From nominal to higher-order rewriting and back again

We present a translation function from nominal rewriting systems (NRSs) to combinatory reduction systems (CRSs), transforming closed nominal rules and ground nominal terms to CRSs rules and terms, respectively, while preserving the rewriting relation. We also provide a reduction-preserving translation in the other direction, from CRSs to NRSs, improving over a previously defined translation. These tools, together with existing translations between CRSs and other higher-order rewriting formalisms, open up the path for a transfer of results between higher-order and nominal rewriting. In particular, techniques and properties of the rewriting relation, such as termination, can be exported from one formalism to the other.Comment: 41 pages, journa

The challenge of detecting intracluster filaments with Faraday Rotation

The detection of filaments in the cosmic web will be crucial to distinguish between the possible magnetogenesis scenarios and future large polarization surveys will be able to shed light on their magnetization level. In this work, we use numerical simulations of galaxy clusters to investigate their possible detection. We compute the Faraday Rotation signal in intracluster filaments and compare it to its surrounding environment. We find that the expected big improvement in sensitivity with the SKA-MID will in principle allow the detection of a large fraction of filaments surrounding galaxy clusters. However, the contamination of the intrinsic Faraday Rotation of background polarized sources will represent a big limiter to the number of objects that can be significantly detected. We discuss possible strategies to minimize this effect and increase the chances of detection of the cosmic web with the large statistics expected from future surveys.Comment: 16 pages, accepted to Galaxie

Deep Neural Networks for the Recognition and Classification of Heart Murmurs Using Neuromorphic Auditory Sensors

Auscultation is one of the most used techniques for detecting cardiovascular diseases, which is one of the main causes of death in the world. Heart murmurs are the most common abnormal finding when a patient visits the physician for auscultation. These heart sounds can either be innocent, which are harmless, or abnormal, which may be a sign of a more serious heart condition. However, the accuracy rate of primary care physicians and expert cardiologists when auscultating is not good enough to avoid most of both type-I (healthy patients are sent for echocardiogram) and type-II (pathological patients are sent home without medication or treatment) errors made. In this paper, the authors present a novel convolutional neural network based tool for classifying between healthy people and pathological patients using a neuromorphic auditory sensor for FPGA that is able to decompose the audio into frequency bands in real time. For this purpose, different networks have been trained with the heart murmur information contained in heart sound recordings obtained from nine different heart sound databases sourced from multiple research groups. These samples are segmented and preprocessed using the neuromorphic auditory sensor to decompose their audio information into frequency bands and, after that, sonogram images with the same size are generated. These images have been used to train and test different convolutional neural network architectures. The best results have been obtained with a modified version of the AlexNet model, achieving 97% accuracy (specificity: 95.12%, sensitivity: 93.20%, PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2016 score: 0.9416). This tool could aid cardiologists and primary care physicians in the auscultation process, improving the decision making task and reducing type-I and type-II errors.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-77785-

NAVIS: Neuromorphic Auditory VISualizer Tool

This software presents diverse utilities to perform the first post-processing layer taking the neuromorphic auditory sensors (NAS) information. The used NAS implements in FPGA a cascade filters architecture, imitating the behavior of the basilar membrane and inner hair cells and working with the sound information decomposed into its frequency components as spike streams. The well-known neuromorphic hardware interface Address-Event-Representation (AER) is used to propagate auditory information out of the NAS, emulating the auditory vestibular nerve. Using the information packetized into aedat files, which are generated through the jAER software plus an AER to USB computer interface, NAVIS implements a set of graphs that allows to represent the auditory information as cochleograms, histograms, sonograms, etc. It can also split the auditory information into different sets depending on the activity level of the spike streams. The main contribution of this software tool is that it allows complex audio post-processing treatments and representations, which is a novelty for spike-based systems in the neuromorphic community and it will help neuromorphic engineers to build sets for training spiking neural networks (SNN).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-0

Approach to the origin of COPE: the parish radio in Seville

La irrupción de las emisoras parroquiales en Sevilla a mediados del siglo XX tuvo su importancia en la historia de Sevilla al ser las únicas que ofrecían noticias independientes, informaban con libertad política y sindical y permitían abrir nuevos horizontes, trayendo contenidos de Ámerica, al margen de difundir la importancia laica en el mundo. Este fue el origen del actual Grupo COPE, una sociedad anónima cuyo objetivo sigue siendo apostar por la difusión cultural, informativa, religiosa y social, y referente en el periodismo radifónico español. El presente escrito analiza el estado actual de este gigante mediático.The irruption of the parish stations in Seville in the middle of the twentieth century had its importance in the history of Seville being the only ones that offered independent news, informed with political and union freedom and allowed to open new horizons bringing contents of Ámerica, to the margin of diffusing the secular importance in the world. This was the origin of the current COPE Group, a limited company whose objective continues being a cultural promoter as well as the diffusion of informational, religious and social contents, and a reference in Spanish radio journalism. This writing analyzes the current state of this media giant

Dynamical evolution of magnetic fields in the intracluster medium

We investigate the evolution of magnetic fields in galaxy clusters starting from constant primordial fields using highly resolved ($\approx \rm 4 ~kpc$) cosmological MHD simulations. The magnetic fields in our sample exhibit amplification via a small-scale dynamo and compression during structure formation. In particular, we study how the spectral properties of magnetic fields are affected by mergers, and we relate the measured magnetic energy spectra to the dynamical evolution of the intracluster medium. The magnetic energy grows by a factor of $\sim$ 40-50 in a time-span of $\sim 9$ Gyr and equipartition between kinetic and magnetic energy occurs on a range of scales ($< 160 \rm ~kpc$ at all epochs) depending on the turbulence state of the system. We also find that, in general, the outer scale of the magnetic field and the MHD scale are not simply correlated in time. The effect of major mergers is to shift the peak magnetic spectra to it smaller scales, whereas the magnetic amplification only starts after $\lesssim$ 1 Gyr. In contrast, continuous minor mergers promote the steady growth of the magnetic field. We discuss the implications of these findings in the interpretation of future radio observations of galaxy clusters.Comment: Accepted in MNRAS; 16 pages, 34 figure