Does Uncertainty in Climate Policy Affect Economic growth? Empirical Evidence from the U.S.

This study aims to empirically investigate the short- and long-term effects of climate policy uncertainty on economic growth in the U.S. for the years 1990-2020. In the study, total workforce, foreign direct investments, and financial development variables were also selected as control variables, and the effects of these variables on economic growth were examined. The study used the ARDL bounds test approach to investigate the cointegration between the variables. The findings confirm the existence of a positive and statistically significant relationship between climate policy uncertainty and economic growth in the sample period in the U.S. In addition, the effects of total labor force, foreign direct investments, and financial development on economic growth were found to be positive and statistically significant in the study

Is Democracy Effective in Sustainable Development? Empirical Evidence from E7 Countries / Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmada Demokrasi Etkili mi? E7 Ülkelerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar

Without democracy and the alternative channels it brings, it is challenging to guarantee sustainable development. The lack of a democratic dimension of sustainable development research enables citizens and institutions to realize their development visions. In this context, the study aims to investigate the effects of democracy on sustainable development empirically. The relationship between democracy and sustainable development was investigated with the help of the annual data for the period 1990-2019 and the Han and Phillips (2010) method for the E-7 countries. According to the findings, democracy has a statistically significant and positive effect on sustainable development. On the other hand, the variables of GDP, innovation, and renewable energy consumption discussed in the study also have a positive and statistically significant effect on sustainable development. The study's findings show that democracy is a significant factor in promoting sustainable development in E-7 countries

Evaluation of periodontal health of the students in Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry

Objective: Since the dental students are expected to be good example with oral health behaviours and attitudes, to determine their oral health status and attitudes are important. The aims of our study are to assess the periodontal and dental status, oral health behaviours and attitudes of dental students in Marmara University and to identify the differences according to gender, level of education and habits. Method: A total of 538 students participated to our study. After filling out the questionnaire forms, anamnesis were taken, then clinical examination and periodontal measurements were carried out. Results: Brushing teeth 2/more times a day was found in 83.3% of the students and was higher in female, non-smoker and clinical students (p?0.001). Smoking percentage was 23% among all students and was higher in clinical and male students (p<0.01). The mean plaque index (P.I.) of the students was 1.09±0.22, gingival index (G.I.) 0.91±0.19, bleeding on probing (B.O.P.)%14.09±10.18, probing depth (P.D.) 2.17±0.24 mm, clinical attachment loss (C.A.L.) 0.12±0.17 mm, the number of missing teeth 0.52±1.05 and the decayed teeth 2.89±2.79. The mean G.I. and P.D. were higher but B.O.P. and C.A.L. levels were lower in the preclinical students than the clinical students (p?0.05). The mean P.I., B.O.P. and C.A.L. levels were higher in smokers than non-smokers (p<0.01). The low-physical activity percentage was 67% and these students had higher mean B.O.P. and P.D than moderate/high physically-active ones (p?0.05). Conclusion: Students should have a comprehensive programme on oral hygiene and negative effects of smoking starting from first year of education

Evaluation of periodontal health of the students in Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry

Objective: Since the dental students are expected to be good example with oral health behaviours and attitudes, to determine their oral health status and attitudes are important. The aims of our study are to assess the periodontal and dental status, oral health behaviours and attitudes of dental students in Marmara University and to identify the differences according to gender, level of education and habits. Method: A total of 538 students participated to our study. After filling out the questionnaire forms, anamnesis were taken, then clinical examination and periodontal measurements were carried out. Results: Brushing teeth 2/more times a day was found in 83.3% of the students and was higher in female, non-smoker and clinical students (p?0.001). Smoking percentage was 23% among all students and was higher in clinical and male students (p<0.01). The mean plaque index (P.I.) of the students was 1.09±0.22, gingival index (G.I.) 0.91±0.19, bleeding on probing (B.O.P.)%14.09±10.18, probing depth (P.D.) 2.17±0.24 mm, clinical attachment loss (C.A.L.) 0.12±0.17 mm, the number of missing teeth 0.52±1.05 and the decayed teeth 2.89±2.79. The mean G.I. and P.D. were higher but B.O.P. and C.A.L. levels were lower in the preclinical students than the clinical students (p?0.05). The mean P.I., B.O.P. and C.A.L. levels were higher in smokers than non-smokers (p<0.01). The low-physical activity percentage was 67% and these students had higher mean B.O.P. and P.D than moderate/high physically-active ones (p?0.05). Conclusion: Students should have a comprehensive programme on oral hygiene and negative effects of smoking starting from first year of education

Çocuk Hastalarda Avulsiyon Nedeniyle Kaybedilmiş Anterior Dişler Yerine Uygulanan Farklı Tedavi Yaklaşımları: 3 OLGU SUNUMU

