Sociocrititical Implications in Nutrition:Diet Vs Feeding

Diet and feeding are two terms used as synonyms in society and in the practice of professionals in feeding, nutrition, dietetics and health, however, by contrasting both concepts in their various dissertations in the most explored fields of science, differences are remarkable to understand that, while diet is a habit determined by economics, politics and law, socially learned towards food consumption for biopsychosocial satisfaction, influenced by culture, education and society, as opposed to feeding that it is a process of care, selection, transformation and distribution of food influenced by neoliberal policies, through socio-political and economic interests, which when entering into debate, not only transgresses more than a process of food transformation, but rather satisfaction of a need or the right to health, where the practice and its concept is reinvented alignment according to the context or regionalization with an impact on health. This is how an interaction is built not only between individual-collective-diet/feeding but also formal and informal elements that influence this process are integrated, marketing, media-social and political interests, the health/disease/care process, as well as the social reality, the scientific reality, the processes and preconceptions, condition a game between norms and purposes, where their implications on health of the individual and the collective are influenced in a negative or positive way in the form to get sick and dying

De la enfermología a la salutogénesis: conceptos teóricos en la búsqueda de la salud como derecho universal

La salud es construcción social la cual conlleva momentos históricos y de desarrollo social en sí misma. El tratar de entender a esta como un derecho universal de la humanidad es comprender las diferentes corrientes teóricas que han existido a su alrededor hasta encontrarse con la salutogénesis. La cual nos conlleva a entender a la salud desde los principios de otredad, dignidad y solidaridad, donde el colectivo y el individuo son parte fundamental en la toma de decisiones en salud como práctica social de su comunidad

Variable threshold of trigeminal cold-thermosensitive neurons is determined by a balance between TRPM8 and Kv1 potassium channels

Molecular determinants of threshold differences among cold thermoreceptors are unknown. Here we show that such differences correlate with the relative expression of IKD, a current dependent on Shaker-like Kv1 channels that acts as an excitability brake, and ITRPM8, a cold-activated excitatory current. Neurons responding to small temperature changes have high functional expression of TRPM8 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8) and low expression of IKD. In contrast, neurons activated by lower temperatures have a lower expression of TRPM8 and a prominent IKD. Otherwise, both subpopulations have nearly identical membrane and firing properties, suggesting that they belong to the same neuronal pool. Blockade of IKD shins the threshold of cold-sensitive neurons to higher temperatures and augments cold-evoked nocifensive responses in mice. Similar behavioral effects of IKD blockade were observed in TRPA1-/- mice. Moreover, only a small percentage of trigeminal cold-sensitive neurons were activated by TRPA1 agonists, suggesting that TRPA1 does not play a major role in the detection of low temperatures by uninjured somatic cold-specific thermosensory neurons under physiological conditions. Collectively, these findings suggest that innocuous cooling sensations and cold discomfort are signaled by specific low- and high-threshold cold thermoreceptor neurons, differing primarily in their relative expression of two ion channels having antagonistic effects on neuronal excitability. Thus, although TRPM8 appears to function as a critical cold sensor in the majority of peripheral sensory neurons, the expression of Kv1 channels in the same terminals seem to play an important role in the peripheral gating of cold-evoked discomfort and pain. Copyright © 2009 Society for Neuroscience.This work was supported by funds from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science: Projects BFU2007-61855 to F.V., and BFU2005-08741 and CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00023 to C.B., and the Spanish Fundación Marcelino BotínPeer Reviewe

