum field theory supported on the set principle is generated. It is based on the fields family meaning associated to a same Lorentz representation (i, j) and tied up by a common gauge symmetry. Our physical case are four bosons from ) 21, 21 (representation sharing an abelian symmetry. This four set provides the physicity necessary for transmitting any electric charge value. A new perception for the electromagnetic phenomena is envisaged. It is generalized for a four fields abelian Lagrangian made of with antisymmetric and symmetric fields strengths, producing three and four abelian vertices, and generating whole relativistic equations with seven new features. It holds a dynamics carrying spin-1 and spin-0, based on granular and collective fields strengths, set determinism with directive and chance, quanta network, nonlinearity, neutral charges, photonics. A new scale for electromagnetic interaction is proposed. New intensities and range are derived through coupled nonlinear equations, massive particles and the presence of coupling constants beyond the electric charge. A light universality is obtained. Light becomes an absolute (light invariance), ubiquous (couplings constants diverse from electric charge), directive (fields set vector), contingencies producer (relativism and chance), inner light (selfinteracting photons)

Optimal control technique for Many Body Quantum Systems dynamics

We present an efficient strategy for controlling a vast range of non-integrable quantum many body one-dimensional systems that can be merged with state-of-the-art tensor network simulation methods like the density Matrix Renormalization Group. To demonstrate its potential, we employ it to solve a major issue in current optical-lattice physics with ultra-cold atoms: we show how to reduce by about two orders of magnitudes the time needed to bring a superfluid gas into a Mott insulator state, while suppressing defects by more than one order of magnitude as compared to current experiments [1]. Finally, we show that the optimal pulse is robust against atom number fluctuations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, published versio

Electron and ion stagnation at the collision front between two laser produced plasmas

We report results from a combined optical interferometric and spectrally resolved imaging study on colliding laser produced aluminium plasmas. A Nomarski interferometer was used to probe the spatio-temporal distribution of electron densities at the collision front. Analysis of the resulting interferograms reveals the formation and evolution of a localized electron density feature with a well-defined profile reminiscent of a stagnation layer. Electron stagnation begins at a time delay of 10 ns after the peak of the plasma generating laser pulse. The peak electron density was found to exceed 10^19 cm^−3 and the layer remained well defined up to a time delay of ca 100 ns. Temporally and spectrally resolved optical imaging was also undertaken, to compare the Al^+ ion distribution with that of the 2D electron density profile. This revealed nascent stagnation of singly charged ions at a delay time of 20 ns. We attribute these results to the effects of space charge separation in the seed plasma plumes