Inégalités sociales de mortalité au-delà de 65 ans. Le cas de la Belgique

RésuméLes inégalités sociales de mortalité au-delà de 65 ans sont une problématique importante dans le contexte actuel de vieillissement de la population, d’augmentation de l’espérance de vie et de politiques visant à augmenter l’âge légal de départ à la retraite. Cet article pose trois questions : les inégalités sociales face à la mort, très présentes aux âges actifs, se maintiennent-elles durant la vieillesse ? Comment ont-elles évolué au cours de ces dernières décennies ? Quel est le rôle de l’état de santé sur le différentiel social de mortalité aux âges élevés ? Nous utiliserons une base de données appariant les informations du Registre national (1991-2016) avec celles des recensements de la population de 1991, 2001 et 2011. Des tables de mortalité par groupe social et état de santé subjectif ont été calculées et nous aurons aussi recours à des modèles de régression logistique. Les résultats montrent qu’au-delà de 65 ans, les inégalités sociales face à la mort sont importantes et ont même augmenté aux cours des 25 dernières années. En contrôlant l’état de santé, des différences de mortalité subsistent entre les groupes sociaux mais varient en importance en fonction du gradient social. Les plus âgés doivent donc faire l’objet d’une attention particulière, non seulement parce qu’il s’agit d’une population intrinsèquement plus fragile mais aussi parce que leurs effectifs croissent. Il s’agit là d’un défi actuel et futur majeur de santé publique.AbstractSocial inequalities in mortality beyond the age of 65 are an important issue in the current context of population ageing, increased life expectancy and policies aimed at extending the legal retirement age. This article asks three questions: do social inequalities in the face of death, which are very present at working ages, continue in old age? How have they evolved over the last few decades? What is the role of health status on the social differential in mortality at advanced ages? We will use a database matching information from the National Register (1991-2016) with information from the 1991, 2001 and 2011 population censuses. Mortality tables by social group and subjective health status have been calculated. We also use logistic regression models. The results show that social inequalities in the face of death beyond the age of 65 are significant and have even increased over the last 25 years. Controlling for health status, mortality differences remain between social groups but vary in magnitude along the social gradient. The elderly therefore need specialattention, not only because they are an inherently more fragile population, but also because their numbers are increasing. This is a major current and future public health challenge.

First Ranking of Argentine multinationals finds diversified successes in internationalization

ProsperAr, Argentina’s Investment Development Agency, and the Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment (VCC), a joint undertaking of Columbia Law School and The Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York, are releasing the results of the first ever survey of outward investors. The survey is part of a long-term study of the rapid global expansion of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging markets. The results released today focus on Argentine MNEs in particular. The present survey, conducted in 2009, covers the period 2006-2008

Polysaccharide utilization loci and nutritional specialization in a dominant group of butyrate-producing human colonic Firmicutes

Acknowledgements The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (University of Aberdeen) receives financial support from the Scottish Government Rural and Environmental Sciences and Analytical Services (RESAS). POS is a PhD student supported by the Scottish Government (RESAS) and the Science Foundation Ireland, through a centre award to the APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland. Data Summary The high-quality draft genomes generated in this work were deposited at the European Nucleotide Archive under the following accession numbers: 1. Eubacterium rectale T1-815; CVRQ01000001–CVRQ0100 0090: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9320 2. Roseburia faecis M72/1; CVRR01000001–CVRR010001 01: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9321 3. Roseburia inulinivorans L1-83; CVRS01000001–CVRS0 100 0151: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9322Peer reviewedPublisher PD

