THE EVOLUTION OF CURATIVE TOURISM AT BORSEC

Taking into account the natural resources - mineral water springs, natural landscape - and the geographical position, the tourism in Borsec health resort should develop much faster than today. The main condition of the development of tourism is to remove the deficiencies in touristic infrastructure and a more effective use of natural resources.On the other hand the environmental protection has major importance. Since the 90s touristic flow decreases continuously, which can be explained by a lower quality of infrastructure and services. Although the curative qualities of mineral waters have been recognized they are not sufficiently used in spa therapy. The sustainable tourism is based only on the rational use of natural resources

Hierarchical levels and settlement systems in the hill region from North-Western Romania : the hills of Silvania

On the basis of the factors which characterize a settlement and influence its evolution (the category of settlement (rural or urban), all types of social-economic potential, the position within the settlement systems, the administrative function) we highlighted five hierarchical levels of settlement within the Hills of Silvania - two belonging to the urban category and three to the rural one: middle- size towns, small towns, intercommunal centres, communal centres and simple rural settlements (which include villages and hamlets). The vertical structure includes the horizontal one (in the field). Going out from the links existing between the components of the settlement network and those of the superior polarizing centres, we identified parts which belong to larger settlement systems, polarized by four country residences which include the hills of Crasna and which reveal the dominant external direction of flows formed here. The settlement system of ZalSu is the most important system within this region and it comprises subsystems centred on the four cities of Salaj Country anmd of Sarma$ag subsystem.The system polarized by Oradea comprises the south-western part, together with the Margita and Sácuieni subsystems (and a small part of Suplacu de BarcSu). The settlement system from Satu-Mare County includes TS$nad, Poiana Codrului and Colinele Codrului subsystems', the latter being directly attracted by SatuMare. The subsystem from Piemontul Codrului and Ulmeni is integrated within the settlement system polarized by Baia Mare

Transition to Landau Levels in Graphene Quantum Dots

We investigate the electronic eigenstates of graphene quantum dots of realistic size (i.e., up to 80 nm diameter) in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field B. Numerical tight-binding calculations and Coulomb-blockade measurements performed near the Dirac point exhibit the transition from the linear density of states at B=0 to the Landau level regime at high fields. Details of this transition sensitively depend on the underlying graphene lattice structure, bulk defects, and localization effects at the edges. Key to the understanding of the parametric evolution of the levels is the strength of the chiral-symmetry breaking K-K' scattering. We show that the parametric variation of the level variance provides a quantitative measure for this scattering mechanism. We perform measurements of the parametric motion of Coulomb blockade peaks as a function of magnetic field and find good agreement. We thereby demonstrate that the magnetic-field dependence of graphene energy levels may serve as a sensitive indicator for the properties of graphene quantum dots and, in further consequence, for the validity of the Dirac-picture.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, higher quality images available on reques

Experimental Method to Assess the Looseness or Compactness in Climate Changing for Several Major Cities of Hungary.

In this paper we tried to study the values of radiant temperatures (Land Surface Temperature) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for areas occupied by buildings and green spaces. The area affected by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) was also determined. Study Area, Iasi, the largest city in eastern Romania, is geographically situated on latitude 47°12'N to 47°06'N and longitude 27°32'E to 27°40'E. LST is an estimate of ground temperature and is important to identify change in environment. An important parameter in global climate change is rapid urbanization which leads to an increase in Land Surface Temperature (LST). The urban heat island (UHI) represents the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban area or metropolitan area than in the surrounding rural zones due to urbanization. It also been found that night UHI is more powerful than day. At night the LST values for SUHI varies between 24.5°C-25.9°C, and during the day between 35°C-38.7°C. With the development of remote sensing technology, it has become an important approach to urban heat island research. MODIS and Landsat data were used to estimate the LST and NDVI. From the analysis of the images it can be seen that the temperatures in SUHI are lower where there are green spaces around the buildings, and temperatures are higher in the non-UHI area, where inside or around the green spaces there are surfaces built or covered with concrete. Statistical data show very average temperatures for areas affected by UHI, 37.8°C for daytime and 24.6°C for night

Changes in Europe’s Temperature Extreme Values

In environmental researches several concerns on the evolution of temperatures. However, in the last decade we can observe intensification of extreme events, including that of temperatures. The present research investigates the evolution of extreme temperature values scaled at annual scale using frequency analysis on historical data. Three types of extreme temperatures were analyzed: annual minimum and maximum, and highest daily temperature fluctuation on annual scale. The results show both the dynamics of changes and probabilistic laws describing the extreme values, obtaining hazard related to these phenomena. We found risky evolutions in case of maximum annual temperatures, when in 55% of locations the associated hazard value was increasing for long or short time period, and in case of highest daily temperature fluctuation, when in 71% of cases the associated hazard value was increasing for long or short time period

Neolithic land-use, subsistence, and mobility patterns in Transdanubia: Amultiproxy isotope and environmental analysis from Alsónyék – Bátaszékand Mórágy – Tűzkődomb

A variety of interdisciplinary research on mobility and migration patterns in Neolithic Hungary has recently contributed to the explanatory models of the Neolithisation across Europe. Most of these models were based on a combination of the spatial distribution of material culture or bioarchaeological and genetic analyses to determine large-scale migration and social or population-dynamic development. This paper aims at contributing to the current discussion by introducing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary multivariate environmental and multiproxy strontium and oxygen isotope analyses in combination with detailed archaeological interpretation of unique Neolithic site-complexes in southern Transdanubia. The integration of historical and modern environmental attributes, bioarchaeological data, and material typology allows for the determination of small- and large-scale mobility patterns and subsistence strategies in southern Hungary.A variety of interdisciplinary research on mobility and migration patterns in Neolithic Hungary has recently contributed to the explanatory models of the Neolithisation across Europe. Most of these models were based on a combination of the spatial distribution of material culture or bioarchaeological and genetic analyses to determine large-scale migration and social or population-dynamic development. This paper aims at contributing to the current discussion by introducing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary multivariate environmental and multiproxy strontium and oxygen isotope analyses in combination with detailed archaeological interpretation of unique Neolithic site-complexes in southern Transdanubia. The integration of historical and modern environmental attributes, bioarchaeological data, and material typology allows for the determination of small- and large-scale mobility patterns and subsistence strategies in southern Hungary