133 research outputs found
Dirigentas de campamento y actividad mediática: Más allá de internet
__RESUMEN__
El debate en torno al carácter activo de las audiencias
contemporáneas tiende a centrarse en las nuevas
tecnologías de comunicación y en las posibilidades
de producción de contenido que ellas ofrecen. Este
artículo propone, en cambio, atender al carácter
político de ciertas actividades mediáticas y a factores
no-tecnológicos. Específicamente, identificamos la
llamada cultura promocional como un impulso importante
para influir —y no directamente producir— los
contenidos en los medios. Ilustramos este enfoque a
través de un caso de estudio sobre la relación entre
dirigentas de campamentos y los medios de comunicación
en Chile. Estas mujeres interactúan con los
medios tradicionales, no digitales, motivadas por la
necesidad de reivindicar su imagen y promocionar
sus demandas. Argumentamos que el estudio de
las actividades de las audiencias en una sociedad
neoliberal como la chilena debe considerar que las
estrategias promocionales no son el privilegio de
ciertos grupos sociales, sino que están presentes de
un modo cada vez más generalizado en la sociedad.
__ABSTRACT__
Discussions about the active character of contemporary
audiences tend to be centered on new communication
technologies and on the possibilities of content
production offered by these technologies. This article,
in contrast, proposes that we pay attention to the
political character of certain media activities and to
non-technological factors that influence the changing
relation between audiences and media. Specifically,
we focus on promotional culture as an important
drive for activities aimed at influencing—and not
directly producing—media content. This approach is
illustrated through a case study about the relationship
between female slum community leaders and the
media in Chile. These women interact largely with
traditional rather than digital media, motivated by
the need to challenge the image of them proposed by
those media, and promote their demands. We argue
that the study of audience participation in a neoliberal
society like Chile must recognize promotional
strategies as not exclusive of certain social groups,
but as increasingly widespread throughout society
Cutaneous manifestations of spondyloarthritis
Spondyloarthritis comprises a group of inflammatory rheumatic disorders with a genetic predisposition
involving multiple genes that interact with environmental factors. The skin manifestations of
spondyloarthritis are diverse, particularly psoriatic arthritis related to the overexpression of inflammatory
cytokines such as TNF, IL-6, IL-12, IL-2 and IFN-g; this psoriatic dermatitis is a common skin feature of
spondyloarthritis. Spondyloarthritis mainly affects the spine, sacroiliac joints, ligaments and other tissues.
Psoriatic lesions are erythematous plaques covered with silvery whitish scales distributed on the scalp,
elbows, knees, trunk and gluteus creases, and the fingernails are frequently involved. Individuals with
reactive arthritis and Crohn’s disease may exhibit psoriasiform dermatitis and other manifestations including
ocular inflammation, oral ulceration, erythema nodosum and/or thrombophlebitis. In the case of reactive
arthritis, male patients may exhibit circinate balanitis and keratoderma blennorrhagica. In summary,
dermatological manifestations of spondyloarthritis represent clinical clues and a unique scenario to explore
the related pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches
Severe Cases of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Children, Germany
In a hospital-based observational study in Germany, we investigated children admitted to pediatric intensive care units and deaths caused by confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 to identify risk factors and outcomes in critically ill children. Ninety-three children were eligible for our study, including 9 with hospital-acquired infections. Seventy-five percent had underlying chronic medical conditions; neurodevelopmental disorders were most prevalent (57%). The proportion of patients having >1 risk factor increased with age in years (odds ratio 1.21, p = 0.007). Of 15 deaths, 11 occurred in a pediatric intensive care unit (case-fatality rate 12%, 95% confidence interval 6%–21%). Only 9% of the children had been vaccinated against pandemic (H1N1) 2009; all survived. Our results stress the role of underlying risk factors, especially neurodevelopmental disorders, and the need for improving preventive measures to reduce severe disease and adverse outcomes of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in children
Nowcasting pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 hospitalizations in the Netherlands
During emerging epidemics of infectious diseases, it is vital to have up-to-date information on epidemic trends, such as incidence or health care demand, because hospitals and intensive care units have limited excess capacity. However, real-time tracking of epidemics is difficult, because of the inherent delay between onset of symptoms or hospitalizations, and reporting. We propose a robust algorithm to correct for reporting delays, using the observed distribution of reporting delays. We apply the algorithm to pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 hospitalizations as reported in the Netherlands. We show that the proposed algorithm is able to provide unbiased predictions of the actual number of hospitalizations in real-time during the ascent and descent of the epidemic. The real-time predictions of admissions are useful to adjust planning in hospitals to avoid exceeding their capacity
Risk Factors for Severe Cases of 2009 Influenza A (H1N1): A Case Control Study in Zhejiang Province, China
Few case control studies were conducted to explore risk factors for severe cases of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) with the mild cases as controls. Mild and severe cases of 2009 influenza A (H1N1), 230 cases each, were randomly selected from nine cities in Zhejiang Province, China, and unmatched case control study was conducted. This study found that it averagely took 5 days for the severe cases of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) to start antiviral therapy away from onset, 2 days later than mild cases. Having chronic underlying diseases and bad psychological health combined with chronic underlying diseases were two important risk factors for severe cases, and their OR values were 2.39 and 5.85 respectively. Timely anti-viral therapy was a protective factor for severe cases (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: [0.18–0.67]). In conclusion, psychological health education and intervention, as well as timely anti-viral therapy, could not be ignored in the prevention, control and treatment of 2009 influenza A (H1N1)
Fasting plasma glucose is an independent predictor for severity of H1N1 pneumonia
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged during 2009 and has spread worldwide. This virus can cause injuries to the lungs, liver, and heart. However, data regarding whether this influenza virus can affect pancreatic islets are limited. We investigated the effects of influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and islet function, and evaluated possible correlations between biochemical test results and the severity of H1N1 pneumonia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a retrospective analysis of patients either diagnosed with or suspected of having H1N1 pneumonia who were admitted to our hospital in 2009. Possible associations between FPG levels and H1N1 virus infection were assessed by logistic regression. Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess relationships between FPG and biochemical test results. Associations between admission days and significant data were assessed by single factor linear regression. To evaluate effects of H1N1 on pancreatic β-cell function, results of a resistance index (homa-IR), insulin function index (homa-β), and insulin sensitivity index (IAI) were compared between a H1N1 group and a non-H1N1 group by t-tests.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>FPG was significantly positively associated with H1N1 virus infection (OR = 1.377, 95%CI: 1.062-1.786; p = 0.016). FPG was significantly correlated with AST (r = 0.215; p = 0.039), LDH (r = 0.400; p = 0.000), BUN (r = 0.28; p = 0.005), and arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>; r = -0.416; p = 0.000) in the H1N1 group. H1N1 patients who were hypoxemic (SaO<sub>2</sub><93%) had higher FPG levels than those who were not hypoxic (9.82 ± 4.14 vs. 6.64 ± 1.78; p < 0.05). FPG was negatively correlated with SaO<sub>2 </sub>in the H1N1 group with hypoxia (SaO<sub>2</sub><93; r = -0.497; p = 0.041). SaO<sub>2 </sub>levels in patients with high FPG levels (≥7 mmol/L) were significantly lower than those of H1N1 patients with low FPG levels (<5.6 mmol/L). There were no significant differences in homa-IR, homa-β, or IAI between the H1N1 and non-H1N1 groups after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>FPG on admission could be an independent predictor for the severity of H1N1 pneumonia. Elevated FPG induced by H1N1 pneumonia is not a result of direct damage to pancreatic β-cells, but arises from various factors' combinations caused by H1N1 virus infection.</p
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