Effects of cursor freeze time on the performance of older adult users on mouse-related tasks

This study determines the optimum range of cursor freeze time (CFT) for basic target acquisition tasks. The effect of five levels of CFT was measured on double-clicking, clicking, and drag-and-drop operations, along with the inconvenience perceived by users at these levels. Older adult users find these standard mouse operations challenging because of slipping and accidental cursor movement. In this study, 24 older adult participants (13 males and 11 females) performed the abovementioned tasks repeatedly across five levels of CFT (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 ms) and rated their perceived inconvenience at each level. CFT was found to have a significant effect on the three basic target acquisition tasks as well as the inconvenience perceived by participants. Performance on the drag-and-drop task was negatively influenced when the CFT was increased from 600 to 800 ms. The analysis suggests that a CFT of 200-400 ms is the optimum range for improved performance on the tasks

Serum biochemical data and hematology of gnotobiotic piglets used in this study.

<p>Serum biochemical data and hematology of gnotobiotic piglets used in this study.</p

Accumulated counts of oocyst excretion in feces of TU502-challenged piglets treated with either, AZR, NTZ or AZR+NTZ, as compared with an untreated infected group.

<p>There was a notable contrasting in the level of oocyst excretion between days 1–5 (A) and day 6–10 (B) of treatment, as shown with box-and-whiskers plot (min to max). Mann-Whitney test was conducted using GraphPad Prism 7.01. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.</p

Gaining of body weight after drug treatment for <i>C</i>. <i>hominis</i>-infected piglets.

<p>Gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated orally with C. hominis oocysts two days after birth and treated with AZR, NTZ, or combined AZR and NTZ three days post challenge. Body weight was measured daily. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was conducted using Graphpad Prism 7.01. * p<0.05. <i>C</i>. <i>hominis</i> TU502-infected group (n = 7, closed circle ●); TU502-infected, AZR-treated group (n = 3, closed squire ■); TU502-infected, NTZ-treated group (n = 3, closed triangle ▲). The partial measurement from a piglet, which was dead on day 8 post NTZ treatment were included; TU502-infected, AZR+NTZ-treated group (n = 7, closed rhombus ◆); Uninfected, AZR+NTZ treated group (n = 3, open rhombus ◇); and untreated control group (n = 2, open circle ○). The <i>C</i>. <i>hominis</i> TU502-infected group and untreated control group already shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185906#pone.0185906.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> were added for comparison. The measurement of body weight from experiment I, II, and III was excluded due to the inaccuracy of scale.</p

Concentration of AZR and NTZ, plus metabolites TIZ and TIZ-glucuronide in sera and rectal swabs.

<p>Concentration of AZR and NTZ, plus metabolites TIZ and TIZ-glucuronide in sera and rectal swabs.</p

The oocyst excretion pattern, intensity of diarrhea and body weight gains of the GB piglets orally challenged with TU502 oocysts.

<p>(A) Daily oocyst shedding (means ± SEM) in feces. The rectal swabs were processed and counted in 30 microscopic fields under 1,000x magnificent. (B) Daily diarrhea scores (means ± SEM) observed in piglets. Symptoms were monitored and scored daily by 2 individuals; diarrhea was scored from 0 to 4 (0 –no diarrhea; 1 –brown, grey, soft stool, mild diarrhea; 2 –brown yellow, mucoid, mild to moderate diarrhea; 3 –yellow, mucoid to watery, moderate diarrhea; 4 –white to yellow, watery, severe diarrhea). Two-way ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparisons test was performed using GraphPad Prism 7.01. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ****p<0.0001. TU502-infected group (n = 10, closed circle ●); Uninfected control (n = 4, open circle ○). Loose feces in uninfected animals, attributed to the milk diet, are often observed.</p