Recent advances in 2D heterostructures as advanced electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries

Owing to the cost-effectiveness, Earth abundance, and suitable redox potential, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) stand out as one of the best candidates for large-scale energy storage systems. However, the large radius of K+ and the unsatisfied specific capacity are the main challenges for their commercial applications. To address these challenges, constructing heterostructures by selecting and integrating 2D materials as host and other materials as guest are proposed as an emerging strategy to obtain electrode materials with high capacity and long lifespan, thus improving the energy storage capability of PIBs. Recently, numerous studies are devoted to developing 2D-based heterostructures as electrode materials for PIBs, and significant progress is achieved. However, there is a lack of a review article for systematically summarizing the recent advances and profoundly understanding the relationship between heterostructure electrodes and their performance. In this sense, it is essential to outline the promising advanced features, to summarize the electrochemical properties and performances, and to discuss future research focuses about 2D-based heterostructures in PIBs

Pathologic complete response of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach after chemo-immunotherapy: A rare case report and literature review

BackgroundHepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is a highly malignant subtype of gastric carcinoma with specific clinicopathological features and extremely poor prognosis. We present an exceedingly rare case of complete response after chemo-immunotherapy.Case DescriptionA 48-year-old woman with highly elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was found to have HAS verified by pathological examination based on gastroscopy. Computed tomography scan was done and TNM staging of the tumor was T4aN3aMx. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry was performed, revealing a negative PD-L1 expression. Chemo-immunotherapy including oxaliplatin plus S-1 and PD-1 inhibitor terelizumab was given to this patient for 2 months until the serum AFP level decreased from 748.5 to 12.9 ng/mL and the tumor shrank. D2 radical gastrectomy was then performed and histopathology of the resected specimen revealed that the cancerous cells had disappeared. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved and no evidence of recurrence has been found after 1 year of follow-up.ConclusionsWe, for the first time, reported an HAS patient with negative PD-L1 expression who achieved pCR from the combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Although no consensus has been reached regarding the therapy, it might provide a potential effective management strategy for HAS patient

Efficient organic solar cells enabled by simple non-fused electron donors with low synthetic complexity

Abstract Fused‐ring electron donors boost the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs), but they suffer from high cost and low yield for their large synthetic complexity (SC > 30%). Herein, the authors develop a series of simple non‐fused‐ring electron donors, PF1 and PF2, which alternately consist of furan‐3‐carboxylate and 2,2′‐bithiophene. Note that PF1 and PF2 present very small SC of 9.7% for their inexpensive raw materials, facile synthesis, and high synthetic yield. Compared to their all‐thiophene‐backbone counterpart PT‐E, two new polymers feature larger conjugated plane, resulting in higher hole mobility for them, especially a value up to ≈10 −4 cm 2 V −1 ·s for PF2 with longer alkyl side chain. Meanwhile, PF1 and PF2 exhibit larger dielectric constant and deeper electronic energy level versus PT‐E. Benefiting from the better physicochemical properties, the efficiencies of PF1‐ and PF2‐based devices are improved by ≈16.7% and ≈71.3% relative to that PT‐E‐based devices, respectively. Furthermore, the optimized PF2‐based devices with introducing PC 71 BM as the third component deliver a higher efficiency of 12.40%. The work not only indicates that furan‐3‐carboxylate is a simple yet efficient building block for constructing non‐fused‐ring polymers but also provides a promising electron donor PF2 for the low‐cost production of OSCs.A simple structure non‐fused‐ring electron donor PF2 alternately consisting of furan‐3‐carboxylate and 2,2′‐bithiophene presents very small synthetic complexity of 9.7% as well as low material cost of ≈19.0 $ g −1 . More importantly, PF2 delivers a high efficiency of 12.4% coupled with strong operational stability. imag

The Impact of Dietary Knowledge on Health: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Promoting a healthy diet through education is part of the Healthy China 2030 action plan. However, studies examining how dietary knowledge affects public health in China are sparse. This study employs multiple waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data to examine the impacts of dietary knowledge on Chinese adults’ health, with a particular emphasis on how the impacts of dietary knowledge vary across different demographic groups. Moreover, we contribute to the literature by incorporating the spouse’s dietary knowledge into the analysis framework to inspect the relationship between a spouse’s dietary knowledge and an individual’s health. Our results indicate that dietary knowledge significantly improves an individual’s health status. However, there is no evidence that an individual’s health is influenced by his/her spouse’s dietary knowledge. Moreover, we find that individuals with a lower level of education and rural residents benefit more from increasing dietary knowledge. Policy implications of this study are also discussed

Projected Global Fertilizers Consumption Datasets during 2020-2100 under SSP scenarios

