Prostate telocytes change their phenotype in response to castration or testosterone replacement

Telocytes are CD34-positive cells with a fusiform cell body and long, thin cytoplasmic projections called telopodes. These cells were detected in the stroma of various organs, including the prostate. The prostate is a complex gland capable of undergoing involution due to low testosterone levels; and this condition can be reversed with testosterone replacement. Telocyte function in the mature prostate remains to be dermined, and it is not known whether telocytes can take place in tissue remodeling during prostate involution and regrowth. The present study employed structural, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical methods to investigate the telocyte's phenotypes in the ventral prostate (VP) from control (CT), castrated (CS) and testosterone replacement (TR) groups of adult male Wistar rats. Telocytes were found in the subepithelial, perimuscular and interstitical regions around glandular acini. Telocytes from CT animals have condensed chromatin and long and thin telopodes. In CS group, telocytes appeared quiescent and exhibited layers of folded up telopodes. After TR, telocytes presented loose chromatin, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and enlarged telopodes, closely associated with bundles of collagen fibrils. We called these cells "telocytes with a synthetic phenotype". As testosterone levels and glandular morphology returned toward to the CT group parameters, after 10 days ofTR, these telocytes progressively switched to the normal phenotype. Our results demonstrate that telocytes exhibit phenotypic plasticity upon androgen manipulation and interact with fibroblast and smooth muscle cells to maintain glandular architecture in control animals and during tissue remodeling after hormonal manipulation9CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP305391/2014-3; 306900/2016-5; 305840/2015-0; 310663/2018-02002/11102-4; 2014/26660-0; 2017/01063-

Intra-rater reliability of knee flexion and extension range of motion measurement through the photogrammetry method

Apesar de existirem diversos métodos para a determinação da amplitude de movimento (ADM), a baixa confiabilidade, a pouca sensibilidade, a subjetividade ou a ausência de valores do erro típico da medida (ETM) de alguns desses métodos comprometem a interpretação adequada dos resultados. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a confiabilidade intra-avaliador da medida e do método de fotogrametria para a ADM de extensão ativa e flexão passiva do joelho (FPJ), realizada no mesmo dia (consistência interna) e em dias diferentes (estabilidade). Participaram 18 sujeitos do sexo masculino (24,5±3,7 anos, 79,3±10,1 kg e 174,8±4,2 cm). Após a marcação dos pontos anatômicos de referência, a angulação dos movimentos foi registrada em fotografia, por meio da ferramenta de dimensão angular no software CorelDRAW®. A confiabilidade da medida e do instrumento foi estabelecida pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e pelo cálculo do ETM. A distribuição dos erros dos dados foi verificada pela representação gráfica de Bland e Altman. O método apresentou confiabilidade perfeita (ETM=0,01 e CCI=1,0) para ambos os movimentos. Para a confiabilidade da medida, foram encontrados os valores 0,97 e 0,93 para consistência interna e 0,96 e 0,83 para estabilidade (ETM=2,9 e 4,0%; pAlthough there are several methods for determining the range of motion (ROM), low reliability, low sensitivity, subjectivity or lack of information related to the typical error of measurement (TEM) may compromise interpretation of testing results. The aim of this study was to test the intra-rater reliability of the ROM measurement and the photogrammetry method for same day (internal consistency) and between days (stability) for knee active extension and passive flexion. Eighteen active male volunteers (24.5±3.7 years, 79.3±10.1 kg and 174.8±4.2 cm) were selected to participate in the study. After identification of anatomical landmarks used for reference, knee passive flexion and active extension were recorded by photography and then analyzed using an angular dimension tool from CorelDRAW®. The reliability of the measurement and the instrument was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and TEM. Data distribution was observed using the graphical representation of Bland e Altman. The method showed a perfect reliability (TEM=0.01 and ICC=1.0) for both extension and flexion movements. The measurement showed high reliability 0.97 and 0.93 (internal consistency) and 0.96 and 0.83 (stability) (TEM=2.9 and 4.0%,

Ozone sensitivity assessment of 'Pedro Sato' guava

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade da goiabeira 'Pedro Sato' ao ozônio (O3), em comparação à cultivar Paluma, descrita como sensível. Oito plantas de cada cultivar foram submetidas separadamente a ar filtrado e a ar filtrado + O3, cinco horas por dia, durante quatro dias. Foram avaliadas fotossíntese (Asat), injúrias foliares visíveis e concentração de antocianinas e taninos. Plantas das duas cultivares também foram expostas, durante três meses, a condições ambientais em local contaminado por O3, tendo-se avaliado fotossíntese, injúrias foliares e crescimento. Plantas fumigadas com O3 apresentaram redução de Asat e da atividade fotoquímica, além de manifestação de injúrias foliares. 'Paluma' apresentou maior redução de Asat, injúrias foliares mais severas e redução de taninos. Quando exposta ao ambiente contaminado, 'Paluma' apresentou trocas gasosas mais altas, mas apresentou redução de Asat 30 dias antes que 'Pedro Sato'. O crescimento não foi afetado em 'Pedro Sato', cujas injúrias foliares tiveram menor incidência, severidade e precocidade do que em 'Paluma'. A menor taxa de crescimento de 'Paluma' indica maior sensibilidade ao O3. Apesar de responder com menor intensidade ao estresse induzido pelo O3, a cultivar Pedro Sato não pode ser considerada tolerante, pois apresenta danos fotoquímicos, injúrias foliares e alterações nos conteúdos de metabólitos secundários quando exposta a esse poluente.The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of 'Pedro Sato' guava to ozone (O3), in comparison to the cultivar Paluma, considered sensitive. Eight plants of each cultivar were subjected separately to filtered air and filtered air + O3 five hours per day, for four days. Photosynthesis (Asat), visible foliar injuries, and concentration of anthocyanin and tannin were evaluated. Plants of both cultivars were also exposed, during three months, to environmental conditions at a site polluted by O3, and growth, photosynthesis, and injuries were evaluated. Plants fumigated with O3 showed reduction of Asat and photochemical activity, besides foliar injury expression. 'Paluma' showed greater reduction of Asat, severe foliar injury and tannin reduction. When exposed to the polluted environmental conditions, 'Paluma' had higher gas exchange, but showed Asatt decrease 30 days before 'Pedro Sato'. Growth was not affected in 'Pedro Sato', whose foliar injuries had lower incidence, severity, and precocity than in 'Paluma'. The lower growth rate of 'Paluma' indicates greater O3 sensitivity. Although the cultivar Pedro Sato responded with less intensity to ozone-induced stress, it cannot be considered tolerant, since it is susceptible to photochemical damage, foliar injuries, and alterations in secondary metabolite content when exposed to this contaminant