The Impact of ChatGPT and LLMs on Medical Imaging Stakeholders: Perspectives and Use Cases

This study investigates the transformative potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI ChatGPT, in medical imaging. With the aid of public data, these models, which possess remarkable language understanding and generation capabilities, are augmenting the interpretive skills of radiologists, enhancing patient-physician communication, and streamlining clinical workflows. The paper introduces an analytic framework for presenting the complex interactions between LLMs and the broader ecosystem of medical imaging stakeholders, including businesses, insurance entities, governments, research institutions, and hospitals (nicknamed BIGR-H). Through detailed analyses, illustrative use cases, and discussions on the broader implications and future directions, this perspective seeks to raise discussion in strategic planning and decision-making in the era of AI-enabled healthcare

Type-I superconductivity in Al6_6Re

While the pure elements tend to exhibit Type-I rather than Type-II superconductivity, nearly all compound superconductors are Type-II, with only a few known exceptions. We report single crystal growth and physical characterization of the rhenium aluminide Al$_6$Re, which we conclude is a Type-I superconductor based on magnetization, ac-susceptibility, and specific-heat measurements. This detection of superconductivity, despite the strong similarity of Al$_6$Re to a family of W and Mo aluminides that do not superconduct, suggests that these aluminides are an ideal testbed for identifying the relative importance of valence electron count and inversion symmetry in determining whether a material will superconduct.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, CIF file as ancillar

Collaborative Opportunistic Scheduling in Heterogeneous Networks: A Distributed Approach

We consider a collaborative opportunistic scheduling problem in a decentralized network with heterogeneous users. While most related researches focus on solutions for optimizing decentralized systems’ total performance, we proceed in another direction. Two problems are specifically investigated. (1) With heterogenous users having personal demands, is it possible to have it met by designing distributed opportunistic policies? (2) With a decentralized mechanism, how can we prevent selfish behaviors and enforce collaboration? In our research, we first introduce a multiuser network model along with a scheduling problem constrained by individual throughput requirement at each user’s side. An iterative algorithm is then proposed to characterize a solution for the scheduling problem, based on which collaborative opportunistic scheduling scheme is enabled. Properties of the algorithm, including convergence, will be discussed. Furthermore in order to keep the users staying with the collaboration state, an additional punishment strategy is designed. Therefore selfish deviation can be detected and disciplined so that collaboration is enforced. We demonstrate our main findings with both analysis and simulations

Explaining variation in brood parasitism rates between potential host species with similar habitat requirements

Host specialization evolved in many parasite-host systems. Evolution and maintenance of host specificity may be influenced by host life-history traits, active host selection by the parasite, and host anti-parasite strategies. The relative importance of these factors is poorly understood in situations that offer parasites a choice between hosts with similar habitat requirements. The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a generalist parasite on the species level, but individual females prefer particular host species. In reed beds of the Yellow River Delta, China, two potential hosts with similar nest characteristics, Oriental reed warblers Acrocephalus orientalis and reed parrotbills Paradoxornis heudei, breed in sympatry. We found that warblers were parasitized at much higher rates than parrotbills. Both hosts recognized and rejected non-mimetic model eggs well, indicating that they have been involved in an arms-race with cuckoos. Cuckoo eggs closely resembled warbler eggs, and such eggs were mostly accepted by warblers but rejected by parrotbills. Only warblers recognized adult cuckoos as a specific threat. Both hosts were equally good at raising cuckoo chicks. Low nest density, partial isolation by breeding time, small scale differences in nest and nest site characteristics, and high rejection rates of natural cuckoo eggs are likely cumulatively responsible for the low current parasitism rate in parrotbills. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating the study of general host life-history characteristics and specific anti-parasitism strategies of hosts across all breeding stages to understand the evolution of host specificity.submittedVersionpublishedVersio

Size dependent thermoelectric properties of silicon nanowires

By using first-principles tight-binding electronic structure calculation and Boltzmann transport equation, we investigate the size dependence of thermoelectric properties of silicon nanowires (SiNWs). With cross section area increasing, the electrical conductivity increases slowly, while the Seebeck coefficient reduces remarkably. This leads to a quick reduction of cooling power factor with diameter. Moreover, the figure of merit also decreases with transverse size. Our results demonstrate that in thermoelectric application, NW with small diameter is preferred. We also predict that isotopic doping can increase the value of ZT significantly. With 50% 29Si doping (28Si0.529Si0.5 NW), the ZT can be increased by 31%.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Stress arch effect on the productivity of the vertical fractured well

