208 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Intraoperative Monitoring of the Cochlear Nerve during Neurofibromatosis Type-2 Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery and Description of a "Test Intracochlear Electrode".
Objectives âA decision on whether to insert a cochlear implant can be made in neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) if there is objective evidence of cochlear nerve (CN) function post vestibular schwannoma (VS) excision. We aimed to develop intraoperative CN monitoring to help in this decision. Design âWe describe the intraoperative monitoring of a patient with NF2 and our stimulating and recording set up. A novel test electrode is used to stimulate the CN electrically. Setting âThis study was set at a tertiary referral center for skull base pathology. Main outcome measure âPreserved auditory brainstem responses leading to cochlear implantation. Results âElectrical auditory brainstem response (EABR) waveforms will be displayed from different stages of the operation. A cochlear implant was inserted at the same sitting based on the EABR. Conclusion âElectrically evoked CN monitoring can provide objective evidence of CN function after VS excision and aid in the decision-making process of hearing rehabilitation in patients who will be rendered deaf
Low-Tech Riparian and Wet Meadow Restoration Increases Vegetation Productivity and Resilience Across Semiarid Rangelands
Restoration of riparian and wet meadow ecosystems in semiarid rangelands of the western United States is a high priority given their ecological and hydrological importance in the region. However, traditional restoration approaches are often intensive and costly, limiting the extent over which they can be applied. Practitioners are increasingly trying new restoration techniques that are more costâeffective, less intensive, and can more practically scale up to the scope of degradation. Unfortunately, practitioners typically lack resources to undertake outcomeâbased evaluations necessary to judge the efficacy of these techniques. In this study, we use freely available, satellite remote sensing to explore changes in vegetation productivity (normalized difference vegetation index) of three distinct, lowâtech, riparian and wet meadow restoration projects. Case studies are presented that range in geographic location (Colorado, Oregon, and Nevada), restoration practice (Zeedyk structures, beaver dam analogs, and grazing management), and time since implementation. Restoration practices resulted in increased vegetation productivity of up to 25% and increased annual persistence of productive vegetation. Improvements in productivity with time since restoration suggest that elevated resilience may further enhance wildlife habitat and increase forage production. Longâterm, documented outcomes of conservation are rare; we hope our findings empower practitioners to further monitor and explore the use of lowâtech methods for restoration of ecohydrologic processes at meaningful spatial scales
Climate Change: Scenarios & Impacts for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.1-M1) ISBN:1-84095-115-X
The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) is the most
authoritative assessment of global climate change to date.
Produced by several hundred leading scientists in various
areas of climate studies, its principal conclusions include
the following:
⢠Global average temperature has increased by
0.6 ¹ 0.2°C since 1860 with accelerated warming
apparent in the latter decades of the 20th century. A
further increase of 1.5â6.0°C from 1990 to 2100 is
projected, depending on how emissions of
greenhouse gases increase over the period.
⢠The 20th century was the warmest of the last
millennium in the Northern Hemisphere, with the
1990s being the warmest decade and 1998 the
warmest year. Warming has been more pronounced
at night than during the day.
⢠Reductions in the extent of snow cover of 10% have
occurred in the past 40 years, with a widespread
retreat also of mountain glaciers outside the polar
regions. Sea-ice thickness in the Arctic has declined
by about 40% during late summer/early autumn,
though no comparable reduction has taken place in
winter. In the Antarctic, no similar trends have been
observed. One of the most serious impacts on global
sea level could result from a catastrophic failure of
grounded ice in West Antarctica. This is, however,
considered unlikely over the coming century.
⢠Global sea level has risen by 0.1â0.2 m over the past
century, an order of magnitude larger than the
average rate over the past three millennia. A rise of
approximately 0.5 m is considered likely during the
period 1990â2100.
⢠Precipitation has increased over the land masses of
the temperate regions by 0.5â1.0% per decade.
Frequencies of more intense rainfall events appear to
be increasing also in the Northern Hemisphere. In
contrast, decreases in rainfall over the tropics have
been observed, though this trend has weakened in
recent years. More frequent warm-phase El NiĂąo
events are occurring in the Pacific Basin.
