58 research outputs found

    Assessment of environmental and economic efficiency of iron ore breaking technology using emulsion explosives

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    Methodology for calculating parameters of drilling and blasting operations for stoping works in mines of Kryvorozhskiy basin and PJSC «Zaporizhskiy iron-ore plant» has been improved with the help of established coefficient of relative capacity for the Ukrainit-PM-2B explosive. A new technology of stoping operations for ore breaking by square-chamber methods at deposit thickness more than 5 m is proposed which assumes usage of emulsion explosives and downward drilling of production hole rings in the direction of underlying drilling horizons. Ecological and economical effectiveness of the proposed ore breaking technology implemented in the extraction chambers was estimated. Regularities of harmful substances hazard index changing were established depending on distance to the emission point when trotyl-contained and emulsion explosives are used. Implementation of the proposed technology allows decreasing prime-cost of 1 ton of ore by 15 % per one extraction unit

    Optical echo in photonic crystals

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    The dynamics of photonic wavepacket in the effective oscillator potential is studied. The oscillator potential is constructed on a base of one dimensional photonic crystal with a period of unit cell adiabatically varied in space. The structure has a locally equidistant discrete spectrum. This leads to an echo effect, i.e. the periodical reconstruction of the packet shape. The effect can be observed in a nonlinear response of the system. Numerical estimations for porous-silicon based structures are presented for femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser pump.Comment: 4 page

    Distribution of selenium in zebrafish larvae after exposure to organic and inorganic selenium forms

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    Selenium is an essential micronutrient for many organisms, and in vertebrates has a variety of roles associated with protection from reactive oxygen species. Over the past two decades there have been conflicting reports upon human health benefits and detriments arising from consumption of selenium dietary supplements. Thus, early studies report a decrease in the incidence of certain types of cancer, whereas subsequent studies did not observe any anti-cancer effect, and adverse effects such as increased risks for type 2 diabetes have been reported. A possible contributing factor may be that different chemical forms of selenium were used in different studies. Using larval stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, we report a comparison of the toxicities and tissue selenium distributions of four different chemical forms of selenium. We find that the organic forms of selenium tested (Se-methyl-l-selenocysteine and l-selenomethionine) show considerably more toxicity than inorganic forms (selenite and selenate), and that this appears to be correlated with the level of bioaccumulation. Despite differences in concentrations, the tissue specific pattern of selenium accumulation was similar for the chemical forms tested; selenium was found to be highly concentrated in pigment (melanin) containing tissues especially for the organic selenium treatments, with lower concentrations in eye lens, yolk sac and heart. These results suggest that pigmented tissues might serve as a storage reservoir for selenium. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry

    Borrmann Effect in Photonic Crystals: Nonlinear Optical Consequences

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    Nonlinear-optical manifestations of the Borrmann effect that are consequences of the spectral dependence of the spatial distributions of the electromagnetic field in a structure are observed in one-dimensional photonic crystals. The spectrum of the light self-focusing effect corresponding to the propagation-matrix calculations has been measured near the edge of the photonic gap.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, published in russian at Pis'ma v Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki, 2008, Vol. 87, No. 8, pp. 461-46

    IL-4 and its polymorphism (<i>IL4</i>-589C/T) in cervical neoplasia

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    The transition of cervical neoplasia (CIN) to cervical cancer occurs with the active participation of IL-4, for which both pro- and antitumor effects have been shown with tumors of various localizations. The expression of cytokines is regulated at the transcriptional level in the promoter region of the gene. It has been shown that the genotype IL4 (589C/T) (rs2243250) is associated with the development of gastric and breast cancer. The contribution of IL-4 genotypic variations to the development of CIN has not yet been studied. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of developing cervical neoplasia by the presence polymorphism of IL4 (589C/T) and the level of IL-4. The object of the study was circulating neutrophils, serum and genomic DNA of 36 patients with CIN and 20 women without dysplasia (comparison group). Using ELISA, the level of IL-4 was determined in neutrophil lysate and serum. Phagocytic activity and adhesive ability (CD11b) of neutrophils were assessed. Allele-specific real-time PCR using Taq-Man probes was used to analyze of the IL4 589C/T (rs2243250). Statistical processing was carried out using Statistica 13 and Jamovi 1.6.5.0. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of IL-4 in serum and circulating neutrophils in patients with CIN is significantly higher than in the comparison group. The -589C* allele of the IL4 gene and the TT genotype are more common in the group with CIN (55.5%) than in the control (25%). At the same time, a direct relationship was established between the presence of polymorphism and increased adhesive ability and with indicators of the phagocytic number of circulating neutrophils. Analysis of the incidence of IL4 C589T by the «case-control» method showed that the chances of CIN formation in carriers of the -589C allele and the TT genotype were 3.75 (95% CI: 1.013 - 13.880, Chi-square = 4.161, p = 0.042). The -589C* allele and TT IL4 genotype, neutrophil and serum IL-4 levels are associated with HPV infection. Using a binary logistic regression model, we demonstrated the possibility of using IL-4 levels in circulating neutrophils and IL-4 gene polymorphism (589C/T) for the differential diagnosis of patients with CIN (χ2 = 15.6, p = 0.001). Significant significance for their combination was assessed by ROC-curve analysis (IL-4 in neutrophils; IL4 (-589С*), 75% probability. Thus, the IL4 (589C/T) is associated with the adhesive and phagocytic activity of circulating neutrophils. In HPV-infected patients, IL4 gene polymorphism (589C/T) can serve as a marker for early detection and prognosis of CIN

