Unraveling the environmental impacts of bioactive compounds and organic amendment from grape marc

In a society that produces large amounts of solid waste, the search for new methods of valorisation has led to the development of techniques that make it possible to obtain new products from waste. In the case of bio-waste, biological treatment such as anaerobic digestion or composting appear to be suitable options for producing bio-energy or bio-fertilizers respectively. Vermicomposting is a method of converting solid organic waste into resources through bio-oxidation and stabilization of the organic waste by earthworms. The purpose of this study is to establish the environmental impacts of a complete route for the valorisation of grape pomace in order to identify environmental hotspots. In this valorisation route, different value-added products are produced with potential application in the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical sectors. Priority was given to the use of primary data in the elaboration of the data inventories needed to perform the life cycle assessment (LCA). The main findings from this study reported that the energy requirement of the distillation process is an important hot spot of the process. Although the valorisation route has some poor results in terms of the two environmental indicators (carbon footprint and normalised impact index), when economic revenues were included in this analysis, its environmental performance was better than that of other alternatives for bio-waste recoveryThis research was supported by the European Project STAR-ProBio (Grant Agreement Number 727740) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CTM2013-42540-R and AGL2017-86813-R). The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC ED431C 2017/29; GPC ED431B 2017/04 and ED431B 2019/38 and to the CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/01). All these programmes are co-funded by FEDER (EU)S

Dos obras del arquitecto Azpiazu. España

Two recent works of the Architect J. R. Azpiazu are shown in this issue. The interest of each of them is based in punctual aspects with original constructive solutions: — At first, BUSINESS BUILDING IN SANTANDER, the project is very interesting mainly by the planning and design of the structure in wood reenforcement with laminated steel elements. — In the second, BANK OFFICE IN ORIHUELA, the interest of the constructive and formal solution in the helicoidal stair in structural concrete, without central element is the main subject.Se presentan en este trabajo dos obras recientes del Arquitecto José Ramón Azpiazu. El interés de cada una de ellas radica en aspectos puntuales, con soluciones constructivas de cierta originalidad: — En la primera, EDIFICIO DE OFICINAS EN SANTANDER, interesa de modo especial el planteamiento adoptado para el refuerzo de la estructura de madera existente realizado a base de elementos de acero laminado. — En la segunda, SUCURSAL DE BANCO EN ORÍ HUELA, el mayor interés radica en la solución constructiva y formal de la escalera helicoidal de hormigón armado, ejecutada sin vástago central

Dos obras del arquitecto Azpiazu. España

Two recent works of the Architect J. R. Azpiazu are shown in this issue. The interest of each of them is based in punctual aspects with original constructive solutions:
 — At first, BUSINESS BUILDING IN SANTANDER, the project is very interesting mainly by the planning and design of the structure in wood reenforcement with laminated steel elements.
 — In the second, BANK OFFICE IN ORIHUELA, the interest of the constructive and formal solution in the helicoidal stair in structural concrete, without central element is the main subject.<br><br>Se presentan en este trabajo dos obras recientes del Arquitecto José Ramón Azpiazu. El interés de cada una de ellas radica en aspectos puntuales, con soluciones constructivas de cierta originalidad:
 — En la primera, EDIFICIO DE OFICINAS EN SANTANDER, interesa de modo especial el planteamiento adoptado para el refuerzo de la estructura de madera existente realizado a base de elementos de acero laminado.
 — En la segunda, SUCURSAL DE BANCO EN ORÍ HUELA, el mayor interés radica en la solución constructiva y formal de la escalera helicoidal de hormigón armado, ejecutada sin vástago central