The use of nanosecond electron beam for the eggs surface disinfection in industrial poultry

Development of the technology bases of egg disinfection using surface irradiation is executed by the nanosecond electron beam. Experiments on shell eggs irradiation using the frequency nanosecond URT-0.5 accelerator were made. Determination of absorbed dose distributionwas executed. In case of irradiation by the electron beam with absorbed dose level 5 kGy, it is enough for the full disinfection of the surface and pores of egg shell. The absorbed dose in the egg at the expense of bremsstrahlung will not exceed 0.08 Gy which can't have essential action on protein. Irradiation of shell eggs batch in plastic package of 100 pieces pledged in an incubator together with an inspection lot of not irradiated egg was made. The percent of eggs deductibility and chickens survival of pilot and control batches were identical, indicating that there was no significant radio biological effect from irradiation of egg internal structures. The received chickens were grown up within the 5 weeks. It is established that the chickens who are grown up from the irradiated egg have no essential differences in development. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.This work was performed within a support of the Russian Science No. 16-16-04038)

GENETIC FORMATION FACTORS OF DAIRY EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF CATTLE MILK

Experimental results of studying the efficiency of cattle selection method use on a genotype are presented to technologies of industrial milk production. For carrying out researches three groups of cows of the Ural black-andwhite breed type from lines Sovering Reflexion, Vis Back Ideal, Montwick Chiftain were created, up to 20 heads in every. The comparative analysis of dairy efficiency and quality of cow milk of different linear accessory is carried out. Impact of linear accessory of cows on a milk yield in 305 days of lactation, the content in milk of fat and protein, a ratio in milk protein of replaceable and irreplaceable amino acids is defined. It is revealed that the Ballele a kappa casein is characterized by the high content of protein in milk with the best abomasal coagulability. 14.3% of cows of the line Montwick Chiftain and 8% Sovering Reflexion had a desirable genotype on kappa casein - Centuries. Protein content in cow milk with a genotype of BB exceeded milk-protein indicators of cows of other genotypes by 0.14-0.18%. By amount of irreplaceable amino acids cow milk of the line Vis Back Ideal was the best that exceeded value of this indicator in cow milk of the line Montwick Chiftain and Sovering Reflexion by 9.5% and 4.5% respectively. It is established that in cow milk with AA genotype the share of irreplaceable amino acids exceeded their content as a part of the general protein in cow milk with a genotype of BB and AB for 8.9 and 39% respectively. Keywords: milk, kappa casein, milk fat and protein, selection, genotype, amino acids

Coronavirus Infections of Animals: Future Risks to Humans

Abstract—: Coronaviruses have tremendous evolutionary potential, and three major outbreaks of new human coronavirus infections have occurred in the recent history of humankind. In this paper, the patterns of occurrence of new zoonotic coronavirus infections and the role of bioveterinary control in preventing their potential outbreaks in the future are determined. The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in companion animals is considered. Diverse human activities may trigger various interactions between animal species and their viruses, sometimes causing the emergence of new viral pathogens. In addition, the possibility of using probiotics for the control of viral infections in animals is discussed

Economic and Legal Mechanisms for Harnessing Natural Resource Potential of the Arctic in the Context of Food and Environmental Security

The article presents the methodology for the assessment of the resource potential of the Arctic. The authors analyze the main elements of its economy that are involved in the food supply of both the Arctic regions and the whole country, as well as in export-import transactions. We state facts and figures for the implementation of the Arctic States policies with the field of both potentials in the Northern latitudes and the projects for utilizing living marine resources in previously unexplored waters. We reveal the dependence of the use of Arctic resources from geopolitical, economic and technological changes in the world. Previously, the economic activities in the Artic were conditioned by certain legal regimes. Now it may revised because of the differences in conceptual approaches when determining the external borders and delimitating continental shelf. We characterize the domestic model of Arctic exploration and the food supply system of territories. We identify the current problem of extraction of marine resources, their processing and delivery to the consumer. The intersectoral resource economy of the Arctic territories, the difficulties of fishery and fish processing, aquaculture production, the lack of support for local farms cultivating crops and producing of animal genetic resources are inherited from previous economic models. The basic features of the modern economy of the Arctic have significant country-specific differences depending on the policies that are implemented on one or another Arctic territory. This is manifested in the conditions created by the state as well as in the level of investment attractiveness and the quality of life. The factors affecting food security in Arctic areas are the following: the access to fishing stocks; support of the agricultural sector and rural households; the formation of state market mechanisms when creating interregional agro-food complexes; respect for animal genetic resources. We recommend enhancing the regulatory, institutional and economic opportunities of coastal regions, creating the conditions for competition development in the extraction and processing of natural resources in the Arctic. © 2018 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Представлена методология оценки состояния ресурсного потенциала Арктики. Приведены цифры и факты, характеризующие реализацию государственных политик арктических стран в связи с потенциалом в северных широтах, проработкой проектов добычи морских биоресурсов на ранее неисследованных морских акваториях. Выявлена существенная зависимость использования значительных ресурсов Арктики от геополитических, экономических и технологических изменений в мире. Рассмотрены современные проблемы добычи морских ресурсов, их переработки и поставки потребителю

