Місце судової товарознавчої експертизи у запобіганні правопорушенням на роздрібному ринку електричної енергії

 The article emphasizes that the threatening dynamics of the annual increase in the facts of damage and theft of energy equipment, theft of electrical energy, spontaneous connection to electrical grids can lead to imbalance anddestruction of the electrical industry not only in a separate region, but also in the country as a whole. Attention is drawn to the fact that regulatory legal acts are aimed at curbing this dangerous dynamic, that carry out state regulation in the energy sector which, unfortunately, do not ensure stable security in this area.  It is stated that specialists from different suppliers of electric energy prepare all the necessary materials to open criminal proceedings under Article 1881 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, submit petitions to the investigating authorities about the need to carry out certain investigative actions, however, violators are not prosecuted. It was found that the main obstacle in bringing the perpetrators of these violations to criminal responsibility is the lack of methodological materials and skills in the police units in the investigation of criminal proceedings on the facts of theft of electrical energy and the practice of their consideration by courts. It has been proved that the lack of methodological materials with a complete list of initial data that are necessary to determine the market price of products of the energy complex leads to discrepancies in conclusions of experts. New methods for determining the market price of energy products during forensic commodity examinations will help to resolve the issue of assessing the products of the energy complex in expert practice. It is proposed to determine the subject, tasks, object of research of this forensic examination; outline possible approaches and methods for assessing their value; establish the assortment of goods that has formed in this market in the world and in Ukraine; clearly identify the boundaries of competence of commodity experts. It is emphasized that the determination of the market price for electricity and the cost of services for its provision goes beyond the competence of commodity experts, since the mechanism for setting prices (tariffs) for this type of product is controlled by the state and approved by the Regulator – National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission. Зауважено, що притягненню до кримінальної відповідальності винних у пошкодженні й викраденні енергообладнання, розкраданні електроенергії заважає відсутність у підрозділів поліції методичних матеріалів і навичок розслідування таких правопорушень і практики їх розгляду судами. Акцентовано, що визначення ринкової вартості електроенергії та послуг з її надання перебуває за межами компетенції експертів-товарознавців, оскільки механізм формування цін (тарифів) на цей вид продукції затверджує Національна комісія, що здійснює державне регулювання у сферах енергетики та комунальних послуг, а контролює держава. Мета статті — окреслити місце судової товарознавчої експертизи у запобіганні правопорушенням на роздрібному ринку електроенергії

Soil and soil breathing remote monitoring: A short review

The efficiency of agricultural use of soils depends directly on their quality indicators, which include an extended set of characteristics: from data of the environmental situation to the component composition of the soil air. Therefore, for a more complete survey of agricultural land in order to determine their qualitative indicators and subsequent application, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive monitoring while simultaneously studying the characteristics of soils and their air composition. The article is devoted to the literature analysis on the remote monitoring of soils and soil air. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between soil type and soil air composition and it was found that the soil air composition (in the combination with pH and humidity parameters) can assess the type, quality and environmental condition of soils. Since when developing a remote monitoring system of soil air soil moisture and soil structure significantly affect the processes occurring in soils, and ultimately the quantitative composition of soil air, it is very important to know the dependence of the soil air composition on the type and quality of the soil itself, the influence of moisture, structure and other parameters on it. It was shown that the use of sensors is a promising direction for the development of the soils and soil air remote monitoring. It was indicated that soil and soil air remote monitoring in real time will provide reliable, timely information on the environmental status of soils and their quality. Commercial sensors that can be used to determine CO2, O2, NOx, CH4, CO, H2 and NH3 were considered and the technique for sensor signal processing was chosen. A remote monitoring system with the use of existing commercial sensors was proposed, the movement of which can be realized with the help of quadcopter, which will allow parallel scanning of the soils and the land terrain. Such a system will make it possible to correctly assess the readiness of soils for planting, determine their intended use, correctly apply fertilizers, and even predict the yield of certain crops. Thereby, this approach will create a modern on-line system for full monitoring of soil, land and rapid response in the case of its change for the agro-industrial sector

