Homosexual Discrimination and Gender: Was Romer v. Evans Really a Victory for Gay Rights?

This article argues that while Romer v. Evans marked a victory for gays lesbians and bisexuals, its impact was shortlived. Lower courts have cited Romer v. Evans to uphold laws which discriminate against homosexuals in areas ranging from military service to employment. The argument developed in this article is that discrimination based on sexual orientation is a form of gender discrimination requiring courts to review such laws under intermediate scrutiny. Under this more demanding standard of review, many of the laws lower courts uphold under the rational basis standard would be struck down as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause

Homosexual Discrimination and Gender: Was Romer v. Evans Really a Victory for Gay Rights?

This article argues that while Romer v. Evans marked a victory for gays lesbians and bisexuals, its impact was shortlived. Lower courts have cited Romer v. Evans to uphold laws which discriminate against homosexuals in areas ranging from military service to employment. The argument developed in this article is that discrimination based on sexual orientation is a form of gender discrimination requiring courts to review such laws under intermediate scrutiny. Under this more demanding standard of review, many of the laws lower courts uphold under the rational basis standard would be struck down as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause

The Effectiveness of Principal Training and Formal Principal Mentoring Programs.

The purpose of this study was to determine principals\u27 perceptions of how effective mentoring programs and university-based principal preparation programs are in developing the skills necessary to carry out the 13 critical success factors identified by the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB). A review of the literature addressed what it means to be an effective principal and what an effective mentoring program should look like. The quantitative study was conducted using a survey developed from the SREB\u27s 13 critical success factors that have been developed to determine what makes a successful, effective principal. Each factor was developed into a question about whether or not Northeast Tennessee principals perceive that they were adequately prepared to be successful principals in their principal preparation programs and if they received any training through a mentoring program on these same 13 factors once they received their principalship. The overall results indicated that few principals participated in a formal mentoring program and those who did received a marginal amount of assistance on the critical factors identified by the SREB. The results also showed that, overall, the respondents indicated that they received more adequate leadership training during their principal preparation programs on the SREB\u27s factors in their classroom experience than they did through their hands-on experience; although, respondents did not give particularly high marks to either experience. Furthermore, respondents who belong to a cohort scored their training higher than those who did not belong to a cohort, and those who received a degree higher than a master\u27s degree reported a higher level of training than did their peers with only master\u27s degrees on some of the SREB\u27s critical success factors

Report on the Disabled Persons Loan Scheme of Project Ken/86/037

No142.pdf: 428 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

INCIDENCE OF COCCIDIA (EIMERIDAE) IN ADULT EWES AND LAMBS ON ST. CROIX

INCIDENCE OF COCCIDIA (EIMERIDAE) IN ADULT EWES AND LAMBS ON ST. CROI

Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic overhead athlete scores in asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers.

BACKGROUND: The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow score is a subjective questionnaire that has been validated and been shown to be more specific in overhead athletes than the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scale. The purpose of this study was to determine a mean KJOC score and reasonable range of KJOC scores within which a healthy asymptomatic professional baseball pitcher will fall. It was hypothesized that healthy professional baseball pitchers would have very high KJOC scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS: KJOC questionnaires were given to all healthy pitchers before the start of the season at all levels in 1 professional Minor League system. Pitchers were asked to complete the questionnaire upon reporting to their AAA, AA, or A affiliate team. Any pitcher starting the season on the disabled list was excluded from the study. RESULTS: KJOC scores were returned by 44 pitchers. The mean score for all pitchers was 94.82 (95% confidence interval, 92.94-96.70). The mean score for each question was greater than 9 of 10. The mean score for the AAA affiliate was significantly higher than that for the AA affiliate (P = .015). No other significant differences in scores were found between class levels or groups based on professional playing experience. CONCLUSION: Only 7 of 44 healthy asymptomatic pitchers (16%) had a KJOC score below 90. Therefore, we believe that the KJOC score is an accurate assessment for overhead athletes and normal values should be greater than 90. Anything below this value could be a potential cause for concern for team physicians. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Basic Science, Survey Study, Healthy Subjects

Training needs and supports for evidence-based decision making among the public health workforce in the United States

BACKGROUND: Preparing the public health workforce to practice evidence-based decision making (EBDM) is necessary to effectively impact health outcomes. Few studies report on training needs in EBDM at the national level in the United States. We report competency gaps to practice EBDM based on four U.S. national surveys we conducted with the state and local public health workforce between 2008 and 2013. METHODS: We compared self-reported data from four U.S. national online surveys on EBDM conducted between 2008 and 2013. Participants rated the importance of each EBDM competency then rated how available the competency is to them when needed on a Likert scale. We calculated a gap score by subtracting availability scores from importance scores. We compared mean gaps across surveys and utilized independent samples t tests and Cohen’s d values to compare state level gaps. In addition, participants in the 2013 state health department survey selected and ranked three items that “would most encourage you to utilize EBDM in your work” and items that “would be most useful to you in applying EBDM in your work”. We calculated the percentage of participants who ranked each item among their top three. RESULTS: The largest competency gaps were consistent across all four surveys: economic evaluation, communicating research to policymakers, evaluation designs, and adapting interventions. Participants from the 2013 state level survey reported significantly larger mean importance and availability scores (p <0.001, d =1.00, and p <0.001, d = .78 respectively) and smaller mean gaps (p <0.01, d = .19) compared to the 2008 survey. Participants most often selected “leaders prioritizing EBDM” (67.9%) among top ways to encourage EBDM use. “EBDM training for specific areas” was most commonly ranked as important in applying EBDM (64.3%). CONCLUSION: Perceived importance and availability of EBDM competencies may be increasing as supports for EBDM continue to grow through trends in funding, training, and resources. However, more capacity building is needed overall, with specific attention to the largest competency gaps. More work with public health departments to both situate trainings to boost competency in these areas and continued improvements for organizational practices (leadership prioritization) are possible next steps to sustain EBDM efforts