Precipitation increases are projected, particularly for
winter, for middle and high latitudes in the Northern
Hemisphere and for Antarctica.
⢠No significant trends in the tropical cyclone
climatology have been detected.
These global trends have implications for the future
course of Irelandâs climate which it is judicious to
anticipate. This report presents an assessment of the
magnitude and likely impacts of climate change in
Ireland over the course of the current century. It
approaches this by establishing scenarios for future Irish
climate based on global climate model projections for the
middle and last quarter of the present century. These
projections are then used to assess probable impacts in
key sectors such as agriculture, forestry, water resources,
the coastal and marine environments and on biodiversity.
The purpose of the report is to firstly identify where
vulnerability to climate change exists in Ireland and what
adjustments are likely in the operation of environmental
systems in response to such changes. In some sectors, e.g.
agriculture, some new opportunities may arise. In other
instances, e.g. water resource management, long-term
planning strategies will be necessary to mitigate adverse
impacts. Long lead times for adjustment characterise
many sectors, e.g. forestry, and it is important to provide
as much advance warning of likely changes as possible to
enable adaptation to commence early. By anticipating
change it may be possible to minimise adverse impacts
and to maximise positive aspects of global climate
change
Climate Change: Scenarios & Impacts for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.1-M1) ISBN:1-84095-115-X
The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) is the most
authoritative assessment of global climate change to date.
Produced by several hundred leading scientists in various
areas of climate studies, its principal conclusions include
the following:
⢠Global average temperature has increased by
0.6 ¹ 0.2°C since 1860 with accelerated warming
apparent in the latter decades of the 20th century. A
further increase of 1.5â6.0°C from 1990 to 2100 is
projected, depending on how emissions of
greenhouse gases increase over the period.
⢠The 20th century was the warmest of the last
millennium in the Northern Hemisphere, with the
1990s being the warmest decade and 1998 the
warmest year. Warming has been more pronounced
at night than during the day.
⢠Reductions in the extent of snow cover of 10% have
occurred in the past 40 years, with a widespread
retreat also of mountain glaciers outside the polar
regions. Sea-ice thickness in the Arctic has declined
by about 40% during late summer/early autumn,
though no comparable reduction has taken place in
winter. In the Antarctic, no similar trends have been
observed. One of the most serious impacts on global
sea level could result from a catastrophic failure of
grounded ice in West Antarctica. This is, however,
considered unlikely over the coming century.
⢠Global sea level has risen by 0.1â0.2 m over the past
century, an order of magnitude larger than the
average rate over the past three millennia. A rise of
approximately 0.5 m is considered likely during the
period 1990â2100.
⢠Precipitation has increased over the land masses of
the temperate regions by 0.5â1.0% per decade.
Frequencies of more intense rainfall events appear to
be increasing also in the Northern Hemisphere. In
contrast, decreases in rainfall over the tropics have
been observed, though this trend has weakened in
recent years. More frequent warm-phase El NiĂąo
events are occurring in the Pacific Basin.
Precipitation increases are projected, particularly for
winter, for middle and high latitudes in the Northern
Hemisphere and for Antarctica.
⢠No significant trends in the tropical cyclone
climatology have been detected.
These global trends have implications for the future
course of Irelandâs climate which it is judicious to
anticipate. This report presents an assessment of the
magnitude and likely impacts of climate change in
Ireland over the course of the current century. It
approaches this by establishing scenarios for future Irish
climate based on global climate model projections for the
middle and last quarter of the present century. These
projections are then used to assess probable impacts in
key sectors such as agriculture, forestry, water resources,
the coastal and marine environments and on biodiversity.
The purpose of the report is to firstly identify where
vulnerability to climate change exists in Ireland and what
adjustments are likely in the operation of environmental
systems in response to such changes. In some sectors, e.g.
agriculture, some new opportunities may arise. In other
instances, e.g. water resource management, long-term
planning strategies will be necessary to mitigate adverse
impacts. Long lead times for adjustment characterise
many sectors, e.g. forestry, and it is important to provide
as much advance warning of likely changes as possible to
enable adaptation to commence early. By anticipating
change it may be possible to minimise adverse impacts
and to maximise positive aspects of global climate
change
Climate Change: Scenarios & Impacts for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.1-M1) ISBN:1-84095-115-X
The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) is the most
authoritative assessment of global climate change to date.
