Gender, Diet, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents in Malang, East Java

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is a set of sympton causing degenerative disease. Metabolic syndrome is assesed based on individual body mass index, waist circumference, blood presure, triglyceride level, high density lipoprotein level, and fasting blood sugar level. People with overweight and obesity had an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to examine the relationship between gender, diet, and metabolic syndrome, in adolescents. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Malang, East Java. A sample of 227 adolescents was selected from several high school in Malang. The dependent variable was metabolic syndrome. The independent variables were gender and diet, which included energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake. The data were analyzed using linear regression. RESULT: There were positive and statistically significant relationships between metabolic syndrome and energy intake (b=0.01; 95%CI=0.009 to 0.02; p=0.026); carbohydrates intake (b=0.02, 95%CI=0.01 to 0.04; p=0.012); protein intake (b=0.07; 95%CI=0.03 to 0.09; p=0.010); fat intake (b=0.06; 95%CI=0.04 to 0.12; p=0.002), gender (b=1.81; 95%CI=0.08 to 3.52; p=0.039). CONCLUSION: Diet and gender are risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, gender, die

Maternal Employment Status, Ethnicity, Food Intake, and Their Effects on Teenage Obesity, in Surakarta

Background: Obesity is one of the main causesof premature death in adulthood. The prevalence of teenage obesity in Indonesia hasbeen increasing from 1.4% in 2007 to 7.3%. It is hypothesized that the risk of obesity is influenced by lifestyle and socio-economic status. This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal job status, ethnicity, and food intake, on the risk of obesity in teenagers.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational using case-control design. This study was conducted in Surakarta, in September – November 2016. A total of 120 teenagers were selected for the study, consisting of 41obese teenagers aged 16-18 years old and 79 normal weight teenagers, using fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was obesity. The independent variables were maternal employment status, ethnicity, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, and energy intake. The data were collected using a set of questionnaires. Food intake was measured by 24 hour food recall. The data were analyzed using path analysis model.Results: Energy intake had positive, significant, and direct effect on the risk of teenage obesity (b = 6.75; 95%CI = 4.36 to 9.14; p = <0.001). Working mother indirectly had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via fat intake (b=0.77; 95% CI = 0.03 to 1.52; p=0.040). Fat intake indirectly had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via energy intake (b=4.16; 95%CI=1.95 to 6.38; p=0.001). Likewise, carbohydrateintake had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via energy intake(b = 3.31; 95% CI= 1.73 to 4.88; p = 0.001). Ethnicity (Chinese versus Javanese) did not have significant effect on teenage obesity (b =-1.14; 95% CI =-3.56 to 1.28; p = 0.355).Conclusion: Energy intake has direct effect on the risk of teenage obesity. Fat intake, carbohydrate intake, and maternal employment status, have indirect effect on the risk of teenage obesity.Keywords: maternal employment status, ethnicity,food intake, obesity, teenager.Correspondence: Rahmah Purwaningsih Febri Susanti. Master Program in Public Health Sebelas Maret University. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(2): 75-85https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.02.0

The Effectiveness of Vegetable Oil Formulations in Reducing Oviposition of Bactrocera Dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Large Red Chili Fruits

Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum), in their many varieties, constitute a culturally and economically important horticultural crop in a number of countries. The Indonesian cayenne large red chili (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) is used widely in Indonesia mainly in cooking. There have been reports of increased infestation of large red chili by insect pests, particularly fruit flies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of five edible vegetable oils (palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, corn oil, and candlenut oil) and one non-edible vegetable oil (neem oil) in reducing landings, oviposition, and infestation by the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel) in large red chili fruits. This lab-based experiment entailed exposure of large red chili fruits to 20 mature B. dorsalis females (14–21 days old) inside a 15-l plastic container. Six separate containers each held 10 large red chili fruits with a single oil treatment in each. Prior to exposure, each of the treated and control large red chili fruits was punctured once with a needle in order to create an opening for oviposition. Results indicate that the coconut oil formulation was most effective in preventing damage from B. dorsalis females, and reducing fruit fly landings, oviposition, and infestation

Health Belief Model for the Analysis of Factors Affecting Hypertension Preventive Behavior Among Adolescents in Surakarta

