19 research outputs found
Suitability of Poaceae seeds for Plodia interpunctella development: Presentation
One of the most important pests of stored grains is Plodia interpunctella (HĆ¼bner), whose larvae feed primarily on germinal part of the kernels, causing a reduction of seed germination and seed viability. This is detrimental for seeds of high category. However, seeds of different species within the same taxonomic family have different morphology (thickness of seed-coat, presence or absence of palea, palea loose or firmly attached to the seed etc.), which affects the susceptibility of seeds to P. interpunctella attack. The hypothesis was that seed hardness and the absence of palea could also significantly influence the life history of this pest. We assessed the suitability of different seeds from family Poacae (maize, wheat, barley, oats, ray, forage sorghum (variety), forage sorghum (hybrid), Sudan grass and millet) for P. interpunctella development and seeds susceptibility to pest attack (expressed in Susceptibility index āSI). The following parameters were monitored: larval mortality, adult emergence, mean developmental duration (from egg to adult) and female fecundity. Observations were carried out weekly, for 49 days. Data were statistically analyzed using Duncanās multiple range Test. The highest larval mortality, the lowest number of emerged moths and the lowest fecundity were recorded on millet, Sudan grass and forage sorghum (variety and hybrid). However, the shortest larval development (27.8 days) and the highest fecundity (109.5-115.6 eggs) were on standard laboratory diet, maize and wheat. Morphometric measures of moths indicate that on unsuitable mediums like millet, Sudan grass, and different sorghum varieties the body lengths were statistically significantly shorter (0.5-0.6 cm) compared to other treatments (0.8-0.9 cm). According to the SI, the most susceptible were maize, wheat, barley, oats and ray, while moderately resistant were Sudan grass and millet. Testing kernel hardness and continuous improving of kernel resistance to storage insect pests could provide lower losses in stored grain quality and quantity.One of the most important pests of stored grains is Plodia interpunctella (HĆ¼bner), whose larvae feed primarily on germinal part of the kernels, causing a reduction of seed germination and seed viability. This is detrimental for seeds of high category. However, seeds of different species within the same taxonomic family have different morphology (thickness of seed-coat, presence or absence of palea, palea loose or firmly attached to the seed etc.), which affects the susceptibility of seeds to P. interpunctella attack. The hypothesis was that seed hardness and the absence of palea could also significantly influence the life history of this pest. We assessed the suitability of different seeds from family Poacae (maize, wheat, barley, oats, ray, forage sorghum (variety), forage sorghum (hybrid), Sudan grass and millet) for P. interpunctella development and seeds susceptibility to pest attack (expressed in Susceptibility index āSI). The following parameters were monitored: larval mortality, adult emergence, mean developmental duration (from egg to adult) and female fecundity. Observations were carried out weekly, for 49 days. Data were statistically analyzed using Duncanās multiple range Test. The highest larval mortality, the lowest number of emerged moths and the lowest fecundity were recorded on millet, Sudan grass and forage sorghum (variety and hybrid). However, the shortest larval development (27.8 days) and the highest fecundity (109.5-115.6 eggs) were on standard laboratory diet, maize and wheat. Morphometric measures of moths indicate that on unsuitable mediums like millet, Sudan grass, and different sorghum varieties the body lengths were statistically significantly shorter (0.5-0.6 cm) compared to other treatments (0.8-0.9 cm). According to the SI, the most susceptible were maize, wheat, barley, oats and ray, while moderately resistant were Sudan grass and millet. Testing kernel hardness and continuous improving of kernel resistance to storage insect pests could provide lower losses in stored grain quality and quantity
Calibration model for near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for assessment of forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) composition
Bliska infracrvena spektroskopija (NIRS) se koristi za analizu hemijskih
svojstava poljoprivrednih proizvoda bez prethodne pripreme uzorka. U ovom radu
razvijen je kalibracioni model za merenje proteina i vlage za celo zrno i braÅ”no stoÄnog
graÅ”ka. Dobijeni spektri obraÄeni su kombinovanjem matematiÄkih modela (PLSR,
MSC, prvog i drugog izvoda) i raÄunate kalibracione greÅ”ke. GreÅ”ke pri merenju vlage
celog zrna su u granicama (od -0,8 do 0,8) i braŔna (od -0,7 do 0,8); pri merenju
proteina celog zrna greŔke su (od -1,6 do 1,8) i braŔna (od -2 do 2). Ovim ispitivanjem
se dokazalo da je moguÄe odrediti koliÄine proteina i vlage pomoÄu NIRS metode a
dobijene greŔke se toleriŔu i kalibracioni model je primenjiv u praksi.Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to analyze the chemical properties of
agricultural products with no sample prepation. In this paper, a calibration model was
developed to measure protein and moisture of forage pea in the whole seed and flour.
