Suitability of Poaceae seeds for Plodia interpunctella development: Presentation

One of the most important pests of stored grains is Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), whose larvae feed primarily on germinal part of the kernels, causing a reduction of seed germination and seed viability. This is detrimental for seeds of high category. However, seeds of different species within the same taxonomic family have different morphology (thickness of seed-coat, presence or absence of palea, palea loose or firmly attached to the seed etc.), which affects the susceptibility of seeds to P. interpunctella attack. The hypothesis was that seed hardness and the absence of palea could also significantly influence the life history of this pest. We assessed the suitability of different seeds from family Poacae (maize, wheat, barley, oats, ray, forage sorghum (variety), forage sorghum (hybrid), Sudan grass and millet) for P. interpunctella development and seeds susceptibility to pest attack (expressed in Susceptibility index –SI). The following parameters were monitored: larval mortality, adult emergence, mean developmental duration (from egg to adult) and female fecundity. Observations were carried out weekly, for 49 days. Data were statistically analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range Test. The highest larval mortality, the lowest number of emerged moths and the lowest fecundity were recorded on millet, Sudan grass and forage sorghum (variety and hybrid). However, the shortest larval development (27.8 days) and the highest fecundity (109.5-115.6 eggs) were on standard laboratory diet, maize and wheat. Morphometric measures of moths indicate that on unsuitable mediums like millet, Sudan grass, and different sorghum varieties the body lengths were statistically significantly shorter (0.5-0.6 cm) compared to other treatments (0.8-0.9 cm). According to the SI, the most susceptible were maize, wheat, barley, oats and ray, while moderately resistant were Sudan grass and millet. Testing kernel hardness and continuous improving of kernel resistance to storage insect pests could provide lower losses in stored grain quality and quantity.One of the most important pests of stored grains is Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), whose larvae feed primarily on germinal part of the kernels, causing a reduction of seed germination and seed viability. This is detrimental for seeds of high category. However, seeds of different species within the same taxonomic family have different morphology (thickness of seed-coat, presence or absence of palea, palea loose or firmly attached to the seed etc.), which affects the susceptibility of seeds to P. interpunctella attack. The hypothesis was that seed hardness and the absence of palea could also significantly influence the life history of this pest. We assessed the suitability of different seeds from family Poacae (maize, wheat, barley, oats, ray, forage sorghum (variety), forage sorghum (hybrid), Sudan grass and millet) for P. interpunctella development and seeds susceptibility to pest attack (expressed in Susceptibility index –SI). The following parameters were monitored: larval mortality, adult emergence, mean developmental duration (from egg to adult) and female fecundity. Observations were carried out weekly, for 49 days. Data were statistically analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range Test. The highest larval mortality, the lowest number of emerged moths and the lowest fecundity were recorded on millet, Sudan grass and forage sorghum (variety and hybrid). However, the shortest larval development (27.8 days) and the highest fecundity (109.5-115.6 eggs) were on standard laboratory diet, maize and wheat. Morphometric measures of moths indicate that on unsuitable mediums like millet, Sudan grass, and different sorghum varieties the body lengths were statistically significantly shorter (0.5-0.6 cm) compared to other treatments (0.8-0.9 cm). According to the SI, the most susceptible were maize, wheat, barley, oats and ray, while moderately resistant were Sudan grass and millet. Testing kernel hardness and continuous improving of kernel resistance to storage insect pests could provide lower losses in stored grain quality and quantity

Calibration model for near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for assessment of forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) composition

Bliska infracrvena spektroskopija (NIRS) se koristi za analizu hemijskih svojstava poljoprivrednih proizvoda bez prethodne pripreme uzorka. U ovom radu razvijen je kalibracioni model za merenje proteina i vlage za celo zrno i brašno stočnog graška. Dobijeni spektri obrađeni su kombinovanjem matematičkih modela (PLSR, MSC, prvog i drugog izvoda) i računate kalibracione greške. Greške pri merenju vlage celog zrna su u granicama (od -0,8 do 0,8) i brašna (od -0,7 do 0,8); pri merenju proteina celog zrna greške su (od -1,6 do 1,8) i brašna (od -2 do 2). Ovim ispitivanjem se dokazalo da je moguće odrediti količine proteina i vlage pomoću NIRS metode a dobijene greške se tolerišu i kalibracioni model je primenjiv u praksi.Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to analyze the chemical properties of agricultural products with no sample prepation. In this paper, a calibration model was developed to measure protein and moisture of forage pea in the whole seed and flour. The obtained spectra were processed by combining mathematical models (PLSR, MSC, first and second derivative) and calculating calibration errors. Measuring errors of the whole seed moisture are from (-0.8 to 0.8) and flour from (-0.7 to 0.8); measuring errors of the whole seed protein are from (-1.6 to 1.8) and flour from (-2 to 2). This test proves the possibility to determine protein and moisture via NIRS, errors are tolerated and the calibration model is applicable