Background: Hypertension is an important public health issue in developed and developing countries. The incidence of hypertension continues to rise to a serious level. Raising awareness of the seriousness of hypertension among peer groups may be an important factor for preventive health behavior. This study aimed to examine the used of health belief model for the analysis of factors affecting hypertension preventive behavior among adolescents.Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. It was conducted at 5 Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Surakarta from April to May, 2017. A sample of 200 class X and XI SMK students aged 15-17 years was selected for this study by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension preventive behavior. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self efficacy, with perceived threat as a mediating variable. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis using SPSS AMOS 22.Results: Perceived threat (b=0.24, SE=0.07, p=0.002), perceived benefit (b=0.24, SE=0.10, p=0.021), self efficacy (b=0.40, SE=0.23, p=0.084), and cues to action (b=0.45, SE=0.15, p=0.003) showed direct positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived barrier (b=-0.26, SE=0.10, p=0.015) showed direct negative effect on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived susceptibility (b= 0.27, SE= 0.09, p=0.005), perceived seriousness (b=0.29, SE=0.09, p<0.001), and cues to action (b=0.34, SE=0.13, p=0.008) showed indirect positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior.Conclusion: Hypertension preventive behavior is positively and directly affected by perceived threat, perceived benefit, self, and cues to action. The preventive behavior is negatively and directly affected by perceived barrier. Perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and cues to action indirectly and positively affect on hypertension preventive behavior.Keywords: health belief model, hypertension, preventive behavior, adolescentsCorrespondence: Rumeyda Chitra Puspita. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6287736044472.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(2): 183-196https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.02.0

Maternal Employment Status, Ethnicity, Food Intake, and their Effects on Teenage Obesity, in Surakarta

Background: Obesity is one of the main causes of premature death in adulthood. The prevalence of teenage obesity in Indonesia has been increasing from 1.4% in 2007 to 7.3%. It is hypothesized that the risk of obesity is influenced by lifestyle and socio-economic status. This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal job status, ethnicity, and food intake, on the risk of obesity in teenagers. Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational using case-control design. This study was conducted in Surakarta, in September – November 2016. A total of 120 teenagers were selected for the study, consisting of 41 obese teenagers aged 16-18 years old and 79 normal weight teenagers, using fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was obesity. The independent variables were maternal employment status, ethnicity, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, and energy intake. The data were collected using a set of questionnaires. Food intake was measured by 24 hour food recall. The data were analyzed using path analysis model. Results: Energy intake had positive, significant, and direct effect on the risk of teenage obesity (b= 6.75; 95%CI= 4.36 to 9.14; p<0.001). Working mother indirectly had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via fat intake (b=0.77; 95% CI= 0.03 to 1.52; p=0.040). Fat intake indirectly had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via energy intake (b=4.16; 95%CI=1.95 to 6.38; p=0.001). Likewise, carbohydrateintake had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via energy intake(b=3.31; 95% CI=1.73 to 4.88; p=0.001). Ethnicity (Chinese versus Javanese) did not have significant effect on teenage obesity (b=-1.14; 95% CI =-3.56 to 1.28; p= 0.355). Conclusion: Energy intake has direct effect on the risk of teenage obesity. Fat intake, carbohydrate intake, and maternal employment status, have indirect effect on the risk of teenage obesity. Keywords: maternal employment status, ethnicity, food intake, obesity, teenager

Sanitation-Related Behavior, Container Index, and Their Associations with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Incidence in Karanganyar, Central Java

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) causes not only epidemic but also social and economic impacts. Environmental sanitation, water reservoirs, and community behavior can influence the incidence of DHF. This study aimed to examine sanitation-related behavior, container index, and their associations with dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational field study using case control design. The study was conducted in sub-districts with the highest and lowest DHF cases in Karanganyar, Central Java, from May to July, 2017. A total sample of 120 study subjects was selected for this study using fixed disease sampling, including 40 people with DHF and 80 people without DHF. The dependent variable was DHF. The independent variables were age, education level, family income, container index, and sanitation behavior. The data were measured by a set of questionnaire and examined using path analysis.Results: Sanitation behavior (b=1.50; 95% CI= 0.57 to 2.42, p=0.001) and Container Index (b=0.90; 95% CI= 0.03 to 1.84; p=0.057) were directly and positively associated with DHF incidence. Container Index was associated with sanitation behavior (b=2.09, 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.97, p<0.001). Age (b=-0.76, 95% CI = -1.60 to 0.08, p=0.074), education level (b=-1.02, 95% CI = -1.87 to -0.17, p=0.019), and family income (b=-0.70, 95% CI= -1.60 to 0.19, p=0.122) were associated with sanitation behavior.Conclusion: DHF incidence is directly and positively associated with sanitation behavior, and container index. DHF incidence is indirectly associated with age, education level, and family income.Keywords: dengue haemorhagic fever, sanitation, container index, behavior, path analysisCorrespondence: Nunik Maya Hastuti. School of Health Science Mitra Husada, Karanganyar, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285647279291.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(2): 174-185https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.02.0

