Hubungan Merokok Dengan Saturasi Oksigen Pada Pegawai Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado

: Smoking is an overt behavior in which smokers inhale tobacco rolls. The degree of smoking can be determined based on the Brinkman index. Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) estimates there are currently 7.9 billion adults who are actively smoking and 3.5 billion people are exposed to secondhand smoke in the workplace. This research aims to identify oxygen saturation of smokers and the correlation between smoking and oxygen saturation of administration staffs in the Medical Faculty of Sam Ratulangi University Manado. This research was a cross sectional study that was conducted on 30 administration staffs at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi. The correlation analysis was carried out using Kruskall-Wallis. Most respondents were mild smokers (63.33%) with the average oxygen saturation 98.37. Moderate Smokers have an average oxygen saturation of 97.86, and heavy smokers 96.25. All respondents had an average oxygen saturation of 97.97. All respondents are still categorized as having normal oxygen saturation (95-100%). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between smoking and oxygen saturation. The more severe the degree of smoking, the lower level of oxygen saturation obtained in the blood

KETIDAKSANTUNAN BERBAHASA ANAK USIA 11-12 TAHUN DI KELURAHAN TANGGIKIKI KECAMATAN SIPATANA KOTA GORONTALO DALAM BERINTERAKSI PADA GAME ONLINE FREE FIRE

Doda, Amalia Ziqra. Student ID 311417069, 2022 Language impolitiness of Grade V Student at SDN Elementary School Tanggikiki Village, Sipatana District, Gorontalo City, Interacting in Free Fire Online Game. Undergraduate Thesis, Studi Program of Indonesian Language and Literature, Faculty Letters and Culture Principal Supervisor: Dr. Dakia N. Djou, Hum; Co-supervisor: Rahmatan Idul, S.S M.A. Language is an imteraction tool humans trough speech or mevement. Language politeness is one of the languages part Politeness that plays a crucial role in facilitating interactions between individuals and groups. In addition, language politeness is improtant to take into account in communicating. The use of language in the form of speech has becoms casier due to technological advances in the modern era, particulalry many activities in daily life nowadays utilizing the electronic devuce, one of which is a cellphone that can download anything, including Free Fire online games. This study aimed to describe violations of politeness principles in the language in Grade V at SDN 89 Elementary School Tanggikiki Village Sipatana District Gorontalo City that occur in the process of interacting in Free Fire online games based on Leech politeness principles. It relied on a qualitative descriptive method. The data analysis technique used was data transcribing, while data collection techniques used interview technique, free-involved listening, note-talking, recordings, identifying, analizyng, and conclusioan drawing-findings: Impoliteness as a result of violating the maxim of wisdom found in student grade V, namely 9 violations, 7 violations of the maxim of generosity, 16 violations of the maxim of praise, 8 violations od the humility maxim, 6 violations of the maxim of agreement, and 7 violations of the maxim of sympathy. Keywords: Impoliteness, Language, Students

Development of overturning circulation in sloping waterbodies due to surface cooling

Cooling the surface of freshwater bodies, whose temperatures are above the temperature of maximum density, can generate differential cooling between shallow and deep regions. When surface cooling occurs over a long enough period, the thermally induced cross-shore pressure gradient may drive an overturning circulation, a phenomenon called 'thermal siphon'. However, the conditions under which this process begins are not yet fully characterised. Here, we examine the development of thermal siphons driven by a uniform loss of heat at the air-water interface in sloping, stratified basins. For a two-dimensional framework, we derive theoretical time and velocity scales associated with the transition from Rayleigh-Benard type convection to a horizontal overturning circulation across the shallower sloping basin. This transition is characterised by a three-way horizontal momentum balance, in which the cross-shore pressure gradient balances the inertial terms before reaching a quasi-steady regime. We performed numerical and field experiments to test and show the robustness of the analytical scaling, describe the convective regimes and quantify the cross-shore transport induced by thermal siphons. Our results are relevant for understanding the nearshore fluid dynamics induced by nighttime or seasonal surface cooling in lakes and reservoirs

Lake surface cooling drives littoral-pelagic exchange of dissolved gases

The extent of littoral influence on lake gas dynamics remains debated in the aquatic science community due to the lack of direct quantification of lateral gas transport. The prevalent assumption of diffusive horizontal transport in gas budgets fails to explain anomalies observed in pelagic gas concentrations. Here, we demonstrate through high-frequency measurements in a eutrophic lake that daily convective horizontal circulation generates littoral-pelagic advective gas fluxes one order of magnitude larger than typical horizontal fluxes used in gas budgets. These lateral fluxes are sufficient to redistribute gases at the basin-scale and generate concentration anomalies reported in other lakes. Our observations also contrast the hypothesis of pure, nocturnal littoral-to-pelagic exchange by showing that convective circulation transports gases such as oxygen and methane toward both the pelagic and littoral zones during the daytime. This study challenges the traditional pelagic-centered models of aquatic systems by showing that convective circulation represents a fundamental lateral transport mechanism to be integrated into gas budgets. Cooling-induced horizontal circulation redistributes gases daily between littoral and pelagic lake waters under calm conditions