    Angiogenic potential of circulating peripheral blood neutrophils in kidney cancer

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    The role of neutrophils in kidney cancer is currently being studied. Their role in carcinogenesis is ambiguous. As one of the most abundant blood leukocytes, neutrophils play an important role in cancer progression through multiple mechanisms, including promotion of angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and cancer metastasis. Neutrophils synthesize and release pro-angiogenic factors that are able to directly or indirectly stimulate the growth and migration of endothelial cells, which in turn causes the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. The production of various factors by neutrophils, including proangiogenic ones, is mediated by the expression of the genes of these molecules. Functional heterogeneity is characterized by differences in neutrophil gene expression patterns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the angiogenic potential of circulating neutrophils in kidney cancer. The object of the study were blood neutrophils of patients with verified clear cell kidney cancer at stage I (T1N0M0G1, n = 28, median age 60), stage II (T2N0M0G2, n = 15, median age 61) and stage III (T3N0M0G2, n = 15, median age 63) before surgery. The control group consisted of apparently healthy donors (n = 15, median age 54). Serum levels of IL-8 and VEGF-A were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Expression of the CXCL8 and VEGF-A genes in circulating neutrophils was determined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. As a result of our study, an increase in the level of IL-8 and VEGF-A in the blood serum of patients with kidney cancer in all studied groups compared with the control group was revealed. We observed a direct correlation between serum levels of IL-8 and VEGF-A in patients with kidney cancer (r = 0.429; p = 0.016), which confirms the relationship of these angiogenic factors. A significant increase in CXCL8 gene expression by circulating neutrophils was found in patients on II (2.91, Q0.25-Q0.75: (1.296-4.99), p = 0.02) and III (1.93, Q0.25-Q0.75: (0.755-11.36, p = 0.014) stages of kidney cancer compared with the control group (1.50, Q0.25-Q0.75: (0.80-4.05)). However, VEGF-A gene expression by circulating neutrophils did not differ from those in the control group. Blood neutrophils in kidney cancer exercise their angiogenic potential through the production of IL-8

    Phenotype of circulating neutrophils at different stages of cervical neoplasia

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    At the present time, there is no common point of view to the role of circulating neutrophils (NP) in emergence and development of neoplasia. It is suggested that due to high functional plasticity, the neutrophils may exhibit both pro- and antitumor activity. In order to study the NP phenotype at different stages of cervical neoplasia (CN), we have evaluated their absolute and relative amounts, myeloperoxidase activity, spontaneous and induced NST-test markers, and the level of intracellular cationic proteins. Spontaneous production of elastase and active forms of matrix metalloproteinases, the levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-18, IFNy, G-CSF were determined in the NP cell lysates and in blood serum. The formation of extracellular traps (NET) was evaluated using 1-day cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an inducer. We examined 31 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 21 primary patients with cervical cancer (CC, Ia stage according to FIGO scale), as well as 25 practically healthy women. We revealed increased spontaneous and inducible oxygen-dependent cytolytic and phagocytic activity and spontaneous production of NET if compared to normal values, along with decreased absolute NP numbers in patients with CIN, thus suggesting the antitumor activity of NP. The levels of “pro-tumor” cytokines (MMP-9, IL-2 and G-CSF) become increased over normal levels as early as at the CIN stage, both for the neutrophils and blood plasma. High levels of regulatory IFNy and neutrophil-priming IL-8 in blood plasma do not presume any use of exogenous NP-activating factors at the stage of cervical dysplasia. At the initial stage of cervical cancer, the absolute NP amounts are significantly increased compared to normal counts. However, despite increased spontaneous oxygen-dependent cytolytic activity, the NPs have a significantly reduced activity of phagocytosis and sharply increased spontaneous production of NET, thus, generally, being characteristic to the “pro-tumorous” NP phenotype. IL-2 levels are elevated, and MMP-9 values are still increased in NP and blood plasma of patients with CC (stage Ia). Hence, the obtained results suggest some changes of NP phenotype to a pro-tumorous pattern during transition from intraepithelial dysplasia to cervical cancer. These results allowed us to design an algorithm for examining women with suspected cervical cancer, including IL-2 measurement in blood serum, and MMP-9 amounts in the NP lysates

