How do Candida glabrata´s biofilms respond to antifungal drugs?

Candida species are responsible for recurrent human infections, mostly in immunocompromised patients, due to their high vulnerability. Candida glabrata has been shown to have a major role in these infections being the second most prevalent species involved in human fungemia. Objective: To understand the effect of three different antifungal agents Fluconazole (Flu), Amphotericin B (AmB) and Caspofungin (Csf) - in C. glabratas biofilm formation, specially their role on matrix composition.Programa Operacional, Fatores de competitividade – COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia on the scope of the projects FCT PTDC/SAU-MIC/119069/2010, RECI/EBB- EBI/0179/2012, PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013 Project “BioHealth - Biotechnology and Bioengineering approachesto improvehealthquality",Ref. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDE

The (m,n)(m,n)-rational q,tq, t-Catalan polynomials for m=3m=3 and their q,tq,t-symmetry

We introduce a new statistic, skip, on rational $(3,n)$-Dyck paths and define a marked rank word for each path when $n$ is not a multiple of 3. If a triple of valid statistics (area,skip,dinv) are given, we have an algorithm to construct the marked rank word corresponding to the triple. By considering all valid triples we give an explicit formula for the $(m,n)$-rational $q,t$-Catalan polynomials when $m=3$. Then there is a natural bijection on the triples of statistics (area,skips,dinv) which exchanges the statistics area and dinv while fixing the skip. Thus we prove the $q,t$-symmetry of $(m,n)$-rational $q, t$-Catalan polynomials for $m=3$.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Torsional rigidity for regions with a Brownian boundary

Let $T^m$ be the $m$-dimensional unit torus, $m \in N$. The torsional rigidity of an open set $\Omega \subset T^m$ is the integral with respect to Lebesgue measure over all starting points $x \in \Omega$ of the expected lifetime in $\Omega$ of a Brownian motion starting at $x$. In this paper we consider $\Omega = T^m \backslash \beta[0,t]$, the complement of the path $\beta[0,t]$ of an independent Brownian motion up to time $t$. We compute the leading order asymptotic behaviour of the expectation of the torsional rigidity in the limit as $t \to \infty$. For $m=2$ the main contribution comes from the components in $T^2 \backslash \beta [0,t]$ whose inradius is comparable to the largest inradius, while for $m=3$ most of $T^3 \backslash \beta [0,t]$ contributes. A similar result holds for $m \geq 4$ after the Brownian path is replaced by a shrinking Wiener sausage $W_{r(t)}[0,t]$ of radius $r(t)=o(t^{-1/(m-2)})$, provided the shrinking is slow enough to ensure that the torsional rigidity tends to zero. Asymptotic properties of the capacity of $\beta[0,t]$ in $R^3$ and $W_1[0,t]$ in $R^m$, $m \geq 4$, play a central role throughout the paper. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the geometry of the complement of Brownian motion on $T^m$, which has received a lot of attention in the literature in past years.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figur

Mass casualty events: what to do as the dust settles?

Care during mass casualty events (MCE) has improved during the last 15 years. Military and civilian collaboration has led to partnerships which augment the response to MCE. Much has been written about strategies to deliver care during an MCE, but there is little about how to transition back to normal operations after an event. A panel discussion entitled The Day(s) After: Lessons Learned from Trauma Team Management in the Aftermath of an Unexpected Mass Casualty Event at the 76th Annual American Association for the Surgery of Trauma meeting on September 13, 2017 brought together a cadre of military and civilian surgeons with experience in MCEs. The events described were the First Battle of Mogadishu (1993), the Second Battle of Fallujah (2004), the Bagram Detention Center Rocket Attack (2014), the Boston Marathon Bombing (2013), the Asiana Flight 214 Plane Crash (2013), the Baltimore Riots (2015), and the Orlando Pulse Night Club Shooting (2016). This article focuses on the lessons learned from military and civilian surgeons in the days after MCEs

On the geometry of almost S\mathcal{S}-manifolds

An $f$-structure on a manifold $M$ is an endomorphism field $\phi$ satisfying $\phi^3+\phi=0$. We call an $f$-structure {\em regular} if the distribution $T=\ker\phi$ is involutive and regular, in the sense of Palais. We show that when a regular $f$-structure on a compact manifold $M$ is an almost $\S$-structure, as defined by Duggal, Ianus, and Pastore, it determines a torus fibration of $M$ over a symplectic manifold. When \rank T = 1, this result reduces to the Boothby-Wang theorem. Unlike similar results due to Blair-Ludden-Yano and Soare, we do not assume that the $f$-structure is normal. We also show that given an almost $\mathcal{S}$-structure, we obtain an associated Jacobi structure, as well as a notion of symplectization.Comment: 12 pages, title change, minor typo corrections, to appear in ISRN Geometr