Produced by several hundred leading scientists in various
areas of climate studies, its principal conclusions include
the following:
⢠Global average temperature has increased by
0.6 ¹ 0.2°C since 1860 with accelerated warming
apparent in the latter decades of the 20th century. A
further increase of 1.5â6.0°C from 1990 to 2100 is
projected, depending on how emissions of
greenhouse gases increase over the period.
⢠The 20th century was the warmest of the last
millennium in the Northern Hemisphere, with the
1990s being the warmest decade and 1998 the
warmest year. Warming has been more pronounced
at night than during the day.
⢠Reductions in the extent of snow cover of 10% have
occurred in the past 40 years, with a widespread
retreat also of mountain glaciers outside the polar
regions. Sea-ice thickness in the Arctic has declined
by about 40% during late summer/early autumn,
though no comparable reduction has taken place in
winter. In the Antarctic, no similar trends have been
observed. One of the most serious impacts on global
sea level could result from a catastrophic failure of
grounded ice in West Antarctica. This is, however,
considered unlikely over the coming century.
⢠Global sea level has risen by 0.1â0.2 m over the past
century, an order of magnitude larger than the
average rate over the past three millennia. A rise of
approximately 0.5 m is considered likely during the
period 1990â2100.
⢠Precipitation has increased over the land masses of
the temperate regions by 0.5â1.0% per decade.
Frequencies of more intense rainfall events appear to
be increasing also in the Northern Hemisphere. In
contrast, decreases in rainfall over the tropics have
been observed, though this trend has weakened in
recent years. More frequent warm-phase El NiĂąo
events are occurring in the Pacific Basin.
Precipitation increases are projected, particularly for
winter, for middle and high latitudes in the Northern
Hemisphere and for Antarctica.
⢠No significant trends in the tropical cyclone
climatology have been detected.
These global trends have implications for the future
course of Irelandâs climate which it is judicious to
anticipate. This report presents an assessment of the
magnitude and likely impacts of climate change in
Ireland over the course of the current century. It
approaches this by establishing scenarios for future Irish
climate based on global climate model projections for the
middle and last quarter of the present century. These
projections are then used to assess probable impacts in
key sectors such as agriculture, forestry, water resources,
the coastal and marine environments and on biodiversity.
The purpose of the report is to firstly identify where
vulnerability to climate change exists in Ireland and what
adjustments are likely in the operation of environmental
systems in response to such changes. In some sectors, e.g.
agriculture, some new opportunities may arise. In other
instances, e.g. water resource management, long-term
planning strategies will be necessary to mitigate adverse
impacts. Long lead times for adjustment characterise
many sectors, e.g. forestry, and it is important to provide
as much advance warning of likely changes as possible to
enable adaptation to commence early. By anticipating
change it may be possible to minimise adverse impacts
and to maximise positive aspects of global climate
change
Climate Change: Scenarios & Impacts for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.1-M1) ISBN:1-84095-115-X
The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) is the most
authoritative assessment of global climate change to date.
Produced by several hundred leading scientists in various
areas of climate studies, its principal conclusions include
the following:
⢠Global average temperature has increased by
0.6 ¹ 0.2°C since 1860 with accelerated warming
apparent in the latter decades of the 20th century. A
further increase of 1.5â6.0°C from 1990 to 2100 is
projected, depending on how emissions of
greenhouse gases increase over the period.
⢠The 20th century was the warmest of the last
millennium in the Northern Hemisphere, with the
1990s being the warmest decade and 1998 the
warmest year. Warming has been more pronounced
at night than during the day.
⢠Reductions in the extent of snow cover of 10% have
occurred in the past 40 years, with a widespread
retreat also of mountain glaciers outside the polar
regions. Sea-ice thickness in the Arctic has declined
by about 40% during late summer/early autumn,
though no comparable reduction has taken place in
winter. In the Antarctic, no similar trends have been
observed. One of the most serious impacts on global
sea level could result from a catastrophic failure of
grounded ice in West Antarctica. This is, however,
considered unlikely over the coming century.
