Rote Liste der Schwebfliegen (Diptera: Syrphidae) Baden-Württembergs / [Autoren Dieter Doczkal, Klaus Rennwald & Ulrich Schmid]. Fachdienst Naturschutz ... Hrsg. von der Landesanstalt für Umweltschutz Baden-Württemberg

Schwebfliegen kommen in großer Zahl in fast allen terrestrischen Lebensräumen vor. Dennoch spielen sie bisher in der praktischen Naturschutzarbeit eine untergeordnete Rolle. Verglichen mit anderen Tiergruppen, wie den Tagfaltern, Laufkäfern oder Wildbienen, werden sie nur selten im Rahmen raumrelevanter Planungen berücksichtigt. Dabei decken sie wie keine andere der häufiger untersuchten Gruppen ein breites Spektrum unterschiedlicher Lebensweisen ab. Während die Imagines der meisten Arten eifrige Blütenbesucher sind und eine wichtige Funktion als Bestäuber ausüben, zeichnen sich die Larven durch eine hohe Diversität von Lebensstrategien aus. Die phytophagen Arten minieren in Stängeln, Wurzeln oder Blättern, befallen unterirdische Speicherorgane von Pflanzen oder zapfen das Kambium von Nadelbäumen an. Manche Arten leben in den Fruchtkörpern von Pilzen. Saprophage Arten nutzen abgestorbene feuchte Pflanzen, an organischem Material reiche Gewässer (Pfützen, Teiche, wassergefüllte Baumhöhlen, etc.), leben in Schleimflüssen von Bäumen, in sich zersetzendem Holz, in Säugerkot oder ernähren sich vom Abfall in Wespen- und Hummelnestern. Die zoophagen Vertreter fressen Blattläuse, Raupen, Wespen- oder Ameisenbrut. Schwebfliegen findet man in praktisch allen terrestrischen Lebensräumen, im Wald ebenso wie auf Äckern und im Grünland, auf Sandrasen wie im Hochmoor. In Mitteleuropa sind die meisten Arten eher in frischen bis feuchten Lebensräumen zu finden, Wälder und andere gehölzreiche Lebensräume sind artenreicher als ganz offene Biotope. Einen für interessierte Laien geschriebenen Überblick über die Lebensweise der Schwebfliegen hat SCHMID (1996) veröffentlicht

Taxonomic revision of the afrotropical genus <i>Megatrigon </i>Johnson, 1898 (Diptera: Syrphidae)

The genus-group taxon Megatrigon Johnson, 1898, stat. nov., is revised and treated as a valid genus within the Merodontini (= Eumerini). Extensive diagnoses are given for the genus and for its three constituent species groups: argenteus group [11 spp.], nivalis group [monotypic], sexfasciatus group [3 spp.]. Five new generic combinations are proposed within Megatrigon: M. argenteus (Walker, 1852) comb. nov., M. flavimarginatus (Hull, 1964) comb. nov., M. jacobi (Hervé-Bazin, 1913) comb. nov., M. nivalis (Hull, 1964) comb. nov. and M. ochreatus (Hull, 1964) comb. nov. All species of the argenteus group are revised and nine new species are described: Megatrigon apiformis sp. nov., M. argentifrons sp. nov., M. argentimaculatus sp. nov., M. cooksoni sp. nov., M. immaculatus sp. nov., M. magnicornis sp. nov., M. natalensis sp. nov., M. sexmaculatus sp. nov., M. tabanoides sp. nov. Within the sexfasciatus group, M. jacobi (Hervé-Bazin, 1913) comb. nov. is treated as a senior synonym of Eumerus connexus Hull, 1964 syn. nov., but no further work is done at the species level due to insufficient material

First records of Chrysotoxum volaticum Séguy, 1961 from Europe and Platycheirus marokkanus Kassebeer, 1998 from Spain (Diptera: Syrphidae) together with additional records of Spanish Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803

The first European records of Chrysotoxum volaticum Séguy, 1961 from Spain and France, and Platycheirus marokkanus Kassebeer, 1998 from Spain are provided. These are further examples of North African species also present in the Iberian Peninsula. Diagnostic characters are given to separate C. volaticum and the similar Chrysotoxum bicinctum (Linnaeus, 1758), and additional records of other Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803 hoverflies from Spain are also reported. We also provide DNA barcodes for C. volaticum and discuss the utility of DNA barcoding to identify species in the genus Chrysotoxum.The study of the material of Chrysotoxum in the NHM was made possible by receiving support from the SYNTHESYS project http://www.synthesys.info/ which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 “Structuring the European Research Area” Programme. Financial support was also provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (projects CGL2005-07213/BOS and CGL2006-13847-C02-01). Antonio Ricarte’s position (Ref. UATAL05) at the University of Alicante is funded by the ‘Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de Conocimiento’