    Параметры глутатионовой системы и тиоредоксина в плазме крови и асците и полиморфизм гена GSTP1 Ile105Val как факторы резистентности к платиносодержащей химиотерапии у больных раком яичников

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    Background. Chemotherapy is one of the main types of treatment in ovarian cancer. Standard first-line treatment includes platinum drugs. Every fifth patient develops chemoresistance after platinum-containing first line therapy. Glutathione detoxification systems play an important role in platinum drugs utilization.Purpose. To assess the redox status of blood plasma and ascitic fluid in ovarian cancer patients before and after neoadjuvant platinum-containing chemotherapy (NACT).Materials and methods. We determined the activity of the glutathione system and thioredoxin levels in bloodplasma before and after NACT and in the ascitic fluid before NACT, and the presence of GSTP1 gene polymorphism (Ile105Val (rs1695), Ala114Val (rs1138272) in 30 III–IV FIGO stage ovarian cancer patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups: NR – no relapse in 2 years after last chemotherapy course; R1 – relapse in less than 6 months; R2 – relapse in more than 6 months.Results. We established an increase of the glutathione-transferase activity and a decrease of the GSH level inplasma after chemotherapy in R1 patients, and an opposite dynamic of glutathione-transferase and GSH in the R2 group. Thioredoxin level in plasma of all patients was lower than in the control group; differences in levels between groups were not statistically significant. GSTP1 105Val allele was more frequently present in patients than in the control group, and more frequently in R2 than in R1.Conclusion. The increase in plasma glutathione-transferase and glutathione-reductase levels can be a prognostic marker of early relapse. Thioredoxine dynamics do not correlate with the chemotherapy response. The presence of the GSTP1 105Val allele is a risk factor for ovarian cancer development, but a protective factor against early relapse.Введение. Химиотерапия является одним из основных видов лечения распространенного рака яичников (РЯ). У каждой пятой пациентки развивается химиорезистентность после платиносодержащей терапии первой линии. Система детоксикации глутатиона играет важную роль в утилизации платиновых препаратов из  опухолевых клеток. Цель. Оценить окислительно-восстановительный статус плазмы крови и асцитической  жидкости у больных РЯ до и после неоадъювантной платиносодержащей химиотерапии  (НАХТ).Материалы и методы. Мы определили активность глутатионовой системы и уровень тиоредоксина в плазме крови до и после НАХТ и в асцитической жидкости до НАХТ у 30 пациентов на III–IV стадиях (по FIGO) рака яичников. Пациенты были разделены на три группы: БР – без рецидивов в течение 2 лет после завершения химиотерапии; Р1 – рецидив заболевания в течение 6 мес после завершения химиотерапии первой линии; Р2 – рецидив после 6 мес от момента завершения химиотерапии первой линии.Результаты. Установлено увеличение активности GT и снижение уровня GSH в плазме  после химиотерапии у пациентов с Р1, а также противоположная динамика GT и GSH в  группе Р2. Уровень тиоредоксина в плазме у всех пациентов был ниже, чем в контрольной группе; различия в уровнях между группами не были статистически значимыми. Аллельный вариант 105Val гена GSTP1 выявлялся с более высокой частотой у пациентов с РЯ, чем в контроле, и чаще в группе Р2, чем у Р1.Заключение. Повышение активности GST и GR в плазме больных РЯ может быть  прогностическим маркером раннего рецидива. Динамика тиоредоксина не коррелирует с  ответом на химиотерапию. Присутствие аллеля 105Val в гене GSTP1 является фактором риска развития рака яичников, но защитным фактором против раннего рецидива

    Персонифицированный подход к ведению пациентов с глаукомой продвинутых стадий. Выбор стратегических направлений антиглаукомной работы в Тюменской области