Effect of row spacing on morphological traits and yield of forage sorghum and sudan grass

Krmni sirak i sudanska trava predstavljaju značajnu ugljenohidratnu komponentu u ishrani preživara. Za postizanje visokih prinosa zelene krme važno je primeniti kvalitetnu agrotehniku, pre svega izvršiti setvu na odgovarajući međuredni razmak. Cilj rada je da se odredi uticaj međurednog razmaka na morfološke osobine i prinos sorti krmnog sirka i sudanske trave. Ispitivane morfološke osobine nisu se značajno razlikovale pod uticajem međurednog razmaka, dok je na prinos zelene krme i suve materije razmak veoma značajno uticao. Na međurednom razmaku od 12,5 cm sorte su ostvarile prosečno najveći prinos zelene krme (70,1 t ha-1) i prinos suve materije (21,0 t ha-1 ). Za proizvodnju ovih useva preporučuje se uskoredna setva.Forage sorghum and Sudan grass represent a significant carbohydrate component in ruminant nutrition. In order to achieve high yield of green forage, it is important to apply quality agro-technology, mainly to seed at the appropriate row spacing. The aim of the paper is to determine the effect of row spacing on the morphological traits and yield of forage sorghum and Sudan grass varieties. Tested morphological traits did not differ significantly due to the effect of the row spacing, while green forage and dry matter yield were significantly different. At row spacing of 12.5 cm, the average green forage and dry matter yields were the highest (70.1 t ha-1 and 21.0 t ha-1). Seeding at the narrow rows is recommended for the production of these crops

Grain yield potential of spring dry pea varieties

Field peas are mostly used for animal nutrition in the Balkan region and in the countries of the former USSR, while in the countries of Western Europe, Canada, the USA and the Middle East they are mostly used for human nutrition. Over three years (2010-2012), the yield and grain yield components of the most widespread field pea varieties were examined. The lowest number of plants was determined in 'NS Junior' intended for combined use (65 plants/m2), while 'Dukat' and 'Partner' had 88 and 85 plants/m2 on average, respectively. The average stem height was 158 cm for 'NS Junior', and 65 and 70 cm for 'Dukat' and 'Partner', respectively. 'Dukat' (4846 kg/ha) and 'Partner' (4521 kg/ha) had significantly higher grain yields compared with 'NS Junior' (2717 kg/ha). The content of crude protein in the grain was highest in 'NS Junior' (27.6%), while 'Dukat' and 'Partner' had lower contents (23-25%).Proteinski grašak se uglavnom koristi za ishranu životinja u našem regionu i u zemljama bivšeg SSSR-a, dok se u zemljama zapadne Evrope, Kanade, SAD-a i Bliskog istoka najviše koristi za ishranu ljudi. Tokom tri godine (2010-2012) ispitivane su komponente prinosa i prinos zrna najrasprostranjenijih sorti proteinskog graška. Najmanji broj biljaka utvrđen je kod sorte NS Junior, namenjene za kombinovanu upotrebu (65 biljaka / m2), dok su sorte Dukat i Partner imale u proseku 88 i 85 biljaka / m2. Prosečna visina stabljike za sortu NS Junior iznosila je 158 cm, a za sorte Dukat i Partner 65 i 70 cm. Sorte Dukat (4846 kg / ha) i Partner (4521 kg / ha) imale su znatno veći prinos zrna u poređenju sa sortom NS Junior (2717 kg / ha). Sadržaj sirovih proteina u zrnu bio je najveći kod sorte NS Junior (27,6%), dok su sorte Dukat i Partner imale između 23 i 25%

Novi izazovi u oplemenjivanju crvene deteline (Trifolium pretense L.) u održivoj poljoprivredi

Saglasno trendovima održive i organske poljoprivrede u proizvodnji zdravstveno-bezbedne stočne hrane, noviji pravci u oplemenjivanju crvene deteline imaju za cilj stvaranje dugovečnijih sorti, poboljšanog kvaliteta. Istovremeno brojni su primeri alternativnog korišćenja crvene deteline u proizvodnji funkcionalne hrane bogate izoflavonima. Rizomska forma podzemnog stabla nije svojstvena crvenoj detelini, međutim neke srodne vrste (Trifolium medium) poseduju takvu formu. Kulturom embriona u skorije vreme je dobijen (Jakešova et al, 2011, 2014) i komercijalizovan prvi hibrid između Treifolium pretense i Trifolium medium, pod nazivom „Pramedi“ sa rizomskom formom podzemnog stabla čime je pre svega povećana perzistentnost