DNA metabarcoding for biodiversity monitoring in a national park: Screening for invasive and pest species

DNA metabarcoding was utilized for a large-scale, multiyear assessment of biodiversity in Malaise trap collections from the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany, Bavaria). Principal component analysis of read count-based biodiversities revealed clustering in concordance with whether collection sites were located inside or outside of the National Park. Jaccard distance matrices of the presences of barcode index numbers (BINs) at collection sites in the two survey years (2016 and 2018) were significantly correlated. Overall similar patterns in the presence of total arthropod BINs, as well as BINs belonging to four major arthropod orders across the study area, were observed in both survey years, and are also comparable with results of a previous study based on DNA barcoding of Sanger-sequenced specimens. A custom reference sequence library was assembled from publicly available data to screen for pest or invasive arthropods among the specimens or from the preservative ethanol. A single 98.6% match to the invasive bark beetle Ips duplicatus was detected in an ethanol sample. This species has not previously been detected in the National Park

Species Identification in Malaise Trap Samples by DNA Barcoding Based on NGS Technologies and a Scoring Matrix

The German Barcoding initiatives BFB and GBOL have generated a reference library of more than 16,000 metazoan species, which is now ready for applications concerning next generation molecular biodiversity assessments. To streamline the barcoding process, we have developed a meta-barcoding pipeline: We pre-sorted a single malaise trap sample (obtained during one week in August 2014, southern Germany) into 12 arthropod orders and extracted DNA from pooled individuals of each order separately, in order to facilitate DNA extraction and avoid time consuming single specimen selection. Aliquots of each ordinal-level DNA extract were combined to roughly simulate a DNA extract from a non-sorted malaise sample. Each DNA extract was amplified using four primer sets targeting the CO1-5' fragment. The resulting PCR products (150-400bp) were sequenced separately on an Illumina Mi-SEQ platform, resulting in 1.5 million sequences and 5,500 clusters (coverage >10;CD-HIT-EST, 98%). Using a total of 120,000 DNA barcodes of identified, Central European Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera downloaded from BOLD we established a reference sequence database for a local CUSTOM BLAST. This allowed us to identify 529 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) from our sequence clusters derived from pooled Malaise trap samples. We introduce a scoring matrix based on the sequence match percentages of each amplicon in order to gain plausibility for each detected BIN, leading to 390 high score BINs in the sorted samples;whereas 268 of these high score BINs (69%) could be identified in the combined sample. The results indicate that a time consuming pre-sorting process will yield approximately 30% more high score BINs compared to the nonsorted sample in our case. These promising results indicate that a fast, efficient and reliable analysis of next generation data from malaise trap samples can be achieved using this pipeline

Drei neue Arten der Gattung Epistrophe (Diptera: Syrphidae), mit einem Bestimmungsschlussel fur die deutschen Arten

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Brachyopa grunewaldensis Kassebeer 2000

Brachyopa grunewaldensis Kassebeer, 2000 Examined material. Vienna: Lainzer Tiergarten, Johannser Kogel 250 m, 48°11’26’’ N, 16°13’51’’ E, 30.4.2016 (1&male;), leg. H. Heimburg & P. Richter, det. D. Doczkal; Lower Austria: Gänserndorf, NP Donau-Auen, Stopfenreuther Au 400 m, 48°08’43’’ N, 16°53’28’’ E, 6.5.2017 (1&female;), leg. H. Heimburg & P. Richter, det. D. Doczkal. Notes. Generally, this species is very rare and difficult to find most of the available material stems from Malaise traps (Doczkal & Dziock 2004). One specimen was found in a former hunting ground of Kaiser Joseph II, which is used today as a recreation area, called the “Lainzer Tiergarten”. The area is about 2500 hectares in size and mostly covered by a mixed deciduous forest. Its core zone is covered with very old Fagus spp. and Quercus spp. trees, the paths are bordered with Aesculus hippocastanum L. trees. One of the flies was found hovering near an external sap run of an old Fagus sylvatica L. tree. The second specimen was found in an alluvial forest dominated by Populus spp. trees. For more information on this species, see van Steenis et al. (2020).Published as part of Heimburg, Helge, Doczkal, Dieter & Holzinger, Werner E., 2022, A checklist of the hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Austria, pp. 151-209 in Zootaxa 5115 (2) on pages 154-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/635237