23 research outputs found
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Exploring the potential of knowledge engineering and hypercard for enhancing teaching and learning in mathematics.
This study adapted the knowledge engineering process from expert systems research and used it to acquire the combined knowledge of a mathematics student and a mathematics teacher. The knowledge base acquired was used to inform the design of a hypercard learning environment dealing with linear and quadratic functions. The researcher, who is also a mathematics teacher, acted as both knowledge engineer and expert. In the role of knowledge engineer, she conducted sixteen sessions with a student-expert. The purpose of the knowledge engineering sessions was to acquire an explicit representation of the student\u27s expertise. The student\u27s expertise was her view of mathematical concepts as she understood them. The teacher also made explicit her understanding of the same mathematical concepts discussed by the student. A graphical representation of the knowledge of both student and teacher was developed. This knowledge base informed the design of a hypercard learning environment on functions. Three major implications for teaching and learning emerged from the research. First, the teacher as knowledge engineer is a compelling new way to conceptualize the teacher\u27s role. In the role of knowledge engineer, the teacher develops an understanding of the student\u27s knowledge base which can inform curriculum. Second, recognizing the student as expert allows the student to be a more active participant in the learning process. Finally, hypercard is an appropriate and promising application for the development of knowledge based systems which will encourage the active participation of teachers and students in the development of curriculum
The Mastery Rubric for Statistics and Data Science: promoting coherence and consistency in data science education and training
Consensus based publications of both competencies and undergraduate
curriculum guidance documents targeting data science instruction for higher
education have recently been published. Recommendations for curriculum features
from diverse sources may not result in consistent training across programs. A
Mastery Rubric was developed that prioritizes the promotion and documentation
of formal growth as well as the development of independence needed for the 13
requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities for professional practice in
statistics and data science, SDS. The Mastery Rubric, MR, driven curriculum can
emphasize computation, statistics, or a third discipline in which the other
would be deployed or, all three can be featured. The MR SDS supports each of
these program structures while promoting consistency with international,
consensus based, curricular recommendations for statistics and data science,
and allows 'statistics', 'data science', and 'statistics and data science'
curricula to consistently educate students with a focus on increasing learners
independence. The Mastery Rubric construct integrates findings from the
learning sciences, cognitive and educational psychology, to support teachers
and students through the learning enterprise. The MR SDS will support higher
education as well as the interests of business, government, and academic work
force development, bringing a consistent framework to address challenges that
exist for a domain that is claimed to be both an independent discipline and
part of other disciplines, including computer science, engineering, and
statistics. The MR-SDS can be used for development or revision of an evaluable
curriculum that will reliably support the preparation of early e.g.,
undergraduate degree programs, middle e.g., upskilling and training programs,
and late e.g., doctoral level training practitioners.Comment: 40 pages; 2 Tables; 4 Figures. Presented at the Symposium on Data
Science & Statistics (SDSS) 202
Lactate Produced by Glycogenolysis in Astrocytes Regulates Memory Processing
When administered either systemically or centrally, glucose is a potent enhancer of memory processes. Measures of glucose levels in extracellular fluid in the rat hippocampus during memory tests reveal that these levels are dynamic, decreasing in response to memory tasks and loads; exogenous glucose blocks these decreases and enhances memory. The present experiments test the hypothesis that glucose enhancement of memory is mediated by glycogen storage and then metabolism to lactate in astrocytes, which provide lactate to neurons as an energy substrate. Sensitive bioprobes were used to measure brain glucose and lactate levels in 1-sec samples. Extracellular glucose decreased and lactate increased while rats performed a spatial working memory task. Intrahippocampal infusions of lactate enhanced memory in this task. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of astrocytic glycogenolysis impaired memory and this impairment was reversed by administration of lactate or glucose, both of which can provide lactate to neurons in the absence of glycogenolysis. Pharmacological block of the monocarboxylate transporter responsible for lactate uptake into neurons also impaired memory and this impairment was not reversed by either glucose or lactate. These findings support the view that astrocytes regulate memory formation by controlling the provision of lactate to support neuronal functions
Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples
Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts
Evaluation of the 2012 18th Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Epidemiology and 22nd CityMatCH MCH Urban Leadership Conference: Six Month Impact on Science, Program, and Policy
Mechanistic Rationalization of Organocatalyzed Conjugate Addition of Linear Aldehydes to Nitro-olefins
Kinetic studies of the conjugate addition of propanal to nitrostyrene catalyzed by diarylprolinol ethers reveal that formation of the product iminium species is rate-determining and is promoted by both the reaction product and acid additives. The beneficial role of a dominant cyclobutane intermediate in maintaining high stereoselectivity is highlighted. This mechanistic understanding led to the design of highly productive reaction protocols