Mogućnosti i novosti u proizvodnji alternativnih kultura

Alternativne ratarske vrste najčešće se gaje na manjim površinama i veoma su značajne za organske sisteme gajenja, jer su dobro prilagođene različitim agroekološkim i zemljišnim uslovima. Za planiranje profitabilne proizvodnje, tehnologiju proizvodnje treba prilagoditi specifičnostima biljne vrste i sorte. Tokom 2016. godine bili su relativno povoljni uslovi za proizvodnju alternativnih kultura, tako da su postignuti visoki prinosi semena i ostvarena je dobra proizvodnja. Proizvedeno seme svih alternativnih kultura bilo je visokog kvaliteta, što je od posebnog značaja za semensku proizvodnju. Za setvu u 2017. godini Institut ce imati na raspolaganju dovoljno visokokvalitetnog semena sirka, heljde, prosa, facelije, tikava, konoplje, duvana i lekovitog, začinskog i aromatičnog bilja. Novosti u proizvodnji alternativnih kultura su facelija i uljani lan

Proizvodnja kabaste stočne hrane

Nedostatak dovoljnih količina kvalitetne kabaste stočne hrane danas je verovatno najveći problem u ishrani preživara. Kabasta hraniva se karakterišu time što imaju veći udeo vlakana (iznad 18% sirove celuloze), voluminozna su i u osnovi predstavljaju vegetativni deo različitih biljnih vrsta. Zastupljenost dostupne (svarljive) energije u ovim hranivima je niža po jedinici mase ili zapremine nego kod koncentrata. Kvalitet kabastih hraniva uslovljen je ponajviše biološkom pripadnošću krmne kulture i fazom razvića. Svi sistemi normiranja obroka u ishrani preživara polaze od toga da dobro izbalansiran obrok omogućuje da životinje bolje konzumiraju i iskoriste hranu. Trave i leguminoze su osnovna kabasta hraniva i čine 2/3 suve materije obroka. Ako se koriste na pravi način, ova kabasta hraniva su veoma dobar izvor proteina, karotina, kalcijuma i drugih minerala

Aktuelni sortiment NS krmnog bilja za 2020. godinu

U cilju intenziviranja stočarske proizvodnje, rešenje treba tražiti u gajenju visoko prinosnih krmnih biljaka dobrog kvaliteta. Zajedno sa naporima da se smanji energetska potrošnja, zagađenje životne sredine i intenziviraju sistemi održive poljoprivrede, treba razmotriti mogućnost povećanja površina pod ovim biljnim kulturama. Dominantan način iskorišćavanja krmnih biljaka je proizvodnja kabaste stočne hrane (zelena krma, seno, senaža i silaža) sa izuzetkom proteinskog graška koji se koristi za proizvodnju zrna. Značajan doprinos u proizvodnji kvalitetne i raznovrsne stočne hrane u Republici Srbiji pripada Odeljenju za krmno bilje čiju osnovnu delatnost čini naučnoistraživački rad, oplemenjivanje i stvaranje novih sorti lucerke, crvene deteline, stočnog graška, grahorice, stočnog kelja, krmnog sirka i sudanske trave

Morfološko molekularna identifikacija vrste Ascochyta pisi

Poslednjih godina u različitim delovima Srbije zapažena je manja ili veća pojava patogena iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa, kako na stočnom, tako i na konzumnom grašku. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se prouče morfološke, molekularne i odgajivačke odlike gljive A. pisi, kao i njihova patogenost i rasprostranjenost na teritoriji Republike Srbije, kao i da se ispita tolerantnost domaćeg sortimenta stočnog graška prema navedenom patogenu. U periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, utvrđeno je prisustvo Ascochyta spp. na 27 različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji. Morfološko-molekularnim analizama sakupljenih izolata, utvrđeno je prisustvo vrste A. pisi na 11 lokaliteta u Srbiji. Od ukupnog broja izolata poreklom iz Srbije, 26 izolata (34%) je pripadalo vrsti A. pisi

NS Asja, sorta aleksandrijske deteline

Ovo je novostvorena sorta aleksandrijske deteline (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) NS Asja priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije.This is a registered newly-developed cultivar of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) NS Asja released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia.Broj rešenja: 320-04-01247/209-11 Datum rešenja: 04.01.2021