⢠Global sea level has risen by 0.1â0.2 m over the past
century, an order of magnitude larger than the
average rate over the past three millennia. A rise of
approximately 0.5 m is considered likely during the
period 1990â2100.
⢠Precipitation has increased over the land masses of
the temperate regions by 0.5â1.0% per decade.
Frequencies of more intense rainfall events appear to
be increasing also in the Northern Hemisphere. In
contrast, decreases in rainfall over the tropics have
been observed, though this trend has weakened in
recent years. More frequent warm-phase El NiĂąo
events are occurring in the Pacific Basin.
Precipitation increases are projected, particularly for
winter, for middle and high latitudes in the Northern
Hemisphere and for Antarctica.
⢠No significant trends in the tropical cyclone
climatology have been detected.
These global trends have implications for the future
course of Irelandâs climate which it is judicious to
anticipate. This report presents an assessment of the
magnitude and likely impacts of climate change in
Ireland over the course of the current century. It
approaches this by establishing scenarios for future Irish
climate based on global climate model projections for the
middle and last quarter of the present century. These
projections are then used to assess probable impacts in
key sectors such as agriculture, forestry, water resources,
the coastal and marine environments and on biodiversity.
The purpose of the report is to firstly identify where
vulnerability to climate change exists in Ireland and what
adjustments are likely in the operation of environmental
systems in response to such changes. In some sectors, e.g.
agriculture, some new opportunities may arise. In other
instances, e.g. water resource management, long-term
planning strategies will be necessary to mitigate adverse
impacts. Long lead times for adjustment characterise
many sectors, e.g. forestry, and it is important to provide
as much advance warning of likely changes as possible to
enable adaptation to commence early. By anticipating
change it may be possible to minimise adverse impacts
and to maximise positive aspects of global climate
change
Climate Change: Scenarios & Impacts for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.1-M1) ISBN:1-84095-115-X
The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) is the most
authoritative assessment of global climate change to date.
Produced by several hundred leading scientists in various
areas of climate studies, its principal conclusions include
the following:
⢠Global average temperature has increased by
0.6 ¹ 0.2°C since 1860 with accelerated warming
apparent in the latter decades of the 20th century. A
further increase of 1.5â6.0°C from 1990 to 2100 is
projected, depending on how emissions of
greenhouse gases increase over the period.
⢠The 20th century was the warmest of the last
millennium in the Northern Hemisphere, with the
1990s being the warmest decade and 1998 the
warmest year. Warming has been more pronounced
at night than during the day.
⢠Reductions in the extent of snow cover of 10% have
occurred in the past 40 years, with a widespread
retreat also of mountain glaciers outside the polar
regions. Sea-ice thickness in the Arctic has declined
by about 40% during late summer/early autumn,
though no comparable reduction has taken place in
winter. In the Antarctic, no similar trends have been
observed. One of the most serious impacts on global
sea level could result from a catastrophic failure of
grounded ice in West Antarctica. This is, however,
considered unlikely over the coming century.
⢠Global sea level has risen by 0.1â0.2 m over the past
century, an order of magnitude larger than the
average rate over the past three millennia. A rise of
approximately 0.5 m is considered likely during the
period 1990â2100.
⢠Precipitation has increased over the land masses of
the temperate regions by 0.5â1.0% per decade.
Frequencies of more intense rainfall events appear to
be increasing also in the Northern Hemisphere. In
contrast, decreases in rainfall over the tropics have
been observed, though this trend has weakened in
recent years. More frequent warm-phase El NiĂąo
events are occurring in the Pacific Basin.
Precipitation increases are projected, particularly for
winter, for middle and high latitudes in the Northern
Hemisphere and for Antarctica.
⢠No significant trends in the tropical cyclone
climatology have been detected.
These global trends have implications for the future
course of Irelandâs climate which it is judicious to
anticipate. This report presents an assessment of the
magnitude and likely impacts of climate change in
Ireland over the course of the current century. It
approaches this by establishing scenarios for future Irish
climate based on global climate model projections for the
middle and last quarter of the present century. These
projections are then used to assess probable impacts in
key sectors such as agriculture, forestry, water resources,
the coastal and marine environments and on biodiversity.