An overview on extremity dosimetry in medical applications

Some activities of EURADOS Working Group 9 (WG9) are presently funded by the European Commission (CONRAD project). The objective of WG9 is to promote and co-ordinate research activities for the assessment of occupational exposures to staff at workplaces in interventional radiology (IR) and nuclear medicine. For some of these applications, the skin of the fingers is the limiting organ for individual monitoring of external radiation. Therefore, sub-group 1 of WG9 deals with the use of extremity dosemeters in medical radiation fields. The wide variety of radiation field characteristics present in a medical environment together with the difficulties in measuring a local dose that is representative for the maximum skin dose, usually with one single detector, makes it difficult to perform accurate extremity dosimetry. Sub-group 1 worked out a thorough literature review on extremity dosimetry issues in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine and positron emission tomography, interventional radiology and interventional cardiology and brachytherapy. Some studies showed that the annual dose limits could be exceeded if the required protection measures are not taken, especially in nuclear medicine. The continuous progress in new applications and techniques requires an important effort in radiation protection and trainin

Ruminococcal cellulosome systems from rumen to human

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. The authors appreciate the kind assistance of Miriam Lerner (ImmunArray Ltd. Company, Rehovot, Israel) with experiments involving the MicroGrid II arrayer. This research was supported by a grant (No. 1349) to EAB also from the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) and a grant (No. 24/11) issued to RL by The Sidney E. Frank Foundation also through the ISF. Additional support was obtained from the establishment of an Israeli Center of Research Excellence (I-CORE Center No. 152/11) managed by the Israel Science Foundation, from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel, by the Weizmann Institute of Science Alternative Energy Research Initiative (AERI) and the Helmsley Foundation. The authors also appreciate the support of the European Union, Area NMP.2013.1.1-2: Self-assembly of naturally occurring nanosystems: CellulosomePlus Project number: 604530 and an ERA-IB Consortium (EIB.12.022), acronym FiberFuel. HF and SHD acknowledge support from the Scottish Government Food Land and People programme and from BBSRC grant no. BB/L009951/1. In addition, EAB is grateful for a grant from the F. Warren Hellman Grant for Alternative Energy Research in Israel in support of alternative energy research in Israel administered by the Israel Strategic Alternative Energy Foundation (I-SAEF). E.A.B. is the incumbent of The Maynard I. and Elaine Wishner Chair of Bio-organic ChemistryPeer reviewedPostprin

An overview of the use of extremity dosemeters in some European countries for medical applications

Some medical applications are associated with high doses to the extremities of the staff exposed to ionising radiation. At workplaces in nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, interventional cardiology and brachytherapy, extremities can be the limiting organs as far as regulatory dose limits for workers are concerned. However, although the need for routine extremity monitoring is clear for these applications, no data about the status of routine extremity monitoring reported by different countries was collected and analysed so far, at least at a European level. In this article, data collected from seven European countries are presented. They are compared with extremity doses extracted from dedicated studies published in the literature which were reviewed in a previous publication. The analysis shows that dedicated studies lead to extremity doses significantly higher than the reported doses, suggesting that either the most exposed workers are not monitored, or the dosemeters are not routinely worn or not worn at appropriate position

Three-centre cluster structure in 11C and 11B

Studies of the 16O(9Be,alpha 7Be)14C, 7Li(9Be,alpha 7Li)5He and 7Li(9Be,alpha alpha t)5He reactions at E(beam)=70 and 55 MeV have been performed using resonant particle spectroscopy techniques. The 11C excited states decaying into alpha+7Be(gs) are observed between 8.5 and 13.5 MeV. The alpha+7Li(gs), alpha+7Li*(4.652 MeV) and t+8Be(gs) decays of 11B excited states between 9 and 19 MeV are observed. The decay processes are used to indicate the possible three-centre 2alpha+3He (2alpha+3H) cluster structure of observed states. This cluster structure is more prominent in the positive-parity states, where two rotational bands with large deformations are suggested. Excitations of some of the observed T=1/2 resonances coincide with the energies of previously measured T=3/2 isobaric analogs of the 11Be states,indicating that these states may have mixed isospin.Comment: Contribution for the proceedings of the NUSTAR'05: NUclear STructure, Astrophysics and Reactions, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; accepted for publication in Journal of Physics