Comprehensively predicting global fertilizer consumption in the future is essential for providing critical datasets in related fields such as earth system simulation, the fertilizer industry, and agricultural sciences. However, the absence of a reasonable fertilizer consumption prediction approach causes a scarcity in large-scale and long-time series fertilization datasets. Here, we produced a grid (5′×5′) global fertilizers (including N, P, and K fertilizers) consumption datasets from 2020 to 2100 under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios, using an ensemble machine learning (EML) approach with six algorithms including multiple linear regression (MLR), decision trees (DT), auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF) and random forests (RFs). Based on national fertilizer consumption (1961-2015), a long-time series of global historical fertilizer consumption datasets, the proposed EML approach was well-trained and the prediction models have been carefully validated with satisfactory accuracy. It indicates that the proposed EML approach provides a rational and reliable framework for fertilizer consumption prediction that stably outperforms the single algorithms with relatively high accuracy (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.86 and mean absolute percentage error of 11.2%). We found that global N and P fertilizer consumption may decrease from 2020 to 2100, while K fertilizer may buck the trend. N fertilizer consumption showed a declining trend of -1%, -17.13%, and -3.43% under the SSP1, SSP2, and SSP3 scenarios in 2100, respectively. For P fertilizer, those were -0.68%, -9.68%, and -2.03%. In contrast, global K fertilizer consumption may increase by 18.03%, 9.18%, and 6.74%, respectively. On average, N, P, and K fertilizer consumption is highest in China, and the lowest is in Kazakhstan. However, the hotspots of N fertilizer consumption may shift from China to Latin America and the Caribbean. We argue that the Projected Global Fertilizers Consumption Datasets are a valuable complement to currently available products. These datasets are expected not only to allow us to better understand the dynamics and distribution of global fertilizer consumption under different socioeconomic development paths in the future but also to provide support for relevant research. Such as but not limited to earth system simulation, the fertilizer industry, and agricultural sciences. Projected Global Fertilizers Consumption Datasets are stored in a zip package, that is PGFCD.rar. This package consists of 3 folders (N_fer, P_fer, and K_fer) and 1 file (Global Fertilizer Consumption (2020-2100).xlsx) once unzipped. Among them, Global Fertilizer Consumption (2020-2100).xlsx is the table of global fertilizers consumption projection for different countries and regions under SSP1, 2, and 3 scenarios 2020-2100. The folder of N_fer, P_fer, and K_fer contains the gridded global fertilizer consumption including the prediction of N, P, and K fertilizer under SSP1, 2, and 3 scenarios for every 10 years from 2020 to 2100, respectively. Each folder contains 27 GeoTIFF files, namely there are a total of 81 GeoTIFF files in the Gridded global fertilizers consumption projection datasets. Each GeoTIFF file is named as [Fertilizer type]_fer_con_[SSP scenario]_[year].tif. For example, K_fer_con_SSP1_2020.tif is the gridded global K fertilizer consumption projection for different countries and regions under the SSP1 scenario in 2020. The rest *.tif files can be recognized in the same way

Effects of Forest Gaps on <i>Abies faxoniana</i> Rehd. Leaf Litter Mass Loss and Carbon Release along an Elevation Gradient in a Subalpine Forest

Changes in the microenvironment induced by forest gaps may affect litter decomposition, yet it is unclear how the gap effects respond to altitudinal and seasonal differences. Here, a four-year litterbag decomposition experiment along an elevation gradient (3000, 3300, 3600 m) was conducted in an Abies faxoniana Rehd. subalpine forest of southwestern China, to assess the potential seasonal effects of forest gaps (large: ≈250 m2, middle: ≈125 m2, small: ≈40 m2 vs. closed canopy) on litter mass loss and carbon release at different elevations. We found that the A. faxoniana litter mass loss and carbon release reached 50~53 and 58~64% after four years of decomposition, respectively. Non-growing seasons (November to April) had a greater decline than the growing seasons (May to October). Litter in the forest gaps exhibited significantly higher mass loss than that under the closed canopy, and the decomposition constant (k) exhibited a gradually declining trend from large gaps, middle gaps, small gaps to closed canopy. Moreover, more significant differences of gap on both carbon content and release were observed at the 3600 m site than the other two elevations. Our findings indicate that (i) a rather high mass loss and carbon release during the decomposition of A. faxoniana litter was observed at high elevations of the subalpine forest subjected to low temperatures in the non-growing seasons and (ii) there were stimulative effects of forest gaps on litter mass loss and carbon release in early decomposition, especially in the non-growing seasons, driven by fewer freeze–thaw cycles when compared to the closed canopy, which diminished at the end of the experiment. The results will provide crucial ecological data for further understanding how opening gaps as a main regeneration method would induce changes in carbon cycling in subalpine forest ecosystems

One Case about Primary Mediastinal Primary Mediastinal Tumor with Mediastinal Sarcoma and Literature Review

Primary mediastinal seminoma is a kind of germ cell malignancy outside the gonads, and it’s rarer with sarcoma component. This disease which has no special clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics is difficult to identify with other mediastinal tumors and mediastinal type lung cancer. This paper reported a case of primary mediastinal seminoma with mediastinal sarcoma. Through the analysis of the diagnosis and treatment process in this patient, we will make a comprehensive review of the disease

Polyimide@Ketjenblack composite: a porous organic cathode for fast rechargeable potassium-ion batteries

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) configurated by organic electrodes have been identified as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Here, a porous organic Polyimide@Ketjenblack is demonstrated in PIBs as a cathode, which exhibits excellent performance with a large reversible capacity (143 mAh g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1), high rate capability (125 and 105 mAh g^-1 at 1000 and 5000 mA g^-1), and long cycling stability (76% capacity retention at 2000 mA g^-1 over 1000 cycles). The domination of fast capacitive-like reaction kinetics is verified, which benefits from the porous structure synthesized using in situ polymerization. Moreover, a renewable and low-cost full cell is demonstrated with superior rate behavior (106 mAh g^-1 at 3200 mA g^-1). This work proposes a strategy to design polymer electrodes for high-performance organic PIBs