The purpose of the report is to firstly identify where
vulnerability to climate change exists in Ireland and what
adjustments are likely in the operation of environmental
systems in response to such changes. In some sectors, e.g.
agriculture, some new opportunities may arise. In other
instances, e.g. water resource management, long-term
planning strategies will be necessary to mitigate adverse
impacts. Long lead times for adjustment characterise
many sectors, e.g. forestry, and it is important to provide
as much advance warning of likely changes as possible to
enable adaptation to commence early. By anticipating
change it may be possible to minimise adverse impacts
and to maximise positive aspects of global climate
change
The Vehicle, Fall 1985
Vol. 27, No. 1
Table of Contents
Satchel AssMichael D. Smithpage 3
PhotoDoug Andersonpage 7
CounselingChristy Dunphypage 8
Grave SiteJay D. Fiskpage 8
Sight-Seeing Outside PhoenixBob Zordanipage 9
PerformanceDan Von Holtenpage 10
NightmareKandy Bellpage 10
Photo (The Loft)Lawrence McGownpage 11
LaboringJanet Gracepage 12
Blood DonorDan Von Holtenpage 13
Photo (Pier)Lawrence McGownpage 14
ExamplesChristopher Albinpage 14
Three PoemsPatrick Peterspage 15
Sometimes I Dream in Cotton CandyKathy Graypage 16
One Day While BoatingF. Link Rapierpage 17
DepartureBob Zordanipage 17
140 Print That\u27s Life Peter Dowlingpage 18
Photo (Around the Bend)Mike Freckerpage 20
Light ConversationDan Hintzpage 22
She Waits For the WorldJim Harrispage 22
HoneyKathy Graypage 23
Photo AlbumPatrick Peterspage 24
Photo (Stairs)Lawrence McGownpage 25
Fallen From Grace to SaturdayF. Link Rapierpage 26
Post MortemF. Link Rapierpage 27
ConfessionJohn Kayserpage 27
Child\u27s PlayChristopher Albinpage 27
Seeking A Friend\u27s Advice on DietingKathy Graypage 28
PhotoDoug Andersonpage 28
She Came Back to MeJim Harrispage 29
Farm BoyDiana Winsonpage 30
DilemmaJanet Wilhelmpage 31
In a Rock or StoneRichard Donnellypage 32
In November He Came To MeJean Kover Chandlerpage 33
EndingChristy Dunphypage 34
The Honor GradEddie Simpsonpage 35
Photo (Thirst)Mike Freckerpage 40https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1046/thumbnail.jp
Evaluating the effectiveness and reliability of the Vibrant Soundbridge and Bonebridge auditory implants in clinical practice: Study design and methods for a multi-centre longitudinal observational study.
BACKGROUND: The Vibrant Soundbridge middle ear implant and the Bonebridge bone conducting hearing device are hearing implants that use radio frequency transmission to send information from the sound processor to the internal transducer. This reduces the risk of skin problems and infection but requires a more involved surgical procedure than competitor skin penetrating devices. It is not known whether more complex surgery will lead to additional complications. There is little information available on the reliability of these systems and adverse medical or surgical events. The primary research question is to determine the reliability and complication rate for the Vibrant Soundbridge and Bonebridge. The secondary research question explores changes in quality of life following implantation of the devices. The tertiary research question looks at effectiveness via changes in auditory performance. METHOD: The study was designed based on a combination of a literature search, two clinician focus groups and expert review.A multi-centre longitudinal observational study was designed. There are three study groups, two will have been implanted prior to the start of the study and one group, the prospective group, will be implanted after initiation of the study. Outcomes are surgical questionnaires, measures of quality of life, user satisfaction and speech perception tests in quiet and in noise. CONCLUSION: This is the first multi-centre study to look at these interventions and includes follow up over time to understand effectiveness, reliability, quality of life and complications
Preliminary Assessment of the Efficacy of a T-CellâBased Influenza Vaccine, MVA-NP+M1, in Humans
A single vaccination with MVA-NP+M1 boosts T-cell responses to conserved influenza antigens in humans. Protection against influenza disease and virus shedding was demonstrated in an influenza virus challenge study
- âŚ