Health Belief Model for the Analysis of Factors Affecting Hypertension Preventive Behavior among Adolescents in Surakarta

Background: Hypertension is an important public health issue in developed and developing countries. The incidence of hypertension continues to rise to a serious level. Raising awareness of the seriousness of hypertension among peer groups may be an important factor for preventive health behavior. This study aimed to examine the used of health belief model for the analysis of factors affecting hypertension preventive behavior among adolescents. Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. It was conducted at 5 Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Surakarta from April to May, 2017. A sample of 200 class X and XI SMK students aged 15-17 years was selected for this study by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension preventive behavior. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self efficacy, with perceived threat as a mediating variable. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis using SPSS AMOS 22. Results: Perceived threat (b= 0.24, SE= 0.07, p= 0.002), perceived benefit (b= 0.24, SE= 0.10, p= 0.021), self efficacy (b= 0.40, SE= 0.23, p= 0.084), and cues to action (b= 0.45, SE= 0.15, p= 0.003) showed direct positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived barrier (b= -0.26, SE= 0.10, p= 0.015) showed direct negative effect on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived susceptibility (b= 0.27, SE= 0.09, p= 0.005), perceived seriousness (b= 0.29, SE= 0.09, p<0.001), and cues to action (b= 0.34, SE= 0.13, p= 0.008) showed indirect positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior. Conclusion: Hypertension preventive behavior is positively and directly affected by perceived threat, perceived benefit, self, and cues to action. The preventive behavior is negatively and directly affected by perceived barrier. Perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and cues to action indirectly and positively affect on hypertension preventive behavior. Keywords: health belief model, hypertension, preventive behavior, adolescent

Pengembangan Varietas Unggul Lada Tahan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang yang di Sebabkan oleh Phytophthora Capsici

Lada (Piper nigrum) merupakan tanaman rempah yang dibudidayakan banyak petani di Indonesia. Produktivitas lada Indonesia relatif rendah, selain karena fluktuasi harga sehingga petani kesulitan memelihara kebun dengan baik, juga akibat serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan oleh jamur Phytophthora capsici. Untuk mengurangi kerugian hasil akibat serangan BPB, perlu dilakukan pengembangan tanaman lada tahan BPB berdaya hasil tinggi disertai dengan sistem budi daya yang efisien. Namun, pengembangan varietas lada tahan BPB menghadapi masalah sempitnya keragaman genetik lada dan adanya variasi virulensi P. capsici. Upaya mendapatkan lada tahan BPB telah dilakukan melalui persilangan intraspesies maupun antarspesies Piper spp., tetapi masih perlu dilanjutkan untuk mendapatkan varietas lada tahan BPB dan berdaya hasil tinggi. Sebaran geografis P. capsici yang luas dan adanya variasi virulensi pada populasi P. capsici menyebabkan komponen pengendalian BPB yang lain perlu terus diperbaiki. Upaya ini penting untuk mendukung budi daya lada tahan BPB dan kelangsungan produksi lada nasional

Risiko Inisiasi Menyusu Dini dan Praktek Asi Eksklusif terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Anak 6-24 Bulan (Early Breastfeeding Initiation And Exclusive Breastfeeding AS Risk Factors Of Stunting Children 6-24 Months-old)

Some of causes of stunting are the deferment of early breastfeeding initiation and the administration of the non-exclusive breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to elaborate relationship of early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding administration history to the stunting. This sudy used the observational analytical research method with the cross-sectional design. Its subjects were 33 stunting and 77 non-stunting children aged 6-24 months in Boyolali Regency. Data was analyzed by using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. The stunting children who got the early breastfeeding initiation were 14, and those who did not get the early breastfeeding initiation were 19. The stunting children who got the exclusive breastfeeding were 4 and those who did not get the exclusive breastfeeding were 29. Early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding had a significant correlation with the stunting as indicated by the p-value &lt;0.05. The children who did not get the early breastfeeding initiation have the possibility of 3.69 times higher to suffer from stunting than those who got the early breastfeeding initiation. In addition, the children who did not get the exclusive breastfeeding have the possibility of 9.5 times higher to suffer from stunting than those who got the exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, nutrition education to the gestational mothers on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding administration is required

A case of compatibility between quarrying of ornamental granite and forest exploitation

A particular development is proposed to mine some good quality out crops of granite found in a forest exploitation of eucalypts. The exploitation has been designed with a quarrying method, in which small open cast pits are opened and quarried sequentially, and later filled with the waste of the new open pit. Soil is finally used to cover this waste, so new growing tree areas are gaine