Aptitud clínica en médicos familiares apegada a guías de práctica clínica

Actualmente se enfatiza en la necesidad de desarrollar la aptitud clínica en los profesionales de la salud; ésta se define como la capacidad para afrontar y resolver problemas clínicos, lo que implica habilidades como la reflexión, donde se pone en juego el propio criterio. Si bien es difícil escudriñar todos los componentes del quehacer clínico, el desafío es buscar indicios que aporten una visión penetrante y esclarecedora de los acontecimientos de la praxis médica, por lo que la manera de aproximarse es a través de evaluar la aptitud clínica mediante instrumentos sistematizados.Introducción: Las guías de práctica clínica son la abrogación del conocimiento medico respecto a un padecimiento, por lo cual el evaluar la aptitud clínica apegada a éstas guías es vislumbrar la realidad del ejercicio médico de la medicina familiar. Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento que evalúe la aptitud clínica apegada a las guías de práctica clínica en médicos familiares del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Materiales y Métodos: En el Estado de México Oriente se realizó el estudio que fue transversal. La validez teórica y de contenido del instrumento se obtuvo a través de un marco de referencia que dio salida a la elaboración de reactivos basados en casos clínicos reales apegados a primer nivel de atención en cada indicador de la aptitud clínica. Fueron validados por 5 expertos en ronda de 3; se realizó un pilotaje en 8 médicos familiares, obteniendo un índice de confiabilidad de 0.91 con la fórmula de Kuder-Richardson. Resultados: Se incluyeron 24 médicos familiares, el nivel de aptitud clínica obtenido fue bajo y muy bajo en un 91.6%, al realizar la comparación entre los años de egreso de especialidad y turno laboral (matutino y vespertino) no se encontró significancia estadística; al comparar practica medica privada y aptitud clínica se encontró significancia estadística a favor de estos (U de Mann-Whitney p=0.05). Conclusión: La aptitud clínica es un camino hacia la integración del conocimiento para la resolución de un problema clínico. Aquí se demuestra que las guías de práctica clínica no se relación directamente con el desarrollo de una aptitud clínica latente, esto puede ser por una difusión inadecuada de las guías y otra su poca aplicabilidad en el sistema de salud

TELEVISION AND CONSUMER THEORY: THE CASE OF MEXICAN SCHOOLCHILDREN

Introduction: The Pan American Health Organization in 2014 published strategic for the primary health care and healthy eating, for the prevention of malnutrition, including the restriction of advertising in foods with high-calorie schedule and kids channels. Television became the best choice for the promotion of these foods by the easy access that has in this group. Objective: To evaluate the degree of Association of the consumption of caloric food, broadcast television, and malnutrition through the theory of the consumption in school children of the school primary Miguel Hidalgo of the municipality of Temamatla, Mexico State. Method: Study transversal, descriptive, quantitative; shows statistics stratified by clusters of 140 schoolchildren. Instrument: "TV and consumption", Cronbach's Alpha of 0.789; data processed by the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 statistical package. Results: The direct relationship between consumption of caloric foods and the use of broadcast through the Association of P Pearson, with a contention between: 0.35, and greater than 0.05, playing: Association with positive linearity. Conclusions: Broadcast television keeps, a positive association with regard to consumption, preference and choice of food energy, promoted through advertising campaigns, based on the use of games, dreams, fantasies and characters from fashionable to establish long-term relationships between the school and the brand, which is part of an ephemeral happiness, conditioning perpetual stages of malnutrition.Introduction: The Pan American Health Organization in 2014 published strategic for the primary health care and healthy eating, for the prevention of malnutrition, including the restriction of advertising in foods with high-calorie schedule and kids channels. Television became the best choice for the promotion of these foods by the easy access that has in this group. Objective: To evaluate the degree of Association of the consumption of caloric food, broadcast television, and malnutrition through the theory of the consumption in school children of the school primary Miguel Hidalgo of the municipality of Temamatla, Mexico State. Method: Study transversal, descriptive, quantitative; shows statistics stratified by clusters of 140 schoolchildren. Instrument: "TV and consumption", Cronbach's Alpha of 0.789; data processed by the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 statistical package. Results: The direct relationship between consumption of caloric foods and the use of broadcast through the Association of P Pearson, with a contention between: 0.35, and greater than 0.05, playing: Association with positive linearity. Conclusions: Broadcast television keeps, a positive association with regard to consumption, preference and choice of food energy, promoted through advertising campaigns, based on the use of games, dreams, fantasies and characters from fashionable to establish long-term relationships between the school and the brand, which is part of an ephemeral happiness, conditioning perpetual stages of malnutrition

Analysis of the experimental spectral coherence in the Nysted Wind Farm

In this paper, it is analysed the coherence between wind speeds located in a horizontal plane corresponding to hub height of wind turbines in a large wind farm. The coherence is calculated through real data from Nysted Offshore Wind Farm. Concretely, the wind speed measured in the 72 Wind Turbines and in 2 of the meteorological masts during 9 months. The results are analysed in the scale of power fluctuations in large offshore wind farms. This analysis shows the needing of a new spectral coherence model.The work presented in this paper has been done in the research Project ”Power Fluctuations from large offshore wind farms” financed by the Danish Transmission System Operator Energinet.dk as PSO 2004 project number 6506. A. Vigueras-Rodr´ıguez is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educaci´on y Ciencia through the grant program “Becas FPU” and from the national research project “ENE2006-15422-C02-02

Subculturas en adolescentes de Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl: prácticas de riesgo para la salud

