Correctie van de melkgift van koeien voor verschillen in leeftijd, seizoen en lactatiestadium

To correct milk records for differences due to age and season of calving, the milk records of 4000 cows, with lactation length of 290-320 days, were analysed. The magnitude of the influences of age, season and herd on test-day, cumulative and lactation yield were determined. There was no interaction between age and season. The age effect on test-day yield explained 47% of the total sum of squares at 30 days and decreased to 5% at 270 days. The effect of age on lactation yield was 39%. The influence of season was about 0.5% at 30 days and 8.5% at 270 days. Herd effect was 25% on lactation yield and increased from 15 to 31% on test-day yield.To standardize lactation and test-day yield, correction factors for age and season were tested with an independent sample of 2000 records. There were no differences whether lactation yield was corrected for season by additive or multiplication factors. For test-day yield additive factors had some advantage. Age differences can be corrected with multiplication factors over herd levels (in spite of a interaction between age and herd level).Test-day yields have to be standardized for stage of lactation by multiplication factors within herd level.Factors to be used for extrapolation of current lactations were calculated within subclass of age and season; three methods of extrapolation were tested in sample of 2000 records. The method with regression of remainder of lactation on last test-day yield had the smallest absolute difference and the highest correlation coefficient between estimated and calculated lactation yield. In practice the extrapolation parameters have to be calculated within subclass of age, season and herd level.Data of incomplete records were analysed. The length of the records was related to the season of calving. The peak yield was positively related to the length of the records and the test-day yield for records with less than about 200 days decreased faster than for complete records.</p

De NBV en de neonicotinoïden

Standpunt van de Nederlandse BijenhoudersVereniging (NBV) over het gebruik van neonicotinoiden in de land- en tuinbouw

First report of the study group on standards in AI bull evaluation

International audienc

Multibreed selection indices for dairy cattle

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Problems in cow evaluation and current use of cow index report of a working group on cow evaluation

International audienc

The Beneficial Effects of Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter Inactivation Depend on Dietary Fat Composition

Scope The apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT, SLC10A2) is important in the enterohepatic cycling of bile acids and thereby in the intestinal absorption of lipids. ASBT inhibition has been shown to improve aspects of the metabolic syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. Here, the effect of ASBT inhibition on the uptake of specific fatty acids and its consequences for diet‐induced obesity and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are investigated. Methods Intestinal fat absorption is determined in mice receiving an ASBT inhibitor and in Asbt−/− mice. Metabolic disease development is determined in Asbt−/− mice receiving a low‐fat control diet (LFD) or high‐fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or PUFAs. Results Both ASBT inhibition and Asbt gene inactivation reduce total fat absorption, particularly of SFAs. Asbt gene inactivation lowers bodyweight gain, improves insulin sensitivity, and decreases the NAFLD activity score upon feeding a HFD rich in SFAs, but not in PUFAs. Conclusions The beneficial metabolic effects of ASBT inactivation on diet‐induced obesity depend on decreased intestinal absorption of SFAs, and thus on the dietary fatty acid composition. These findings highlight the importance of dietary fatty acid composition in the therapeutic effects of ASBT inhibition

NF-kappa B p65 serine 467 phosphorylation sensitizes mice to weight gain and TNF alpha-or diet-induced inflammation

The NF-kappa B family of transcription factors is essential for an effective immune response, but also controls cell metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis. Its broad relevance and the high connectivity to diverse signaling pathways require a tight control of NF-kappa B activity. To investigate the control of NF-kappa B activity by phosphorylation of the NF-kappa B p65 subunit, we generated a knock-in mouse model in which serine 467 (the mouse homolog of human p65 serine 468) was replaced with a non-phosphorylatable alanine (S467A). This substitution caused reduced p65 protein synthesis and diminished TNF alpha-induced expression of a selected group of NF-kappa B dependent genes. Intriguingly, high-fat fed S467A mice displayed increased locomotor activity and energy expenditure, which coincided with a reduced body weight gain. Although glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity was not improved, diet-induced liver inflammation was diminished in S467A mice. Altogether, this study demonstrates that phosphorylation of p65 serine 467 augment NF-kappa B activity and exacerbates various deleterious effects of overnutrition in mice.</p

Effectiveness of trigger point dry needling for plantar heel pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Plantar heel pain (plantar fasciitis) is a common and disabling condition, which has a detrimental impact on health-related quality of life. Despite the high prevalence of plantar heel pain, the optimal treatment for this disorder remains unclear. Consequently, an alternative therapy such as dry needling is increasingly being used as an adjunctive treatment by health practitioners. Only two trials have investigated the effectiveness of dry needling for plantar heel pain, however both trials were of a low methodological quality. This manuscript describes the design of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling for plantar heel pain.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Eighty community-dwelling men and woman aged over 18 years with plantar heel pain (who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria) will be recruited. Eligible participants with plantar heel pain will be randomised to receive either one of two interventions, (i) real dry needling or (ii) sham dry needling. The protocol (including needling details and treatment regimen) was formulated by general consensus (using the Delphi research method) using 30 experts worldwide that commonly use dry needling for plantar heel pain. Primary outcome measures will be the pain subscale of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire and "first step" pain as measured on a visual analogue scale. The secondary outcome measures will be health related quality of life (assessed using the Short Form-36 questionnaire - Version Two) and depression, anxiety and stress (assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - short version). Primary outcome measures will be performed at baseline, 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks and secondary outcome measures will be performed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Data will be analysed using the intention to treat principle.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study is the first randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling for plantar heel pain. The trial will be reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture guidelines. The findings from this trial will provide evidence for the effectiveness of trigger point dry needling for plantar heel pain.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Australian New Zealand 'Clinical Trials Registry'. <a href="http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12610000611022.aspx">ACTRN12610000611022</a>.</p