Research on the antibacterial and antimycotic effect of the phytopreparation farnesol on biofilm-forming microorganisms in veterinary medicine

Research has been conducted on farms in the Moscow region to identify the most common bacterial and fungal pathogens that can form biofilms. The following isolates were isolated from numerous members of the genus Candida: C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata. The etiological structure of bacterial infections in farm animals is represented by 29 species. The use of Farnesol 200 µm caused a decrease in the optical density of YLF biofilms from 54 to 69 % and a violation of mycelial growth.Farnesol 200 µm inhibited biofilm formation in strong bacterial producers by 61-75 %. Phytopreparation Farnesol can be used as an antibacterial and antimycotic drug both by itself and in combination with other antimicrobial agents. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved

Effectiveness of hypericum perforatum L. Phytosorbent as a part of complex therapy for acute non-specific bronchopneumonia

Respiratory pathology in calves, in particular acute non-specific bronchopneumonia, is extremely common, ranks second after gastrointestinal diseases and leads to significant economic losses. The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents of various pharmacological groups (tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, penicillins) has recently significantly decreased, which is associated with the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains of conditionally pathogenic bacteria. The problem of antibiotic resistance microorganisms that induce the development of an inflammatory process in the respiratory tract of calves forces the search for new therapi es, increasing the effectiveness of standard antibiotic therapy with the help of additional prescribing of various medicinal substances. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the phytosorbent Hypericum Perforatum L. in the complex therapy of calves with acute non-specific bronchopneumonia. The therapeutic effect of Hypericum Perforatum L. phytosorbent was tested in the complex therapy of 97 calves with acute non-specific bronchopneumonia was studied. Calves aged 1.8±0.3 months and weighing 53.5±1.4 kg were selected for the experiment. For comparative study of therapeutic schemes, experimental animals were divided into two groups using the principle of paired analogues. Calves with bronchopneumonia-group I (n=42) were treated with the drug Florox at a dose of 1 ml per 15 kg of body weight, which corresponded to 20 mg/kg of Florfenicol, intramuscularly, twice with an interval of 48 hours. Calves with acute non-specific bronchopneumonia-group II (n=55) were also treated with the drug Florox at a dose of 1 ml per 15 kg of body weight intramuscularly, twice at 48-hour intervals with an additional prescription of phytosorbent Hypericum Perforatum L. at a dose of 5.0 g orally 1 time per day for 7 days. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated by clinical and laboratory blood parameters. It was found that combined therapy of calves with acute non-specific bronchopneumonia with the use of Florfenicol and Hypericum Perforatum L. phytosorbent leads to a complete recovery 16.1 % more often than in animals treated with Florfenicol in a single mode. Combination of Florfenicol with Hypericum Perforatum L. statistically significant decreasing phenomena leukocytosis, increased phagocytic activity of neutrophils, reduced serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, α-globulin, β-globulin, the increase in the concentration of albumin, γ-globulin and IgG in the treatment of sick calves. In the blood of sick animals treated with a combination of Florfenicol with Hypericum Perforatum L. phytosorbent, compared with calves treated with Florfenicol in a single mode, the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood significantly decreased and the phagocytic activity of neutrophilic leukocytes increased. These changes indicate a significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect of Hypericum Perforatum L. in acute non-specific bronchopneumonia in calves. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved

A Review of the Effects and Production of Spore-Forming Probiotics for Poultry

One of the main problems in the poultry industry is the search for a viable replacement for antibiotic growth promoters. This issue requires a “one health” approach because the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in poultry can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which is a concern not only in animals, but for humans as well. One of the promising ways to overcome this challenge is found in probiotics due to their wide range of features and mechanisms of action for health promotion. Moreover, spore-forming probiotics are suitable for use in the poultry industry because of their unique ability, encapsulation, granting them protection from the harshest conditions and resulting in improved availability for hosts’ organisms. This review summarizes the information on gastrointestinal tract microbiota of poultry and their interaction with commensal and probiotic spore-forming bacteria. One of the most important topics of this review is the absence of uniformity in spore-forming probiotic trials in poultry. In our opinion, this problem can be solved by the creation of standards and checklists for these kinds of trials such as those used for pre-clinical and clinical trials in human medicine. Last but not least, this review covers problems and challenges related to spore-forming probiotic manufacturing