Labor Supply Responses to Adverse Shocks under Credit Constraints: Evidence from Bukidnon, Philippines

The ability of households to insure consumption from adverse shocks is an important aspect of vulnerability to poverty. How is consumption insurance achieved in a low-income setting where formal credit and insurance markets have been observed to be imperfect or missing? Using 2003 data from the Philippine province of Bukidnon, we investigate how labor supply is used to buffer transitory income shocks, in light of credit constraints. We find that the most vulnerable households are those with little education and with few or no able-bodied male members. Appropriate policy responses include counter-cyclical workfare programs targeted to households with high female-to-male ratios, households with high dependency ratios, and households with little or no education, as well as the provision of universal education and health care. These programs are likely to be effective in strengthening the labor endowments of households and improving their ability to cope with adverse shocks in the future.Labor supply, credit constraints, consumption smoothing, coping strategies, idiosyncratic shocks, Philippines

Matrix modification for enhancing the transport properties of the human cartilage endplate to improve disc nutrition.

Poor solute transport through the cartilage endplate (CEP) impairs disc nutrition and could be a key factor that limits the success of intradiscal biologic therapies. Here we demonstrate that treating the CEP with matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) reduces the matrix constituents that impede solute uptake and thereby improves nutrient diffusion. Human CEP tissues harvested from four fresh cadaveric lumbar spines (age range: 38-66 years old) were treated with MMP-8. Treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in sGAG, localized reductions to the amount of collagen, and alterations to collagen structure. These matrix modifications corresponded with 16-24% increases in the uptake of a small solute (376 Da). Interestingly, the effects of MMP-8 treatment depended on the extent of non-enzymatic glycation: treated CEPs with high concentrations of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) exhibited the lowest uptake compared to treated CEPs with low concentrations of AGEs. Moreover, AGE concentrations were donor-specific, and the donor tissues with the highest AGE concentrations appeared to have lower uptake than would be expected based on the initial amounts of collagen and sGAG. Finally, increasing solute uptake in the CEP improved cell viability inside diffusion chambers, which supports the nutritional relevance of enhancing the transport properties of the CEP. Taken together, our results provide new insights and in vitro proof-of-concept for a treatment approach that could improve disc nutrition for biologic therapy: specifically, matrix reduction by MMP-8 can enhance solute uptake and nutrient diffusion through the CEP, and AGE concentration appears to be an important, patient-specific factor that influences the efficacy of this approach

THE NOTIONS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND RESEARCH INSTRUCTORS ON THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE RESEARCH WRITING PROCESS OF THEIR COLLEGE STUDENTS

This is a descriptive study investigating teachers’ view on the impact of digital technologies on the research writing of their students. Using Mishra and Koehler’s (2006) TPCK model as framework, a probe was made on how technology and content are related and how pedagogical strategies in research relates to the use of technology in the classroom. The results reveal that teachers generally viewed the impact of digital technologies as positive but also showed misgivings on some aspects of technology use. The results have significant impact on the ICT policy currently being implemented in most state-run schools in the Philippines.Keywords: digital technologies, teacher perceptions, college research, ICT polic

The Mechanism of Rhenium Fixation in Reducing Sediments

There is a wide range of uses of information related to rhenium's geochemical behavior. Field studies indicate that rhenium is highly enriched in reducing sediments. However the mechanisms by which this high degree of enrichment is achieved are unclear. Perrhenate's (ReO4-) sorption onto a clay mineral, kaolinite, was investigated and found to be weak. This behavior is consistent with rhenium's conservative behavior in the oceans. Sorption was enhanced by the presence of a reducing agent, lithium borohydride. The presence of sulfide, a reducing agent found in nature, enhanced sorption slightly. Sulfide apparently does not reduce ReO4- rapidly as shown by the failure of polysulfide species to appear in solution. Instead, sulfide causes the formation of thioperrhenates. The mechanism of thiolation is the successive replacement of oxygen atoms in ReO4- by sulfur atoms, but ReO3S- and ReS4- are the only thioperrhenates observed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The di- and tri- thioperrhenates, ReO2S2- and ReOS3- are absent due to their relative instability. Thiolation of ReO4- appears to be general-acid catalyzed. Quantitative yield of ReS4- from ReO4- was never achieved. Thioperrhenates undergo polymerization in solution to yield a colloidal Re-S species, probably related to Re2S7, which contains polysulfide ions in its structure. This Re-S polymer is stable under different experimental conditions and thermodynamic calculations confirm that it is a very stable, insoluble species. Sulfide may play an important role in Re enrichment in sediments by leading to the formation of this solid Re-S species

VIRTUAL LEADERSHIP OF ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS DURING PANDEMIC ERA IN MAKASSAR CITY

In this situation of pandemic, schools have to adjust to the new trends of education wherein most things have to be done online. Different platforms are used to be able to mobilize teachers, parents, students and other stakeholders of the schools in Makassar City. Applications like Zoom, Google-meet, and WhatsApp are just some of the media that so far effective in communicating with those stakeholders. In this research, the researcher aims to determine ways and means on how these principals are able to mobilize and influence all the stakeholders so that goals and objectives of the school will be achieved. Based on the findings, principals have to use various platforms and need to conduct regular meetings to tall these stakeholders to ensure that education is well delivered. This paper applies the descriptive qualitative method wherein data is mainly collected by interviews and observations based on the objective of the research. These data are then reduced and analyzed to come up with a conclusion that is based on the main objective of the researche

