The Impact of Motivational Systems on Dynamic Inconsistency in Risk Taking

Every day we are confronted with risky decisions in which the rewards and the punishments are not always clear. We like to believe that logic is the primary force behind our decisions, but in reality, emotion plays a very important role. This study examines the impact of participants\u27 Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) on dynamic inconsistencies in a sequential gambling task. Contrary to the hypotheses, neither system predicted deviations following a win or and a loss. However, participants high in BAS were more likely to make negative deviation

The Impact of Motivational Systems on Dynamic Inconsistency in Risk Taking

Every day we are confronted with risky decisions in which the rewards and the punishments are not always clear. We like to believe that logic is the primary force behind our decisions, but in reality, emotion plays a very important role. This study examines the impact of participants\u27 Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) on dynamic inconsistencies in a sequential gambling task. Contrary to the hypotheses, neither system predicted deviations following a win or and a loss. However, participants high in BAS were more likely to make negative deviation

The Impact of Motivational Systems on Dynamic Inconsistency in Risk Taking

Every day we are confronted with risky decisions in which the rewards and the punishments are not always clear. We like to believe that logic is the primary force behind our decisions, but in reality, emotion plays a very important role. This study examines the impact of participants\u27 Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) on dynamic inconsistencies in a sequential gambling task. Contrary to the hypotheses, neither system predicted deviations following a win or and a loss. However, participants high in BAS were more likely to make negative deviation

Two-region model for positive and negative plasma sheaths and its application to Hall thruster metallic anodes.

An asymptotic presheath/sheath model for positive and negative sheaths in front of a conducting electrode, with a continuous parametric transition at the no-sheath case, is presented. Key aspects of the model are as follows: full hydrodynamics of both species in the presheath; a kinetic formulation with a truncated distribution function for the repelled species within the sheath; and the fulfillment of the marginal Bohm condition at the sheath edge, in order to match the two formulations of the repelled species. The sheath regime depends on the ratios of particle fluxes and sound speeds between the two species. The presheath model includes the effect of a magnetic field parallel to the wall on electrons. An asymptotic, parametric study of the anode presheath is carried out in terms of the local ion-to-electron flux ratio and Hall parameter. The drift-diffusive model of magnetized electrons fails in a parametric region that includes parts of the negative sheath regime. In the case of the Hall parameter vanishing near the electrode and a weakly collisional plasma, a quasisonic, quasineutral plateau forms next to the sheath edge

Climatic Changes of the Past and Present

181-210http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/48308/2/ID148.pd

Convective transport of very short lived bromocarbons to the stratosphere

We use the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Chemistry Climate Model (GEOSCCM) to quantify the contribution of the two most important brominated very short lived substances (VSLSs), bromoform (CHBr₃) and dibromomethane (CH₂Br₂), to stratospheric bromine and its sensitivity to convection strength. Model simulations suggest that the most active transport of VSLSs from the marine boundary layer through the tropopause occurs over the tropical Indian Ocean, the tropical western Pacific, and off the Pacific coast of Mexico. Together, convective lofting of CHBr₃ and CH₂Br₂ and their degradation products supplies ~8 ppt total bromine to the base of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL, ~150 hPa), similar to the amount of VSLS organic bromine available in the marine boundary layer (~7.8–8.4 ppt) in the active convective lofting regions mentioned above. Of the total ~8 ppt VSLS bromine that enters the base of the TTL at ~150 hPa, half is in the form of organic source gases and half in the form of inorganic product gases. Only a small portion (<10%) of the VSLS-originated bromine is removed via wet scavenging in the TTL before reaching the lower stratosphere. On average, globally, CHBr₃ and CH₂Br₂ together contribute ~7.7 pptv to the present-day inorganic bromine in the stratosphere. However, varying model deep-convection strength between maximum (strongest) and minimum (weakest) convection conditions can introduce a ~2.6 pptv uncertainty in the contribution of VSLSs to inorganic bromine in the stratosphere (Br_y^VSLS). Contrary to conventional wisdom, the minimum convection condition leads to a larger Br_y^VSLS as the reduced scavenging in soluble product gases, and thus a significant increase in product gas injection (2–3 ppt), greatly exceeds the relatively minor decrease in source gas injection (a few 10ths ppt)