Prevención de enfermedades y de la muerte de terneros doble propósito del trópico bajo Colombiano

Las enfermedades y la muerte de terneros ocasionan grandes pérdidas económicas en la industria ganadera de todo el mundo. En los estados unidos en el año 1991 murieron 2.786.300 cabezas de terneros para carne, ocasionando pérdidas por 976 millones de dólares. Los estudios de seguimiento en las empresas de los ganaderos demuestran que la muerte de los terneros produjo pérdidas de $314 por cada vaca durante un año.Ganado de doble propósito-Ganaderia doble proposit

Use of NWCSAF NWC/GEO Software Package with MSG, HIMAWARI-8/9 and GOES-13/16 Satellites

Ponencias presentadas en: Joint EUMETSAT/AMS/NOAA Conference 2019 celebrada en Boston del 30 de septiembre al 4 de octubre de 2019

Impact of flu on hospital admissions during 4 flu seasons in Spain, 2000–2004

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Seasonal flu epidemics in the European region cause high numbers of cases and deaths. Flu-associated mortality has been estimated but morbidity studies are necessary to understand the burden of disease in the population. Our objective was to estimate the excess hospital admissions in Spain of diseases associated with influenza during four epidemic influenza periods (2000 – 2004).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Hospital discharge registers containing pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, heart failure and flu from all public hospitals in Spain were reviewed for the years 2000 to 2004. Epidemic periods were defined by data from the Sentinel Surveillance System. Excess hospitalisations were calculated as the difference between the average number of weekly hospitalisations/100,000 in epidemic and non-epidemic periods. Flu epidemics were defined for seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A(H3N2) was the dominant circulating serotype in 2001/2002 and 2003/2004. Negligible excess hospitalisations were observed during the 2002/2003 epidemic where A(H1N1) was circulating. During 2000/2001, flu activity remained below threshold levels and therefore no epidemic period was defined. In two epidemic periods studied a delay between the peak of the influenza epidemic and the peak of hospitalisations was observed. During flu epidemics with A(H3N2), excess hospitalisations were higher in men and in persons <5 and >64 years higher than 10 per 100,000. Pneumonia accounted for 70% of all flu associated hospitalisations followed by chronic bronchitis. No excess flu-specific hospitalisations were recorded during all seasons.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Flu epidemics have an impact on hospital morbidity in Spain. Further studies that include other variables, such as temperature and humidity, are necessary and will deepen our understanding of the role of each factor during flu epidemics and their relation with morbidity.</p

Anti tumor necrosis factor therapy in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A partir del beneficio observado en adultos con artritis reumatoide tratados con antagonistas del factor de necrosis tumoral, ha habido un interés creciente en expandir su utilización a los niños. Sin embargo, diversas condiciones propias de la reumatología pediátrica determinan que la evidencia disponible sea escasa o de un bajo nivel de calidad. Fruto de la revisión crítica de la literatura y de una reunión de consenso, se presenta una Guía de Práctica Clínica, cuyo propósito es ofrecer recomendaciones que orienten el uso racional de estos medicamentos.From benefits observed in adults suffering rheumatoid arthritis treated with antagonists of tumoral necrosis factor, there was a growing interest about its use in children. However several conditions pertaining to pediatric rheumatology determine that available evidence be poor or of low quality. As a result of a critical review of the literature and after a consensus meeting a Practical Clinical Guide is presented: its purpose consist in offering recommendations for the rational use of these medications

Anti tumor necrosis factor therapy in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A partir del beneficio observado en adultos con artritis reumatoide tratados con antagonistas del factor de necrosis tumoral, ha habido un interés creciente en expandir su utilización a los niños. Sin embargo, diversas condiciones propias de la reumatología pediátrica determinan que la evidencia disponible sea escasa o de un bajo nivel de calidad. Fruto de la revisión crítica de la literatura y de una reunión de consenso, se presenta una Guía de Práctica Clínica, cuyo propósito es ofrecer recomendaciones que orienten el uso racional de estos medicamentos.From benefits observed in adults suffering rheumatoid arthritis treated with antagonists of tumoral necrosis factor, there was a growing interest about its use in children. However several conditions pertaining to pediatric rheumatology determine that available evidence be poor or of low quality. As a result of a critical review of the literature and after a consensus meeting a Practical Clinical Guide is presented: its purpose consist in offering recommendations for the rational use of these medications

Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage

The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.</p

Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage

The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective

Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention

Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin would be more effective than aspirin alone for secondary cardiovascular prevention. METHODS: In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 27,395 participants with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. The study was stopped for superiority of the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group after a mean follow-up of 23 months. RESULTS: The primary outcome occurred in fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group than in the aspirin-alone group (379 patients [4.1%] vs. 496 patients [5.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.86; P<0.001; z=−4.126), but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group (288 patients [3.1%] vs. 170 patients [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.05; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in intracranial or fatal bleeding between these two groups. There were 313 deaths (3.4%) in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group as compared with 378 (4.1%) in the aspirin-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01; threshold P value for significance, 0.0025). The primary outcome did not occur in significantly fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group than in the aspirin-alone group, but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, those assigned to rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin had better cardiovascular outcomes and more major bleeding events than those assigned to aspirin alone. Rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily) alone did not result in better cardiovascular outcomes than aspirin alone and resulted in more major bleeding events