51 research outputs found
The hidden majority/minority consensus: Minorities show similar preference patterns of immigrant support as the majority population
The acceptance of new arrivals has become an important topic regarding the social cohesion of the receiving countries. However, previous studies focused only on the native population's drivers of attitudes towards immigrants, disregarding that immigrant-origin inhabitants now form a considerable part of the population. To test whether the drivers for the willingness to support immigrants are the same for natives and immigrants and their descendants, we rely on a vignette study conducted in a representative German online panel (N = 3149) which contains an overrepresentation of immigrant-origin respondents. We presented participants with three vignettes of potential immigrants, varying, amongst other factors, economic prospects, safe and war-ridden countries of origin (to capture deservingness), as well as religious identity. While we find that minority members are generally slightly more welcoming towards immigrants than majority members, at their core are the same factors that drive attitudes to immigrants in both groups: economic cost, cultural similarity, and deservingness. However, we observe differences at the margins: Immigrant-origin respondents take into account economic prospects to a lesser degree than majority members do, and by trend, they are less likely to distinguish between immigrants from war-ridden and safe countries of origin. Furthermore, we can show that the preference for immigrants with the same religious identities not only occurs among majority members but also among minority members
Automated Identification and Tracking of Deformation Twin Structures in Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Deformation twinning significantly influences the microstructure, texture,
and mechanical properties of metals, necessitating comprehensive studies of
twin formation and interactions. While experimental methods excel at analyzing
individual samples, they often lack the capability for temporal analysis of
twinned structures. Molecular dynamics simulations offer a temporal dimension,
yet the absence of suitable tools for automated crystal twin identification has
been a significant limitation. In this article, we introduce a novel
computational tool integrated into the visualization and analysis software
OVITO. Our tool automates the identification of coherent twin boundaries, links
related twin boundaries, validates twin structures through orientation
analysis, and tracks twins over time, providing quantifiable data and enabling
in-depth investigations. Validation on a copper single crystal under shear
loading demonstrates successful tracking of various twins, revealing their
genesis and growth over multiple timesteps. This innovative approach promises
to advance the computational materials science domain by facilitating the study
of deformation twinning, offering profound insights into the behavior and
mechanical performance of materials
Process Oriented Collaboration in Grid-Environments: A Case Study in the Construction Industry
This paper addresses the process-oriented collaboration based on a grid-based platform for the support of virtual organizations (VO), illustrated on the example of the construction industry. Distributed, organizational and IT-structures of teams involved in vintage complex projects cannot be managed with conventional methods in an appropriate manner. Both using a grid platform and grid-based services, in conjunction with semantic methods for consistency saving and goal-oriented process management can increase the efficiency of collaboration processes in large-scale projects. A hybrid grid- and web service-based architecture for the next generation of VO service and a gateway solution was developed integrating the process-oriented perspective and prototypically implemented. The problem, as well as the solution on the basis of the hybrid system architecture combing the benefits of the cutting-edge technologies, the methodical concept for modeling VO processes and their automated execution on a grid platform are discussed in detail
Deformation twins as a probe for tribologically induced stress states
Friction and wear of metals are critically influenced by the microstructures
of the bodies constituting the tribological contact. Understanding the
microstructural evolution taking place over the lifetime of a tribological
system therefore is crucial for strategically designing tribological systems
with tailored friction and wear properties. Here, we focus on
single-crystalline CoCrFeMnNi that is prone to form twins at room temperature.
Deformation twins feature a pronounced orientation dependence with a
tension-compression anisotropy, a distinct strain release in an extended volume
and robust onset stresses. This makes deformation twinning an ideal probe to
experimentally investigate the complex stress fields occurring in a
tribological contact. Our results clearly show a grain orientation dependence
of twinning under tribological load. Unexpectedly, neither the crystal
direction parallel to the sliding nor the normal direction are solely decisive
for twinning. This experimental approach is ideal to experimentally validate
tribological stress field models, as is demonstrates here
Dislocation-mediated and twinning-induced plasticity of CoCrFeMnNi in varying tribological loading scenarios
Coarse-grained, metallic materials undergo microstructure refinement during
tribological loading. This in turn results in changing tribological properties,
so understanding deformation under tribological load is mandatory when
designing tribological systems. Single-trace experiments were conducted to
understand the initiation of deformation mechanisms acting in various
tribological systems. The main scope of this work was to investigate the
influence of normal and friction forces as well as crystal orientations on the
dominating deformation mechanism in a face-centred cubic concentrated solid
solution. While varying the normal force is easily realised, varying friction
forces were achieved by using several counter body materials paired against
CoCrFeMnNi. The subsurface deformation layer was either mediated through
dislocation slip or twinning, depending on the grain orientation and on the
tribological system. A layer dominated by dislocation-based deformation is
characterised by lattice rotation, the formation of a dislocation trace line or
subgrain formation. Such behaviour is observed for tribological systems with a
low friction coefficient. For systems dominated by deformation twinning, three
types of twin appearance were observed: small twins interacting with the
surface, large twins and grains with two active twin systems. Two different
twinning mechanisms are discussed as responsible for these characteristics
Conditions for equality of hulls in the calculus of variations
We simplify and sharpen several results by K. Zhang concerning properties of quasiconvex hulls of sets and quasiconvex envelopes of their distance functions. The approach emphasizes the underlying geometry and in particular we show that Kpc = Kc implies Krc = Kc if and only if min{m, n} ≦ 2 thus answering a question raised in [Z2]
The hidden majority/minority consensus : Minorities show similar preference patterns of immigrant support as the majority population
The acceptance of new arrivals has become an important topic regarding the social cohesion of the receiving countries. However, previous studies focused only on the native population's drivers of attitudes towards immigrants, disregarding that immigrant-origin inhabitants now form a considerable part of the population. To test whether the drivers for the willingness to support immigrants are the same for natives and immigrants and their descendants, we rely on a vignette study conducted in a representative German online panel (N = 3149) which contains an overrepresentation of immigrant-origin respondents. We presented participants with three vignettes of potential immigrants, varying, amongst other factors, economic prospects, safe and war-ridden countries of origin (to capture deservingness), as well as religious identity. While we find that minority members are generally slightly more welcoming towards immigrants than majority members, at their core are the same factors that drive attitudes to immigrants in both groups: economic cost, cultural similarity, and deservingness. However, we observe differences at the margins: Immigrant-origin respondents take into account economic prospects to a lesser degree than majority members do, and by trend, they are less likely to distinguish between immigrants from war-ridden and safe countries of origin. Furthermore, we can show that the preference for immigrants with the same religious identities not only occurs among majority members but also among minority members
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