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    PURPOSE: To conduct a personalized analysis of patients with advanced stages of glaucoma in Tyumen region. To show the effectiveness of "Method of selecting strategic directions for improving the quality of eye care for glaucoma patients in the framework of the process approach" software product for dealing with this category of patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 1657 outpatients' case histories with first diagnosed advanced or terminal glaucoma in the period from 2011 to 2015. Clinical and sociological portraits of an advanced glaucoma patient were composed based on the "Register of Tyumen region glaucoma patients" automated system and by means of a sociological survey. Compliance of 680 glaucoma patients was assessed with Moriscos-Green clinical and psychological compliance scale. Screening for identification of patients with inadequate compliance was carried out. The correlation of treatment duration and compliance was studied. The efficacy of "Method of selecting strategic directions for improving the quality of eye care for glaucoma patients in the framework of the process approach" software product was investigated. RESULTS: During 5 years in Tyumen region 4 types of first diagnosed glaucoma (51% - mild, 18% - moderate, 22% - advanced, 9% - terminal) were revealed. Registration includes 9585 patients with glaucoma in Tyumen region. 1 657 patients had advanced stages of glaucoma. The ratio of men and women with advanced stages of glaucoma was 40 and 60%. Advanced stages of glaucoma more frequently occurred in men and women aged 70-85 years. The study revealed that by the end of the 5 year follow-up 15% of patients with advanced glaucoma remained compliant, 52% did not follow doctor's prescription, 33% showed insufficient compliance and composed the risk group for noncompliance. Patients with advanced-stage glaucoma regarded their quality of life as decreasing because of a lifelong treatment (52% patients), 33% - because of the illness itself and 15% patients - because of the glaucoma medicine side effects. CONCLUSION: Reasons of late glaucoma stages detection were analyzed. Reasons of low compliance to treatment in patients with advanced stages of glaucoma were studied. Clinical and sociological portrait of a patient with advanced stages of glaucoma was composed.ЦЕЛЬ. Провести персонифицированный анализ состояния пациентов с глаукомой продвинутых стадий в Тюменской области. Показать эффективность программного продукта «Способ выбора стратегических направлений для повышения качества офтальмологической помощи глаукомным больным в рамках процессного подхода» для работы с данной категорией пациентов. МЕТОДЫ. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 1 657 амбулаторных карт пациентов с диагнозом «впервые выявленная глаукома далеко зашедшей или терминальной стадий» в период с 2011 до 2015 г. На основании данных автоматизированной системы «Регистр больных глаукомой Тюменской области» и с помощью социологического анкетирования был составлен клинико-социологический портрет пациента с далеко зашедшей и терминальной глаукомой. С помощью клинико-психологической тестовой методики - шкалы комплаентности Мориски - Грин - проведена оценка комплаентности 680 пациентов с глаукомой, проведен скрининг для выявления недостаточно комплаентных больных и изучено влияние продолжительности лечения на комплаентность. Исследована эффективность программного продукта «Способ выбора стратегических направлений для повышения качества офтальмологической помощи глаукомным больным в рамках процессного подхода» для антиглаукомной работы. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Анализ структуры впервые выявленной глаукомы в Тюменской области на протяжении 5 лет показал, что, несмотря на преобладание ранних стадий впервые выявленной глаукомы - 69%, доля продвинутых стадий глаукомы достаточно велика и составляет 31%. На диспансерном учете в Тюменском области состоят 9 585 пациентов с глаукомой. Из них 1 657 - это пациенты с глаукомой продвинутых стадий. Соотношение мужчин и женщин среди пациентов с продвинутыми стадиями - 40 и 60%. Чаще продвинутая стадия глаукомы встречается у мужчин и женщин в возрастной группе от 70 до 85 лет. Выявлено, что к концу 5 года наблюдения 15% пациентов с продвинутыми стадиями глаукомы остаются комплаентными, 52% не соблюдают назначения врача, 33% недостаточно комплаентны, составляют группу риска некомплаентности. Пациенты с продвинутыми стадиями глаукомы отмечают снижение качества жизни из-за необходимости пожизненного лечения в 52%, из-за заболевания как такового - в 33%, из-за побочных эффектов принимаемого лечения - в 15%. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Проведен анализ структуры впервые выявленной глаукомы и причин позднего выявления запущенных стадий глаукомы, выявлены причины низкой приверженности лечению пациентов с глаукомой продвинутых стадий, составлен клинико-социологический портрет пациента с глаукомой

    Experience of teaching students pediatric faculty on a series of "Legal foundations of medical practice"

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    the first experience of the Department of forensic medicine to students of pediatric faculty on the responsibility of the physician in providing medical care was assessed; the opinion of the students about the classes on the cycle was analyzedпредставлен первый опыт работы кафедры судебной медицины со студентами педиатрического факультета по вопросам ответственности врача при оказании медицинской помощи, проанализировано мнение студентов о занятиях на цикл
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