Investigation of Rhenium's Biogeochemistry

The form of the paleoredox indicator, rhenium, that is sequestered in reducing sediments is not known. To probe this question, I used Laser Ablation ICP-MS to look for correlations between Re signals and those of other elements. My results point to the possibility that Re is incorporated into multiple host phases: sulfides and organic material. Laser Ablation ICP-MS also provided a new way to analyze a large suite of elements in Chesapeake Bay sediments simultaneously. A number of rarely determined elements (Ag, Sn, Sb, Te and Bi) were discovered to exhibit profiles similar to known industrial pollutants such as Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. This is one of the first demonstrations of LA-ICP-MS as a tool to perform a survey of anthropogenic impacts on modern sediments and suggests that the suite of elements monitored by environmental agencies should be broadened. Rhenium is scavenged between iron and sulfate reduction, in the sequence of microbial terminal electron accepting processes, so I investigated whether Re could be reduced directly or indirectly by iron and/or sulfate reducing bacteria. This hypothesis was also based on the fact that Tc (also Group VIIB), is directly and indirectly reduced by the iron and sulfate reducers used in my experiments: Geobacter metallireducens GS-15, Shewanella oneidensis €MR-1, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132. I concluded that neither direct nor short-term indirect microbial processes are likely to explain Re fixation in sediments. In order to test the hypothesis that thioperrhenates play a role in Re fixation, experimentally determined stability constants, (K (4-x)(5-x) ) for the following types of reactions are needed. ReO x S 4-x 2+ H2S = ReOx-1S5-x- + H2O where 1 ≤ x ≤ 4 These compounds are analogous to thiomolybdates, which are the particle reactive form of Mo fixed under reducing conditions. The di- and tri- thioperrhenates were never observed, by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The stability constant for mono-thioperrhenate, K01 = 104, while the stability constant for tetra-thioperrhenate, K04 = 1019. Below pH 8, the formation of a rhenium-sulfur nano-phase competed with the formation of thioperrhenates. The formation of this nano-phase is most likely an important step in rhenium fixation. Future work should involve exploring the sorption characteristics of this material

DERIVING EDUCATION CODE SETS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (ICF-CY)

Classifying childhood disability is a challenge in health and education settings. Differences exist in the instruments used to document childhood disability across countries, professional disciplines, and settings. This variability compromises reliable prevalence rates, limits valid comparisons of consequences of diagnosed conditions, and reduces knowledge about functional outcomes. The lack of a universal definition of childhood disability has made it especially challenging to establish a standard classification system. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) was endorsed by the World Health Organization in 2007 and was the first universal classification system available to document health and disability in children. The ICF-CY provides a common language and shared conceptualization of childhood disability and was designed to document the characteristics of developing children for a variety of purposes including program planning, research, and documentation of intervention outcomes (WHO, 2007). Application of the ICF-CY is important to unify data on child health status and functional characteristics; however, it is limited by the comprehensiveness of the inclusion of more than 1,600 codes. Children have universal rights to health and education (UNICEF, 1989). Florian, et al. (2006) stated that “classifying, categorizing, and labeling children” (p. 36) are considered essential when attempting to fairly distribute education and social services for students with disabilities; however, a standard comprehensive classification of education of all students does not currently exist. This study was conducted to enhance the utility and accessibility of the ICF-CY by asking international experts to identify essential characteristics of children and youth’s functioning at three educational levels. The Delphi technique was used to obtain expert consensus to derive three education code sets for children and youth in primary education/elementary school, lower secondary education/middle school, and upper secondary education/high school. A professionally diverse panel of 73 international experts completed two Delphi rounds of online surveys to rate the most important characteristics of child functioning to include in abbreviated ICF-CY Education Code Sets for three education levels. The final code sets are intended to serve as a universal reference for minimal information to collect about child functioning in research, policy, and practice.Doctor of Philosoph

Possibilidade e limites do serviço social na Casan/ARFL: atendimento aos familiares de funcionários com problemas relacionados ao abuso de drogas

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Curso de Serviço SocialO presente trabalho de Conclusão de Curso tem como objetivo conhecer as possibilidades e os limites da prática profissional do assistente social na intervenção junto aos familiares de funcionários com problemas relacionados ao uso abusivo de drogas e propiciar aos que gerenciam a empresa subsídios para avaliação e reflexão da problemática. A motivação para este estudo partiu da experiência de estágio desenvolvida ra CASAN/ARFL # Companhia Catarinense de Águas e Saneamento/Agência Redioal de Florianópolis, no período de novembro de 2003 a outubro de 2004, desenvolvido no Serviço Social. O trabalho está distribuído em três capítulos que abordam respectivamente: no primeiro capítulo as drogas e seus conceitos, o contexto social das drogas, a família, a co-dependência: o segundo capítulo por sua vez no mostra o contexto da Instituição. o Serviço Social no contexto Institucional, a contribuição do Serviço Social a Prevenção do Uso Abusivo de Drogas, o Custo Beneficio de um Programa e para finalizar o terceiro capitulo trará a pesquisa e seus resultado

A teoria administrativa e a administração das instituições de ensino superior do setor privado

Orientador: Jose Roberto Montes HeloaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoMestrad