Çelik Çerçevelerin LRFD-AISC Şartnamesine Göre Av Arama Optimizasyon Yöntemi Kullanılarak Optimum Boyutlandırılması

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2013Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2013Bu çalışmada çelik çerçeveler için av arama optimizasyon yöntemini temel alan bir optimum tasarım algoritması sunulmaktadır. Aslan, kurt ve yunus gibi hayvanların gurup olarak avlanmalarından esinlenilerek geliştirilmiş olan av arama optimizasyon yöntemi de bu tekniklerin son dönemlerde ön plana çıkanlarından biridir. Bu avcılarıjn her biri avlanmalarını farklı şekillerde gerçekleştirir. Fakat ortak yönleri grup içinde birlikte av aramalarıdır. Avın etrafı çembere alınır ve yakalanana kadar çember daraltılır. Mevcut çalışmada av arama tekniği çerçeve optimizasyon algoritmasının otomasyonu için kullanılmıştır. İki boyutlu çelik çerçevelerin optimum tasarımının gereği olarak; yapı elemanlarının W profiline uygun olması, LRFD-AISC tasarım şartnamelerindeki sınırlayıcıları sağlaması ve çerçevenin minimum ağırlığa sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla burkulmayı da hesaba katan dayanım sınırlayıcıları göz önünde bulundurulmuş ve algoritmanın kolon ve kirişler için Amerikan Şartnamesindeki 272 kesit içerisinden seçim yapması sağlanmıştır. Her bir grup içindeki elemanlara aynı kesitin tayin edilebilmesi için eleman gruplandırılması yapılmıştır. Şartnamedeki sınırlayıcıları dikkate alarak minimum çerçeve ağırlığını hesaplayan bu algoritmanın etkinliği örnek problemlerle gösterilmiştir.This study presents a hunting search based optimum design algorithm for moment resisting steel frames. Hunting search algorithm is a numerical optimization method inspired by group hunting of animals such as wolves, lions, and dolphins. Each of these hunters performs hunting in a different way. However, they are common in that all of them look for a prey in a group. Prey is encircled and the ring of siege is tightened gradually until it is caught. Hunting search is employed for the automation of optimum design process, during which size variables are selected from an available W-steel section list in such a way that the weight of frame is minimum and the design constraints are satisfied. Provisions of LRFD-AISC (Load and Resistant Factor Design-American Institute of Steel Construction) are considered to formulate the optimum design problem. Different numerical examples are designed by the presented algorithm to demonstrate its efficiency. Results reveal that hunting search shows good performance in finding optimum solutions for moment resisting steel frames

THE ROLE OF FOLIC ACID IN THE TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

Objective: Depressive symptoms are the most common neuropsychiatric manifestation of folic acid deficiency. The objective of this research is to determine the role of folic acid in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Method: 60 outpatients with MDD and matched 30 healthy controls constituted the sample. The Personal Information Form was used to determine the sociodeniographic features of the patient and the control groups. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the criteria of MDD of DSM-IV were used to diagnos the MDD. 30 of the outpatients randomly selected as first group they were given fluoxetine (20 mgs per day), the remainders we given fluoxeline (20 mgs per day) and folic acid (5 mgs per day) as the second group. HDRS was applied lo the patients in 7^th, 14^th, 28^th, 42^th days and to the three groups at the beginning, and was measured serum folic acid levels 0 ^th, 14^th,. 28 ^th, 42^th days. After calculating HDRS scores and serum folic acid levels, the data were run on SPSS. The following statistical analyses were used in order to evaluate the data: variance analysis, student's t test. Mann-Whitney U test and Tukey's test. Result At the beginning, HDRS scores of first, second and control groups were 29.10, 26.93, 7.90 respectively. The mean serum folate levels were lower in the first and the second groups than It, controls. The decrease of HDRS scores were found to be faster in the second group than the first group. However, in 42^nd day, the difference between HDRS scores of the two groups was not significant statistically. Conclusion: As a result, one can say that adding folate to the treatment of MDD may reduce the occurrence and duration of MDD and increase the efficiency of antidepressant treatment

Anatomical and histological analysis of the salpinx and ovary in Anatolian wild goat (Capra aegagrus aegagrus)

Background: This study determined the anatomical and histological structure of the salpinx and ovary of the Anatolian wild goat (C. aegagrus aegagrus). Materials and methods: The salpinges and ovaries from four wild goats of similar ages were used. These goats were brought to the Kafkas University Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre (Kars, Turkey) for various reasons such as traffic accidents or firearm injury, but either could not be saved or were euthanased. Results: The mean length of the ovary was 13.22 ± 1.27 mm, width was 8.46 ± 0.88 mm, thickness was 5.67 ± 0.79 mm, and weight was 0.59 ± 0.17 g. The mean length of the salpinx was 58.11 ± 14.02 mm, width was 0.80 ± 0.22 mm, thickness was 0.41 ± 0.01 mm, and weight was 0.30 ± 0.08 g. The salpinx consisted of three different regions (infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus). These regions consisted of tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. Prismatic epithelial cells were observed in the lamina epithelialis of the tunica mucosa in every region. Conclusions: The data resulting from this study regarding anatomical and histological structures of the salpinx and ovary in the genital system organs of Anatolian wild goat will support other studies seeking to improve reproductive efficiency and eliminate the danger of extinction of this species

The evaluation of cerebral venous normal anatomy and variations by phase-contrast cranial magnetic resonance venography

Background: The aim of our study is to determine the ability of the PC-CMRV technique to detect cranial anatomy, variations, thrombosis, to reveal the deficits of the technique and to discuss the reasons for these deficits on a physics basis. Materials and methods: PC’s detection rates of anatomic variations and physiological filling defects (FDs) were evaluated in 136 patients and compared with the time-of-flight (TOF) technique MRI and cadaveric studies. Results: The dominance correlation between the three evaluated sinuses (transverse sinus (TS), sigmoid sinus, jugular vein) which originated from different embryological buds were statistically significant and the right vessel chain was dominant. PC is inadequate to show some vessels like inferior sagittal sinus (anatomically, this vessel is approximately present in 100% of the cases, but it was only visualized in 41.2% of the patients in PC-MRI). Visualization of major veins was sufficient. PC-MRI creates physiological FDs in 27.2% (72,3% middle,10.3% inner,17% outer part) of the patients. The FDs were concentrated in the middle part and not observed in the dominant sinus. Conclusions: The defects of visualization are present due to the PC’s technique. It can be misdiagnosed as agenesis or thrombosis. PC creates a high incidence of physiologic FDs in TS. The results are not reliable, especially if FDs are in the middle part or non-dominant side

Pyramiding multiple genes for resistance to PVY, TSWV and PMMoV in pepper using molecular markers

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important vegetables cultivated worldwide. Many pests and pathogens cause economic yield losses in pepper. Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) are considered among the most destructive viruses affecting pepper in the world. Because chemical treatments have limited success for managing PVY, TSWV and PMMoV, resistant varieties are considered to be the most effective means of controlling these viruses. In this study, resistance genes to these viruses were successfully transferred to the superior sweet Charleston pepper line 'Y-CAR' using molecular markers and biological assays. As a result, a new line which is resistant to PVY, TSWV and PMMoV was developed. The results also showed the applicability of a pyramiding strategy for breeding multiple virus resistance in pepper. © Verlag Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TEYDEP foundation (3080171

Determination of the carrier concentration in InGaAsN∕GaAs single quantum wells using Raman scattering

Raman scattering from longitudinal optical phonon-plasmon coupled mode was observed in a series of InGaAsN∕GaAs single quantum well samples grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The phonon-plasmon mode spectra were fitted with the dielectric constant function based on Drude model that contains contributions from both lattice vibrations and conduction electrons. The carrier concentration is calculated directly from the plasmon frequency, which is obtained from the fitting procedure. An empirical expression for the electron concentration, [n], in InGaAsN∕GaAs samples is determined as [n]≈{2.35×1016(ωm−502)}cm−3, where ωm is the peak of the upper frequency branch, L+, of the phonon-plasmon mode measured in unit of cm−1. The phonon-plasmon coupled mode was also investigated in rapid thermally annealed samples

The Effect of Tranexamic Acid and Tourniquet Use on Tibial Cement Penetration in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasties

Background: In this study, our aim was to compare the effects of tourniquet and tranexamic acid (TXA) use on tibial cement penetration in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using radiograph images. In addition, we also aimed at investigating the effects of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and bone mineral density on cement penetration. Methods: One hundred seventy patients who underwent TKA for primary osteoarthritis were retrospectively evaluated. TXA was administered to patients in group 1 (n = 96), and tourniquet application was used in patients in group 2 (n = 74). Tibial cement penetration was evaluated radiologically on a total of 4 zones: 2 anteroposterior and 2 lateral zones. In addition, age, gender, BMI, and bone mineral density were recorded in each group. Results: The mean cement penetration in the total study population was 2.34 ± 0.24 mm, with a mean of 2.33 ± 0.25 mm in the TXA group and a mean of 2.35 ± 0.24 mm in the tourniquet group (P = .453). A negative correlation was detected between BMI and anteroposterior 1 values in the total and TXA groups (P = .022 and P = .029). In the evaluation of the differences between genders, significantly higher penetration values were observed only in the females in the tourniquet group (P = .024). Conclusions: The use of TXA instead of a tourniquet does not reduce the depth of cement penetration in TKA. The clinical implications of individual-induced penetration differences may be significant for future implant survival. © 2020 The Author

Prognostic factors of perioperative FLOT regimen in operable gastric and gastroesophageal junction tumors: real-life data (Turkish Oncology Group)

Background/aim: Perioperative FLOT regimen is a standard of care in locally advanced operable gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma. We aimed to determine the efficacy, prognostic factors of perioperative FLOT chemotherapy in real-life gastric and GEJ tumors. Materials and methods: The data of patients who were treated with perioperative FLOT chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed from 34 different oncology centers in Turkey. Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, pretreatment laboratory values, histological and molecular characteristics were recorded. Results: A total of 441 patients were included in the study. The median of age our study population was 60 years. The majority of patients with radiological staging were cT3-4N(+) (89.9%, n = 338). After median 13.5 months (IQR: 8.5–20.5) follow-up, the median overall survival was NR (95% CI, NR to NR), and median disease free survival was 22.9 (95% CI, 18.6 to 27.3) months. The estimated overall survival at 24 months was 62%. Complete pathological response (pCR) and near pCR was achieved in 23.8% of all patients. Patients with lower NLR or PLR have significantly longer median OS (p = 0.007 and p = 0.033, respectively), and patients with lower NLR have significantly longer median DFS (p = 0.039), but PLR level did not affect DFS (p = 0.062). The OS and DFS of patients with better ECOG performance scores and those who could receive FLOT as adjuvant chemotherapy instead of other regimens were found to be better. NLR was found to be independent prognostic factor for OS in the multivariant analysis. At least one adverse event reported in 57.6% of the patients and grade 3–4 toxicity was seen in 23.6% patients. Conclusion: Real-life perioperative FLOT regimen in operable gastric and GEJ tumors showed similar oncologic outcomes compared to clinical trials. Better performance status, receiving adjuvant chemotherapy as same regimen, low grade and low NLR and PLR improved outcomes in real-life. However, in multivariate analysis, only NLR affected OS. © TÜBİTAK

THE EFFECT OF 10-WEEK EDUCATIONAL GAMES ON ANTHROPOMETRIC AND FUNDAMENTAL MOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the effect of 10-week educational games applied to preschool children on anthropometric and fundamental motor skill development. The sample of the research consisted of a total of 48 children aged 5–6 who attended a private kindergarten. Anthropometric characteristics of the children and measurements related to performance tests, including height, body weight, BMI, chest circumference, waist circumference, and hip circumference, were taken. To measure performance characteristics, sit and reach, horizontal jump, vertical jump, and 10-meter sprint measurements were collected both as pre-tests before the 10-week educational games training and as post-tests after the 10-week educational games training. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations (SD), were calculated for the children's descriptive information. T-tests were applied to the anthropometric measurements before and after the 10-week educational game training. As a result, no significant difference was found between the performance test results of boys and girls. The anthropometric test results of the participants included in the study indicated a significant difference between the pre- and post-test measurements within groups and between groups. When the results of this study were compared with the results of other studies in the literature, the similarities and differences could be explained by factors such as genetics, nutrition, hormones, regional differences, training practices, muscle mass, warm-up, step frequency, physical activity level, psychological condition, differences in talent selection, accuracy of measurements (times, distances, etc.), calibration settings of the test device, temperature, elevation, environment, humidity, psychological condition, and training quality. Keywords: Motor skills1, educational play2, anthropometry3, children4

Sedoanalgesia Administration with Propofol and Ketamine for Minor Urologic Interventions

Aim: In this study we aimed to administer sedoanalgesia with propofol and ketamine combination in patients undergoing planned minor urologic interventions with limited anesthesia. By combining these two medications, lower doses may be used, and we aimed to provide sufficient sedation, analgesia and amnesia without disrupting hemodynamic and respiratory stability and to increase patient and surgeon satisfaction. Material-Method: The study included 53 patients with planned minor urologic interventions aged from 19 to 85 years and physical situation ASA I-III. After six hours starvation, patients were taken to the surgery. Patients were monitored for electrocardiography (ECG), oxygen saturation (SPO2 ) and non-invasive blood pressure. For use if necessary a nasal O2 cannula was inserted. A vein in the back of the left hand was opened and 5 ml/min isotonic sodium chloride infusion was begun. Patient heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) values were measured and a 5 point sedation scale (Table 1) was used to measure sedation scores. Basal values were recorded (0 min). Later patients were randomly divided into two groups with Group I administered intraurethral lidocaine gel for local anesthesia by the surgeon, while Group II were administered intravenous 0.015 mg/kg midazolam, 0.5 mg/kg 1% ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg 1% propofol by the authors for sedoanalgesia. At five minute intervals the HR, SAP, DAP, MAP, SpO2 values and sedation scores were measured and recorded. Results: Statistical evaluation found a statistically significant increase in SAP, DAP and MAP values measured at the 5th minute in Group I patients compared to preoperative values. In Group I patients, when the heart rate measured in the 1st and 5th minutes are compared with preoperative values there was a statistically significant increase identified. In Group II patients, there was a statistically significant fall in SpO2 values in the 1st and 5th minutes compared with preoperative values. When patient and surgeon satisfaction are compared with Group I, Group II was found to be statistically significantly higher. Though the blood pressure and heart rate increases in Group I patients were statistically significant, they were not at levels that required clinical intervention and/or treatment. Similarly the SpO2 decrease observed in Group II patients did not fall below 90% in any patient in spite of being statistically significant and rose again without clinical intervention and/or treatment. Conclusion: In this study we showed that sedoanalgesia administration with propofol and ketamine may be an alternative method for patients undergoing minor urology interventions that does not disrupt hemodynamic and respiratory stability, does not delay patient discharge, has low side effect incidence and has high patient and surgeon satisfaction