Factors of Regional Processes Destabilization in the Southern Russia

Introduction. The article examines traditional and recent factors that affect the situation in the geopolitically significant southern Russian region. The reasons for the actualization of socio-political and ethno-confessional conflicts are considered as factors of possible regional destabilization. Methods and materials. Conflictological diagnostics of the regional tension dynamics, as well as the nature and features of situational and long-term risks to regional security and socio-political stability in the South of Russia are based on factor analysis of Rostov region, Krasnodar Krai, and the Republic of Adygea materials. Analysis. By analyzing the statistics, the authors has revealed the presence of such negative processes in these regions as a decrease in the standard of living, a sharp increase in the unemployment rate, an increase in corruption and crime rates, population decrease, which is provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic – the newest factor of regional tension. Results. It is concluded that socio-economic problems against the background of a pandemic crisis may adversely affect the nature of interethnic and interfaith relations. Competition in the labor market, deterioration of the criminal situation, and uncontrolled migration can be considered as factors of conflict. According to the results of the study, it was found that the destabilization factors of the Rostov region regional situation have an endogenous character: demographic (population decrease), economic (deterioration in the socio-economic situation of the population), growth of protest activity and destructive content in the media. For Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea, exogenous factors of regional tension remain relevant: there is a high level of external migration for the region. Authors’ contribution.The contribution of M.V. Tarasova in writing the article is to form the research logic, develop methodology and tools, and analyze statistical information in Rostov region. The analysis of the regional situation in Krasnodar Krai and Rostov region was carried out by I.V. Yurchenko, and M.V. Dontsova

Function of the ribosomal E-site: a mutagenesis study

Ribosomes synthesize proteins according to the information encoded in mRNA. During this process, both the incoming amino acid and the nascent peptide are bound to tRNA molecules. Three binding sites for tRNA in the ribosome are known: the A-site for aminoacyl-tRNA, the P-site for peptidyl-tRNA and the E-site for the deacylated tRNA leaving the ribosome. Here, we present a study of Escherichia coli ribosomes with the E-site binding destabilized by mutation C2394G of the 23S rRNA. Expression of the mutant 23S rRNA in vivo caused increased frameshifting and stop codon readthrough. The progression of these ribosomes through the ribosomal elongation cycle in vitro reveals ejection of deacylated tRNA during the translocation step or shortly after. E-site compromised ribosomes can undergo translocation, although in some cases it is less efficient and results in a frameshift. The mutation affects formation of the P/E hybrid site and leads to a loss of stimulation of the multiple turnover GTPase activity of EF-G by deacylated tRNA bound to the ribosome