Los adolescentes en la búsqueda de identidad, aceptación y construcción de su imaginario, transitan a través de un mundo lleno de construcciones sociales hechas por otros coetáneos, que moldearan su inclusión social dentro de estos grupos o subgrupos, en ese sentido las aglomeraciones adolescentes tiene una identidad, llena de códigos, símbolos, conductas y reglas, que en muchos de los casos son estigmatizadas sin haberse estudiado, por lo cual el conocer los tipos más comunes de grupos o subgrupos y su relación con las conductas de riesgo para la salud, es adentrarnos al fenómeno social que vive, el adolescente de Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl.Introducción: La adolescencia es un fenómeno psicológico que se ve determinado por la pubertad, pero no se reduce a ella, aquí radican aspectos socioculturales que en la búsqueda de una identidad se ven inmersos en fenómenos de: prácticas, códigos, símbolos, valores, que instauran en ocasiones conductas de riesgo. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio transversal analítico, de 1,139 adolescentes entrevistados en Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, a través de instrumento de medición que aportó información sobre las variables de determinación social para la salud asociando a la subcultura. Las variables de determinación social fueron: la subcultura, rango de edad en las subculturas, género, estado civil, consumo de drogas, ocupación de los adolescentes, arrestos policiacos. Resultados: Se encontró que las “subculturas” más destacadas en Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl son: reguetoneros 36.4%, fresas 24.1%, skate 9%, punk 5.9%, metalero 4.5%, B-Boy 4.3%, raperos 4%, reggae 3.3, dark 3%, cholos 2.3% y góticos 2%; en todas las subculturas existe el consumo de drogas legales e ilegales como práctica de asociación juvenil, además existe un alto índice de práctica sexual, baja utilización de métodos de planificación familiar y servicios de salud. Las subculturas reguetonero, fresa y cholo se encontró correlación directa con embarazo adolescente y número de hijos. Conclusiones: No se pretende estigmatizar a las subculturas, ni señalar que grupos tiene menos prácticas de riesgo, el adentrarnos en estas subculturas es conocer como profesionales de la salud, que la adolescencia es una etapa de transición en busca de una identidad, en la cual convergen prácticas de riesgo para la salud, en las cuales podríamos incidir para estilos de vida saludables

In Pursuit of Improving Airburst and Ground Damage Predictions: Recent Advances in Multi-Body Aerodynamic Testing and Computational Tools Validation

An airburst from a large asteroid during entry can cause significant ground damage. The damage depends on the energy and the altitude of airburst. Breakup of asteroids into fragments and their lateral spread have been observed. Modeling the underlying physics of fragmented bodies interacting at hypersonic speeds and the spread of fragments is needed for a true predictive capability. Current models use heuristic arguments and assumptions such as pancaking or point source explosive energy release at pre-determined altitude or an assumed fragmentation spread rate to predict airburst damage. A multi-year collaboration between German Aerospace Center (DLR) and NASA has been established to develop validated computational tools to address the above challenge

Quantifying the Temperature of Maggot Masses and its Relationship to Decomposition

Numerous Calliphoridae species have been observed to form larval aggregations during the feeding stage of development, resulting in localized increases in temperature. This study investigates the relationship between maggot numbers in a mass and heat generation. Single-species aggregations (Lucilia sericata) of various sizes (50–2500 individuals) were reared in the laboratory at a constant ambient temperature of 22°C. Internal mass temperatures were recorded every 5 min throughout the feeding stage of development. Results showed that mass temperatures increased with mass numbers (p-value < 0.001), ranging from 2.5 to 14°C above ambient. A minimum mass size of 1200 produced overall temperatures that were significantly warmer than ambient, diverging away from 22°C after c. 26 h. These results indicate that the microclimate of a mass has the potential to differ significantly from ambient, which may be influencing larval development rates and should therefore be factored into mPMI estimates to increase accuracy

The Current Medical Practice: The Case of a Medical Act of Kidnapped

Submit reflection, it is part of a time when medical act and the medical practice, which is exercised in a corner of contemporary Mexico, where the approach to medical science invites oblivion patient, dogamticas structures domesticate the medical act coast the neglect of this science, here is a moment of reflection for the few who dare to look oblivion of our profession.Submit reflection, it is part of a time when medical act and the medical practice, which is exercised in a corner of contemporary Mexico, where the approach to medical science invites oblivion patient, dogamticas structures domesticate the medical act coast the neglect of this science, here is a moment of reflection for the few who dare to look oblivion of our profession