The obtained spectra were processed by combining mathematical models (PLSR, MSC,
first and second derivative) and calculating calibration errors. Measuring errors of the
whole seed moisture are from (-0.8 to 0.8) and flour from (-0.7 to 0.8); measuring errors
of the whole seed protein are from (-1.6 to 1.8) and flour from (-2 to 2). This test proves
the possibility to determine protein and moisture via NIRS, errors are tolerated and the
calibration model is applicable
Effect of row spacing on morphological traits and yield of forage sorghum and sudan grass
Krmni sirak i sudanska trava predstavljaju znaÄajnu ugljenohidratnu komponentu u ishrani preživara. Za postizanje visokih prinosa zelene krme važno je primeniti kvalitetnu agrotehniku, pre svega izvrÅ”iti setvu na odgovarajuÄi meÄuredni razmak. Cilj rada je da se odredi uticaj meÄurednog razmaka na morfoloÅ”ke osobine i prinos sorti krmnog sirka i sudanske trave. Ispitivane morfoloÅ”ke osobine nisu se znaÄajno razlikovale pod uticajem meÄurednog razmaka, dok je na prinos zelene krme i suve materije razmak veoma znaÄajno uticao. Na meÄurednom razmaku od 12,5 cm sorte su ostvarile proseÄno najveÄi prinos zelene krme (70,1 t ha-1) i prinos suve materije (21,0 t ha-1 ). Za proizvodnju ovih useva preporuÄuje se uskoredna setva.Forage sorghum and Sudan grass represent a significant carbohydrate component in
ruminant nutrition. In order to achieve high yield of green forage, it is important to
apply quality agro-technology, mainly to seed at the appropriate row spacing. The aim
of the paper is to determine the effect of row spacing on the morphological traits and
yield of forage sorghum and Sudan grass varieties. Tested morphological traits did not
differ significantly due to the effect of the row spacing, while green forage and dry
matter yield were significantly different. At row spacing of 12.5 cm, the average green
forage and dry matter yields were the highest (70.1 t ha-1 and 21.0 t ha-1). Seeding at the narrow rows is recommended for the production of these crops
Grain yield potential of spring dry pea varieties
Field peas are mostly used for animal nutrition in the Balkan region and in the countries of the former USSR, while in the countries of Western Europe, Canada, the USA and the Middle East they are mostly used for human nutrition. Over three years (2010-2012), the yield and grain yield components of the most widespread field pea varieties were examined. The lowest number of plants was determined in 'NS Junior' intended for combined use (65 plants/m2), while 'Dukat' and 'Partner' had 88 and 85 plants/m2 on average, respectively. The average stem height was 158 cm for 'NS Junior', and 65 and 70 cm for 'Dukat' and 'Partner', respectively. 'Dukat' (4846 kg/ha) and 'Partner' (4521 kg/ha) had significantly higher grain yields compared with 'NS Junior' (2717 kg/ha). The content of crude protein in the grain was highest in 'NS Junior' (27.6%), while 'Dukat' and 'Partner' had lower contents (23-25%).Proteinski graÅ”ak se uglavnom koristi za ishranu životinja u naÅ”em regionu i u zemljama bivÅ”eg SSSR-a, dok se u zemljama zapadne Evrope, Kanade, SAD-a i Bliskog istoka najviÅ”e koristi za ishranu ljudi. Tokom tri godine (2010-2012) ispitivane su komponente prinosa i prinos zrna najrasprostranjenijih sorti proteinskog graÅ”ka. Najmanji broj biljaka utvrÄen je kod sorte NS Junior, namenjene za kombinovanu upotrebu (65 biljaka / m2), dok su sorte Dukat i Partner imale u proseku 88 i 85 biljaka / m2. ProseÄna visina stabljike za sortu NS Junior iznosila je 158 cm, a za sorte Dukat i Partner 65 i 70 cm. Sorte Dukat (4846 kg / ha) i Partner (4521 kg / ha) imale su znatno veÄi prinos zrna u poreÄenju sa sortom NS Junior (2717 kg / ha). Sadržaj sirovih proteina u zrnu bio je najveÄi kod sorte NS Junior (27,6%), dok su sorte Dukat i Partner imale izmeÄu 23 i 25%
Novi izazovi u oplemenjivanju crvene deteline (Trifolium pretense L.) u održivoj poljoprivredi
Saglasno trendovima održive i organske poljoprivrede u proizvodnji zdravstveno-bezbedne stoÄne hrane, noviji pravci u oplemenjivanju crvene deteline imaju za cilj stvaranje dugoveÄnijih sorti, poboljÅ”anog kvaliteta. Istovremeno brojni su primeri alternativnog koriÅ”Äenja crvene deteline u proizvodnji funkcionalne hrane bogate izoflavonima. Rizomska forma podzemnog stabla nije svojstvena crvenoj detelini, meÄutim neke srodne vrste (Trifolium medium) poseduju takvu formu. Kulturom embriona u skorije vreme je dobijen (JakeÅ”ova et al, 2011, 2014) i komercijalizovan prvi hibrid izmeÄu Treifolium pretense i Trifolium medium, pod nazivom āPramediā sa rizomskom formom podzemnog stabla Äime je pre svega poveÄana perzistentnost