Механизм фотокатализа на поверхности TiO₂

Розглянуто й узагальнено механізм гетерогенного фотокаталізу (утворення електрон-діркової пари) на поверхні ТіО₂, що ініціюється ультрафіолетовим випромінюванням, а також стадії фотокаталітичного процесу. Визначено, що для збільшення ефективності фотокаталітичного процесу у видимому діапазоні світла необхідно зменшувати ширину забороненої зони каталізатора на основі титану (IV) оксиду. На підставі літературних джерел виявлено, що на фотокаталітичну активність впливають насамперед структурно-сорбційні характеристики, такі як розмір кристалітів, пористість (питома площа поверхні), ступінь кристалічності тощо. Проаналізовано шляхи модифікації каталізаторів на основі титану (IV) оксиду, які зменшать ширину забороненої зони, а отже, збільшать фотокаталітичну активність цього каталізатора у видимому діапазоні світла. Вибрано для подальших досліджень найбільш, на наш погляд, ефективні способи модифікації титану (IV) оксиду – нанесення металів на поверхню TiO₂ і створення на основі останнього нанокомпозитів (гетероструктур).We discuss the mechanism of heterogeneous photocatalysis (formation of electron-hole pairs) on the TiO₂ surface (initiated by ultraviolet radiation)as well as the stage of the photocatalytic process. As a result, we determine that to increase the efficiency of the photocatalytic process in the visible light range it is necessary to reduce the band gap of catalyst based titanium oxide (IV). Based on literature data, we find that the structurally-sorption characteristics such as crystal size, the porosity (specific surface area), the degree of crystallinity mainly affect the photocatalytic activity. We analyze ways of modifying catalysts of titanium oxide (IV), which will reduce the band gap and increase the catalyst photocatalytic activity in the visible light range. We select effective methods of modifying titanium (IV) oxide (metal coating on the surface of TiO₂ and creation of nanocomposites (heterostructures) based on TiO₂) for further studies.Рассмотрен и обобщен механизм гетерогенного фотокатализа (образование электрон-дырочной пары) на поверхности TiO₂, который инициируется ультрафиолетовым излучением, а также стадии фотокаталитического процесса. Было определено, что для увеличения эффективности фотокаталитического процесса в видимом диапазоне света необходимо уменьшать ширину запрещенной зоны катализатора на основе оксида титана (IV). На основании литературных данных выявлено, что на фотокаталитическую активность влияют в первую очередь структурно-сорбционные характеристики, такие как размер кристаллитов, пористость (удельная площадь поверхности), степень кристалличности и др. Проанализированы пути модификации катализаторов на основе оксида титана (IV), которые приведут к уменьшению ширины запрещенной зоны, а значит, к увеличению фотокаталитической активности данного катализатора в видимом диапазоне света. Выбраны для дальнейших исследований наиболее, на наш взгляд, эффективные способы модификации титана (IV) оксида - нанесение металлов на поверхность TiO₂ и создание на основе последнего нанокомпозитов (гетероструктур)

Non-financial motivation practices: Megafon and Nestle

The article examines factors which influence the effectiveness of employee motivation, as well as presents the main aspects that need to be taken into account to develop the optimal system of financial and non-financial motivation of employees in international companies. At the same time, a comparative analysis of existing employee motivation practices is provided, using the example of two giant companies: Megafon and Nestle

NMR assignments of the N-terminal domain of Ogataea polymorpha telomerase reverse transcriptase

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that adds telomeric DNA fragments to the ends of chromosomes. This enzyme is the focus of substantial attention, both because its structure and mechanism of action are still poorly studied, and because of its pivotal roles in aging and cellular proliferation. The use of telomerase as a potential target for the design of new anticancer drugs is also of great interest. The catalytic protein subunit of telomerase (TERT) contains an N-terminal domain (TEN) that is essential for activity and processivity. Elucidation of the structure and dynamics of TEN in solution is important for understanding the molecular mechanism of telomerase activity and for the design of new telomerase inhibitors. To approach this problem, in this study we report the 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shift assignments of TEN from Ogataea polymorpha. Analysis of the assigned chemical shifts allowed us to identify secondary structures and protein regions potentially involved in interaction with other participants of the telomerase catalytic cycle

NMR assignments of the N-terminal domain of Ogataea polymorpha telomerase reverse transcriptase

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that adds telomeric DNA fragments to the ends of chromosomes. This enzyme is the focus of substantial attention, both because its structure and mechanism of action are still poorly studied, and because of its pivotal roles in aging and cellular proliferation. The use of telomerase as a potential target for the design of new anticancer drugs is also of great interest. The catalytic protein subunit of telomerase (TERT) contains an N-terminal domain (TEN) that is essential for activity and processivity. Elucidation of the structure and dynamics of TEN in solution is important for understanding the molecular mechanism of telomerase activity and for the design of new telomerase inhibitors. To approach this problem, in this study we report the 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shift assignments of TEN from Ogataea polymorpha. Analysis of the assigned chemical shifts allowed us to identify secondary structures and protein regions potentially involved in interaction with other participants of the telomerase catalytic cycle