Single coronary artery incidence in 215,140 patients undergoing coronary angiography

Background: The aim of our study is to determine the incidence of single coronary artery (SCA). SCA is a rarely seen coronary anomaly in which the right coronary artery and the left main coronary artery arise from single aortic sinus. Although SCA has a benign course in most cases and its clinical significance is unknown, in some autopsy studies it was shown to be related to sudden cardiac death. Materials and methods: SCA patients detected among 215,140 coronary angiographies (CAG) performed between 1998 and 2013 in SANKO Hospital were included in our study. The classification of CAG was made according to the two different classifications defined by Smith and Lipton and colleagues. Results: A total number of 215,140 patients who underwent routine CAG were included in the study, and SCA was detected in 67 (0.031%) patients. There were 6 (9%) type R-I, 23 (34%) type R-II, 10 (15%) type R-III, 16 (24%) type L-I and 12 (18%) type L-II patients according to the angiographic classification. Conclusions: SCA is rarely seen during routine cardiac catheterisation and its incidence is 0.014–0.066% in angiographic series. In our study, the incidence was shown to be similar to the previous studies.

Oxidation Behavior of Mo Containing Alloys

In this study, high temperature (T>500 degrees C) oxidation behavior of two commercial Ni-base alloys and two experimental alloys, all containing more than 10% Molybdenum, is investigated. Experimental alloys were prepared from high purity materials using an arc-melting furnace under a protective environment. During tests, samples were exposed to the stagnant air environment of a high temperature furnace for predetermined times. Extent of oxidation was determined from sample mass change measurements as well as morphological and chemical analyses of the oxidation products. For analyses, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with backscattered electron (BE) and energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) detectors was used. Crystalline phases formed in the product scales over the alloy samples were identified by an x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Preliminary results indicate that although Mo in the alloy prevents the development of a protective oxide; scale at the alloy surface, presence of alloying elements such as Cr or Al can decrease this negative effect of Mo on oxide scale formation

Effect of boronizing on the cyclic oxidation of stainless steel

In this study, the effect of boronizing surface treatment on the cyclic oxidation behavior of 304-type stainless steel was investigated. Boronizing treatment was carried out at 950 degrees C for 4 and 8 h. XRD analyses indicated FeB, Fe2B, and CrB phases as the boronizing products formed in the steel. During the cyclic oxidation tests conducted at 800 degrees C in air, boronized samples gained less weight than as-received samples and had oxide scales that grew according to the parabolic law. Such kinetic behavior is thought to be related to the presence, besides metal oxides, of an iron borate (FeBO3) and a liquid (B2O3) phase in the scale. Based on the analyses results and the observation that alloy samples that were boronized the longest had the lowest weight gains during oxidation, it is proposed that the boronizing surface treatment can be more effective under cyclic oxidation conditions because the complete conversion of borides to oxides may take longer as a result of thermal cycling. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of c-BN and h-BN at Elevated Temperatures

The aim of this study is to determine the cyclic oxidation behavior of cubic boron nitride (c-BN) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in air atmosphere at elevated temperatures. For this purpose, as-received powders of both compounds were first characterized by XRD and SEM. c-BN and h-BN powders were shaped by cold pressing for oxidation studies. Tests were performed in air atmosphere at 800 degrees C and 1000 degrees C for 5, 10, 15 and 20 hours. After each oxidation test, the mass changes were measured. XRD, SEM and EDS analyses were conducted on the oxidized samples and the results were discussed

Effect of boronizing on the oxidation of niobium

Niobium (Nb) and its alloys are used in various industrial applications including metal processing, nuclear power generation and manufacturing of metallic superconductors and rocket nozzles. Although it is resistant to corrosion in several liquid media, Nb has a high oxidation rate in environments such as air at temperatures above 400 degrees C. In this study, the effect of the boronizing surface treatment on the morphology and structure of the oxide scales developed over Nb at 800-1000 degrees C, in air, was investigated. As-received Nb samples were observed to lose weight at and above 800 degrees C by the cracking, spallation and decohesion of thick Nb2O5 scales. However, oxide scales developed over the boronized samples at the same temperatures were comparatively protective for the metal. Based on the oxidation test results and characterization of the products, it is concluded that the positive effect of the boronizing surface treatment is due to the development of oxidation products including a liquid phase containing boron compounds. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

In vitro biological activity of Salvia fruticosa Mill. infusion against amyloid β-peptide-induced toxicity and inhibition of GSK-3β, CK-1δ, and BACE-1 enzymes relevant to Alzheimer's disease

The authors would like to thank Dr. Ana Martinez (CSIC-CIB) for her kind and valuable support concerning the enzyme assays. Also many thanks to Dr. Ahmet Cumaog ̆lu for processing and arranging the Western blotting figures for the manuscript. MGG would like to thank Prof. Dr. Gerhard Wolber for providing the license for LigandScout 4.2Salvia species have been traditionally used to improve cognition and have been proved to be a potential natural treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Salvia fruticosa Mill. (Turkish sage or Greek sage) demonstrated to have anticholinergic effects in vitro. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of S. fruticosa infusion and its representative compound rosmarinic acid, which was detected by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The protective effects of the S. fruticosa infusion (SFINF) and its major substance rosmarinic acid (RA) on amyloid beta 1–42 -induced cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells together with p-GSK-3β activation were investigated. Their in vitro inhibitory effects against glycogen synthase kinase 3β, β-secretase, and casein kinase 1δ enzymes were also evaluated. The results showed that treatment with the all tested concentrations, SFINF significantly decreased Aβ 1–42-induced cytotoxicity and exhibited promising in vitro glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitory activity below 10 µg/mL (IC 6.52 ± 1.14 µg/mL), in addition to β-secretase inhibition (IC 86 ± 2.9 µg/mL) and casein kinase 1δ inhibition (IC 121.57 ± 4.00). The SFINF (100 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL) also activated the expression of p-GSK-3β in amyloid beta 1–42 treated SH-SY5Y cells. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that the S. fruticosa infusion possessed activity to prevent amyloid beta 1–42 -induced neurotoxicity and provided proof that its mechanism may involve regulation of p-GSK-3β protein.The authors are indebted to the Research Foundation of Erciyes University (TCD-2012-4006, FCD-2018-7834) for financially sup- porting the project