Rock permeability impacts by effective stress. Permeability modulus is used to evaluate the level of permeability reduction due to effective stress change. And the permeability modulus is always obtained by the experiment which assumes that the overburden pressure is constant during production. Actually, the overburden pressure reduces during production due to stress arch effect and it is easy to form a stress arch in the overburden when the reservoir is small and soft compared with surrounding’s rock. Based on the definition of the permeability modulus, we obtain an expression between permeability modulus bγ considering stress arch effect and permeability modulus b0 without stress arch. There lies a linear ship between bγ and b0, which is also proved by the experiment data. Based on the relationship between bγ and b0, a delivery equation for vertical fractured well is established. Compared with the absolute open flow with stress arch ratio of 0, the absolute open flow increases by 2.87 %, 6.79 %, 12.32 %, 20.12 % and 25.44 % for the stress arch ratio of 0.12, 0.28, 0.5, 0.8 and 1, respectively, with permeability modulus b0 of 0.0397 MPa-1. And it increases by 7.31 %, 18.1 %, 34.88 %, 61.02 % and 79.97 % for the stress arch ratio of 0.12, 0.28, 0.5, 0.8 and 1, respectively, when b0= 1. So absolute open flow with high permeability modulus b0 is more sensitive to stress arch ratio. Stress arch also impacts the optimum fracture half-length. Vertical well has the maximum absolute open flow when it has the optimum fracture half-length. The maximum absolute open flow increases with the increasing of stress arch ratio, while optimum fracture half-length decreases with increasing of stress arch ratio for the same permeability modulus b0. Compared with case with no stress arch, the optimum fracture half-length reduces by 2.86 %, 5.7 %, 11.43 %, 17.14 % and 22.86 % for the stress arch ratio of 0.12, 0.28, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 respectively when b0 equals to 0.0397 MPa-1. While the maximum absolute open flow increases by 1.6 %, 3.8 %, 7.16 %, 12.02 % and 15.60 % for the stress arch ratio of 0.12, 0.28, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 respectively. Thus, vertical well considering stress arch needs smaller fracture half-length than that with no stress arch. Meanwhile, the maximum absolute open flow and optimum fracture conductivity both increase as stress arch ratio increases. Compared with the case without stress arch, the optimum fracture conductivity increases by 50 %, while the maximum absolute open flow increases by 21.40 % with stress arch ratio of 0.5 when b0 equals to 0.0397 MPa-1. The stress arch greatly impacts on the stress sensitive permeability, permeability modulus and well performance, which can’t be neglected especially in the low and ultra-low permeability reservoir

Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Equipment Bearing Based on EEMD and Improved Sparse Representation Algorithm

Aiming at the problem that the vibration signals of rolling bearings working in a harsh environment are mixed with many harmonic components and noise signals, while the traditional sparse representation algorithm takes a long time to calculate and has a limited accuracy, a bearing fault feature extraction method based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm and improved sparse representation is proposed. Firstly, an improved orthogonal matching pursuit (adapOMP) algorithm is used to separate the harmonic components in the signal to obtain the filtered signal. The processed signal is decomposed by EEMD, and the signal with a kurtosis greater than three is reconstructed. Then, Hankel matrix transformation is carried out to construct the learning dictionary. The K-singular value decomposition (K-SVD) algorithm using the improved termination criterion makes the algorithm have a certain adaptability, and the reconstructed signal is constructed by processing the EEMD results. Through the comparative analysis of the three methods under strong noise, although the K-SVD algorithm can produce good results after being processed by the adapOMP algorithm, the effect of the algorithm is not obvious in the low-frequency range. The method proposed in this paper can effectively extract the impact component from the signal. This will have a positive effect on the extraction of rotating machinery impact features in complex noise environments

Males and females of a polygamous songbird respond differently to mating opportunities

Parents are expected to make fine-tuned decisions by weighing the benefits of providing care to increase offspring survival against that of deserting to pursue future mating opportunities. A higher incentive for the rarer sex in the population indicates an impact of mating opportunities on parental care decisions. However, in a dynamic breeding system, deserting the offspring and searching for a new mate would influence mating opportunities for both sexes. Sex-specific costs and benefits are expected to influence males’ and females’ parenting strategies in different ways. Here, we investigated Chinese penduline tits, Remiz consobrinus, which exhibit flexible parental care strategies: uniparental care by the male or female, biparental care, and biparental desertion occur in the same population. We show that male penduline tits change their parental behavior over the breeding season; they desert clutches produced early in the season but care for the late season clutches. The change in male parenting behavior is consistent with the seasonal decline in mating opportunities. In contrast, parenting by females did not change over the breeding season, nor was it associated with seasonal variation in mate availability. Taken together, mating opportunities have different associations with parental behavior of male and female Chinese penduline tits. We recommend an inclusion of mating opportunities for both sexes simultaneously in order to understand one of the fundamental decisions in parental care evolution—care or desert