The dipolar endofullerene HF@C60

The cavity inside fullerenes provides a unique environment for the study of isolated atoms and molecules. We report encapsulation of hydrogen fluoride inside C60 using molecular surgery to give the endohedral fullerene HF@C60. The key synthetic step is the closure of the open fullerene cage while minimizing escape of HF. The encapsulated HF molecule moves freely inside the cage and exhibits quantization of its translational and rotational degrees of freedom, as revealed by inelastic neutron scattering and infrared spectroscopy. The rotational and vibrational constants of the encapsulated HF molecules were found to be redshifted relative to free HF. The NMR spectra display a large 1H-19F J coupling typical of an isolated species. The dipole moment of HF@C60 was estimated from the temperature-dependence of the dielectric constant at cryogenic temperatures and showed that the cage shields around 75% of the HF dipole

The Help: analisis de la traducción del Black English y de los referentes culturales

Treball de fi de grau en Traducció i InterpretacióTranslating cultural elements is a problem whose solution still remains unclear. Cultural elements refer not only to cultural references, but also dialects, since they have a close relationship with the cultural, geographic and historic context of the text. The translation of the African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is a perfect example of it. It is a dialect closely linked to the history and the culture of black people in the United States. This paper aims to analyse and assess the way in which the AAVE and the cultural references were translated into Spanish in Kathryn Stockett's novel The Help, and its subsequent film adaptation. Using specific examples from both documents and comparing the written translation, the dubbing and the subtitling, this paper observes the different techniques a translator can use when it comes to adapting cultural elements. The results of the study show that, while the translation of the novel tries to maintain and adapt the AAVE to show the differences in speech between characters, the dubbing and the subtitling of the film tend to neutralise the dialect, which can be a problem for the recipients of the translated document, since they will not obtain the same information as the recipients of the original one. With regards to the cultural references, this paper observes that the translator uses different strategies, always with the goal of achieving a complete understanding of the text and its context. Ultimately, this paper will shed light on to the many different techniques that the translators have applied to The Help and the ways in which they have tried to approach the text to the Spanish speaking reader

The Help: analisis de la traducción del Black English y de los referentes culturales

Treball de fi de grau en Traducció i InterpretacióTranslating cultural elements is a problem whose solution still remains unclear. Cultural elements refer not only to cultural references, but also dialects, since they have a close relationship with the cultural, geographic and historic context of the text. The translation of the African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is a perfect example of it. It is a dialect closely linked to the history and the culture of black people in the United States. This paper aims to analyse and assess the way in which the AAVE and the cultural references were translated into Spanish in Kathryn Stockett's novel The Help, and its subsequent film adaptation. Using specific examples from both documents and comparing the written translation, the dubbing and the subtitling, this paper observes the different techniques a translator can use when it comes to adapting cultural elements. The results of the study show that, while the translation of the novel tries to maintain and adapt the AAVE to show the differences in speech between characters, the dubbing and the subtitling of the film tend to neutralise the dialect, which can be a problem for the recipients of the translated document, since they will not obtain the same information as the recipients of the original one. With regards to the cultural references, this paper observes that the translator uses different strategies, always with the goal of achieving a complete understanding of the text and its context. Ultimately, this paper will shed light on to the many different techniques that the translators have applied to The Help and the ways in which they have tried to approach the text to the Spanish speaking reader

Light-Induced Trigeminal Sensitization without Central Visual Pathways: Another Mechanism for Photophobia

Photophobia resulting from light-induced sensitization of the trigeminal system can occur after sectioning of the optic nerve