75 research outputs found
Physical activity recommendations for early childhood: an international analysis of ten different countriesâ current national physical activity policies and practices for those under the age of 5
During the last two decades there have been growing interests on recommendations for childrenâs physical
activity. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the first global international recommendations for
children in 2010, focusing on children and youth aged 5-17 year olds. The recommendations were based on the
dose-response relationship between the frequency, duration, intensity, type and amount of physical activity needed
for prevention of non-communicable diseases. There remains however, at time of writing, (2019) a gap in the
recommendations, as the WHO did not offer global recommendations for those children under the age of 5 (early
years).
An international policy and practice analysis, (not previously undertaken), of ten sample countries, was completed
of current national physical activity practices. Also an international comparison of early yearsâ education settings
were examined, specifically for those under the age of 5, to investigate current curricula, as well as the
qualifications, knowledge and understanding of those supporting childrenâs learning in different cultural contexts.
The sample of ten countries (Belgium, China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, United
Kingdom and United States of America) questioned whether the global daily physical activity recommendations
(WHO, 2010) are costumed and used for to the early yearsâ age group on a national level or if they need to be
adjusted.
The analysis revealed that eight countries have developed their own national recommendations for children below
the age of 5, while only two countries do not have any early yearsâ specific physical activity recommendations.
National authorities seem to be the most common executive sources behind the recommendations. The content of
physical activity for children under the age of 5, mostly included the total amount and intensity of physical activity.
The total daily amount of physical activity in these ten countries varies between 60 minutes moderate to vigorous
intensity physical activity up to 180 min total light to moderate intensity physical activity and for some countries
the daily recommendations are only from age 1 year, not between birth and 1 year, this age range remains
unsupported.
The conclusions from the analysis of national recommendations, underlined the need to see the global
recommendations be developed for the younger age group, to support all countries. It is proposed a need for
universally new recommendations to go beyond just physical activity intensity levels and to consider how young
childrenâs development can be supported in a versatile way by physically active play. Also age specific
recommendations are offered for appropriate and purposeful physical activity to support early years and school
aged childrenâs overall development. The findings also suggest educational recommendations for staff members
of early childhood education and care settings to know appropriate and age specific recommendations to ensure
they are able to support young children to reach the national and global recommendations. Research
recommendations are also proposed
The Protective Antibodies Induced by a Novel Epitope of Human TNF-α Could Suppress the Development of Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a major inflammatory mediator that exhibits actions leading to tissue destruction and hampering recovery from damage. At present, two antibodies against human TNF-α (hTNF-α) are available, which are widely used for the clinic treatment of certain inflammatory diseases. This work was undertaken to identify a novel functional epitope of hTNF-α. We performed screening peptide library against anti-hTNF-α antibodies, ELISA and competitive ELISA to obtain the epitope of hTNF-α. The key residues of the epitope were identified by means of combinatorial alanine scanning and site-specific mutagenesis. The N terminus (80â91 aa) of hTNF-α proved to be a novel epitope (YG1). The two amino acids of YG1, proline and valine, were identified as the key residues, which were important for hTNF-α biological function. Furthermore, the function of the epitope was addressed on an animal model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA could be suppressed in an animal model by prevaccination with the derivative peptides of YG1. The antibodies of YG1 could also inhibit the cytotoxicity of hTNF-α. These results demonstrate that YG1 is a novel epitope associated with the biological function of hTNF-α and the antibodies against YG1 can inhibit the development of CIA in animal model, so it would be a potential target of new therapeutic antibodies
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Integrated Brain, Body, and Social Intervention for Children With ADHD
Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of an Integrated Brain, Body, and Social (IBBS) intervention for children with ADHD. Treatment consisted of computerized cognitive remediation training, physical exercises, and a behavior management strategy.
Method: Ninety-two children aged 5 to 9 years with ADHD were randomly assigned to 15 weeks of IBBS or to treatment-as-usual. Primary outcome measures included blinded clinician ratings of ADHD symptoms and global clinical functioning. Secondary outcome measures consisted of parent and teacher ratings of ADHD and neurocognitive tests.
Results: No significant treatment effects were found on any of our primary outcome measures. In terms of secondary outcome measures, the IBBS group showed significant improvement on a verbal working memory task; however, this result did not survive correction for multiple group comparisons.
Conclusion: These results suggest that expanding cognitive training to multiple domains by means of two training modalities does not lead to generalized improvement of ADHD symptomatology
Serologic Survey of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, Guangxi Province, China
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Physical play - How do we inspire and motivate young children to be physically active through play? An international analysis of twelve countriesâ national early years curriculum policies and practices for physical activity and physical play
Lifelong movement and physical activity (PA) patterns develop during early childhood. Therefore, educators (teachers and practitioners) in early childhood education and care (ECEC) should provide opportunities to support childrenâs play, PA, and movement development. The World Health Organization (2019) offers new recommendations for PA, for children under five years. The guidelines do not specify the ways ECEC staff can support PA through play. Therefore, this paper investigates, how physical play (PP) is enacted globally. An international policy and practice analysis of twelve countries, (Australia [Victoria], Belgium [Flanders], Canada [Alberta], China, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK [England] and USA) was completed by analyzing the ECEC curricula and their implementation in different cultural contexts. A content analysis was undertaken by AIESEP Early Years SIG experts revealing that PP was not clearly defined. When defined, it was described as PA, and important for childrenâs holistic development. The majority of curricula did not state the length/time for PP. Three main strategies for implementing PP were found: a) pedagogical framework; b) active learning methods; and c) motor development. This international analysis highlights the global need for better ECEC staff support in acknowledging and implementing PP to aid childrenâs overall development, PA and wellbeing
Holding up more than half the sky Women, elite sport and society in New China
Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN064232 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
Recent Developments of Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes: A Review
Membrane-based separation technology has attracted great interest in many separation fields due to its advantages of easy-operation, energy-efficiency, easy scale-up, and environmental friendliness. The development of novel membrane materials and membrane structures is an urgent demand to promote membrane-based separation technology. Graphene oxide (GO), as an emerging star nano-building material, has showed great potential in the membrane-based separation field. In this review paper, the latest research progress in GO-based membranes focused on adjusting membrane structure and enhancing their mechanical strength as well as structural stability in aqueous environment is highlighted and discussed in detail. First, we briefly reviewed the preparation and characterization of GO. Then, the preparation method, characterization, and type of GO-based membrane are summarized. Finally, the advancements of GO-based membrane in adjusting membrane structure and enhancing their mechanical strength, as well as structural stability in aqueous environment, are particularly discussed. This review hopefully provides a new avenue for the innovative developments of GO-based membrane in various membrane applications
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