MoguÄnosti i novosti u proizvodnji alternativnih kultura
Alternativne ratarske vrste najÄeÅ”Äe se gaje na manjim povrÅ”inama i veoma su znaÄajne za organske sisteme gajenja, jer su dobro prilagoÄene razliÄitim agroekoloÅ”kim i zemljiÅ”nim uslovima. Za planiranje profitabilne proizvodnje, tehnologiju proizvodnje treba prilagoditi specifiÄnostima biljne vrste i sorte. Tokom 2016. godine bili su relativno povoljni uslovi za proizvodnju alternativnih kultura, tako da su postignuti visoki prinosi semena i ostvarena je dobra proizvodnja. Proizvedeno seme svih alternativnih kultura bilo je visokog kvaliteta, Å”to je od posebnog znaÄaja za semensku proizvodnju. Za setvu u 2017. godini Institut ce imati na raspolaganju dovoljno visokokvalitetnog semena sirka, heljde, prosa, facelije, tikava, konoplje, duvana i lekovitog, zaÄinskog i aromatiÄnog bilja. Novosti u proizvodnji alternativnih kultura su facelija i uljani lan
Proizvodnja kabaste stoÄne hrane
Nedostatak dovoljnih koliÄina kvalitetne kabaste stoÄne hrane danas je verovatno najveÄi problem u ishrani preživara. Kabasta hraniva se karakteriÅ”u time Å”to imaju veÄi udeo vlakana (iznad 18% sirove celuloze), voluminozna su i u osnovi predstavljaju vegetativni deo razliÄitih biljnih vrsta. Zastupljenost dostupne (svarljive) energije u ovim hranivima je niža po jedinici mase ili zapremine nego kod koncentrata. Kvalitet kabastih hraniva uslovljen je ponajviÅ”e bioloÅ”kom pripadnoÅ”Äu krmne kulture i fazom razviÄa. Svi sistemi normiranja obroka u ishrani preživara polaze od toga da dobro izbalansiran obrok omoguÄuje da životinje bolje konzumiraju i iskoriste hranu. Trave i leguminoze su osnovna kabasta hraniva i Äine 2/3 suve materije obroka. Ako se koriste na pravi naÄin, ova kabasta hraniva su veoma dobar izvor proteina, karotina, kalcijuma i drugih minerala
Aktuelni sortiment NS krmnog bilja za 2020. godinu
U cilju intenziviranja stoÄarske proizvodnje, reÅ”enje treba tražiti u gajenju visoko
prinosnih krmnih biljaka dobrog kvaliteta. Zajedno sa naporima da se smanji energetska potroÅ”nja, zagaÄenje životne sredine i intenziviraju sistemi održive poljoprivrede, treba razmotriti moguÄnost poveÄanja povrÅ”ina pod ovim biljnim kulturama. Dominantan naÄin iskoriÅ”Äavanja krmnih biljaka je proizvodnja kabaste stoÄne hrane (zelena krma, seno, senaža i silaža) sa izuzetkom proteinskog graÅ”ka koji se koristi za proizvodnju zrna. ZnaÄajan doprinos u proizvodnji kvalitetne i raznovrsne stoÄne hrane u Republici Srbiji pripada Odeljenju za krmno bilje Äiju osnovnu delatnost Äini nauÄnoistraživaÄki rad, oplemenjivanje i stvaranje novih sorti lucerke, crvene deteline, stoÄnog graÅ”ka, grahorice, stoÄnog kelja, krmnog sirka i sudanske trave
MorfoloŔko molekularna identifikacija vrste Ascochyta pisi
Poslednjih godina u razliÄitim delovima Srbije zapažena je manja ili veÄa pojava patogena iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa, kako na stoÄnom, tako i na konzumnom graÅ”ku. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se prouÄe morfoloÅ”ke, molekularne i odgajivaÄke odlike gljive A. pisi, kao i njihova patogenost i rasprostranjenost na teritoriji Republike Srbije, kao i da se ispita tolerantnost domaÄeg sortimenta stoÄnog graÅ”ka prema navedenom patogenu. U periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, utvrÄeno je prisustvo Ascochyta spp. na 27 razliÄitih lokaliteta u Srbiji. MorfoloÅ”ko-molekularnim analizama sakupljenih izolata, utvrÄeno je prisustvo vrste A. pisi na 11 lokaliteta u Srbiji. Od ukupnog broja izolata poreklom iz Srbije, 26 izolata (34%) je pripadalo vrsti A. pisi
NS Asja, sorta aleksandrijske deteline
Ovo je novostvorena sorta aleksandrijske deteline (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) NS Asja priznata od strane Uprave za zaŔtitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, Ŕumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije.This is a registered newly-developed cultivar of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) NS Asja released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia.Broj reŔenja: 320-04-01247/209-11
Datum reŔenja: 04.01.2021