Avulsiyon sık görülen görülen ciddi bir yaralanma tipidir. Avulse dişler uzun dönem takibi sonucu kaybedilebilir veya replantasyon gerçekleşmeyebilir. Bu durum avülse dişlerin yerine çocuklarda büyüme ve gelişmeyi olumsuz etkilemeyecek şekilde çeşitli tedaviler uygulamayı gerektirmektedir. Bu vaka raporunda üst kesici dişlerini avulsiyon sonrası kaybetmiş 3 farklı hastaya uygulanan tedavi yaklaşımları sunulmuştur. İlk olguda kaza yerinde dişleri kaybolmuş hastaya diş ilaveli hareketli yer tutucu yapılmıştır. Fakat işbirliği sağlanamamış, sabit yer tutucuya geçilmesine karar verilmiştir. İkinci olguda avulse dişiyle kliniğe başvurmuş hastanın dişi replante edilmiştir. 2 yıllık takip sonucu eksternal rezorpsiyon gözlenen dişin çekimi gerçekleşmiş ve yerine fiberle güçlendirilmiş adeziv köprü uygulaması yapılmıştır. Üçüncü olguda avulse 12 numaralı dişi replante edilememiş 10 yaşındaki erkek hastaya diş ilaveli hareketli yer tutucu yapılmıştır. Bu hastaların farklı tedavi yaklaşımlarıyla estetik , fonetik ,gelişimsel ihtiyaçları karşılanmıştır

Specified Species in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Predict Bacterial Diversity

BACKGROUND: Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples may give information of unattached (planktonic) subgingival bacteria. Our study represents the first one targeting the identity of bacteria in GCF. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We determined bacterial species diversity in GCF samples of a group of periodontitis patients and delineated contributing bacterial and host-associated factors. Subgingival paper point (PP) samples from the same sites were taken for comparison. After DNA extraction, 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified and DNA-DNA hybridization was performed using a microarray for over 300 bacterial species or groups. Altogether 133 species from 41 genera and 8 phyla were detected with 9 to 62 and 18 to 64 species in GCF and PP samples, respectively, per patient. Projection to latent structures by means of partial least squares (PLS) was applied to the multivariate data analysis. PLS regression analysis showed that species of genera including Campylobacter, Selenomonas, Porphyromonas, Catonella, Tannerella, Dialister, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Eubacterium had significant positive correlations and the number of teeth with low-grade attachment loss a significant negative correlation to species diversity in GCF samples. OPLS/O2PLS discriminant analysis revealed significant positive correlations to GCF sample group membership for species of genera Campylobacter, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, Dialister, Tannerella, Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, Eubacterium, and Actinomyces. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Among a variety of detected species those traditionally classified as Gram-negative anaerobes growing in mature subgingival biofilms were the main predictors for species diversity in GCF samples as well as responsible for distinguishing GCF samples from PP samples. GCF bacteria may provide new prospects for studying dynamic properties of subgingival biofilms

Ewing sarkomlu çocuk hastaların klinik özellikleri, prognostik faktörleri ve tedavi sonuçları: Tek merkez deneyimi

Introduction: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare, aggressive, malignant tumor. It is the second most common malignant bone tumor in children. A total of 20-25% of patients are metastatic at the time of diagnosis. The survival rate for localized disease (LD) is approximately 70-74%. For metastatic disease (MD), it is about 30%. The most important prognostic factor affecting survival is the presence of MD at diagnosis. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics, treatment outcome, and factors affecting the prognosis and survival of patients followed up with the diagnosis of ES. Materials and Methods: Between 2007 and 2020, a total of 24 ES patients aged 0-18 years were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The most common complaint was pain and swelling in the lesion area (n=9), followed by pain (n=5), swelling (n=3), abdominal pain (n=2), shortness of breath (n=2), facial paralysis (n=1), spinal compression findings (leg pain and walking difficulty) (n=1) and hematuria (n=1). ES was bone-derived in 19 patients (79%). Of these, 14 had LD and 5 had MD at the time of diagnosis. Extraskeletal Ewing sarcomas (EES), was detected in five patients (21%) and derived from the kidney (n=1), rectus abdominis (n=1), left quadriceps femoris muscle (n=1), left upper thoracic region and lumbar region paraspinal muscles (n=2). The rate of MD was 25% (6/24) in the entire patient group. Disease progression was observed in three patients during treatment. Relapse at follow-up was observed in 6 of 19 patients in complete remission. The median time to relapse was 20 months (minimum 13, maximum 34 months) from diagnosis. The median survival of our patients after relapse was 14.5 months (minimum 6-maximum 27 months). Radiological response and histopathological response to induction therapy, presence of relapse or progression, and relapse site were found to be correlated with survival (Fisher’s Exact test p=0.02, 0.0047, [removed]Giriş: Ewing sarkomu nadir görülen, agresif, malign bir tümördür. Çocuklarda görülen ikinci en sık malign kemik tümörüdür ES tanı sırasında lokal (LH) ve metastatik hastalık (MH) olarak karşımıza çıkabilir. %20-25 hasta tanı sırasında metastatiktir. LH’de sağkalım yaklaşık %70-74’tür. MH’de ise %30 civarındadır. Sağkalımı etkileyen en önemli prognostik faktör tanı sırasında MH varlığıdır. Bu çalışmamızda ES tanısı ile takip ettiğimiz hastaların klinik özelliklerini, tedavi yanıtlarını, prognozu etkileyen faktörleri ve sağkalımlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemizde 2007-2020 yılları arasında ES tanısı ile tedavi gören 0-18 yaş 24 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Başvuru şikayetleri en sık lezyon bölgesinde ağrı ve şişlik (n=9) iken, ağrı (n=5), şişlik (n=3), karın ağrısı (n=2), nefes darlığı (n=2), yüz felci (n=1), bacaklarda ağrı-yürümede zorluk yakınması ile gelen olgumuzda spinal bası bulguları (n=1) ve hematüri (n=1) hastaneye başvuru nedenleri idi. ES 19 hastada (79%) kemik kaynaklıydı. Bunların 14’ünde tanı sırasında lokal, 5’inde metastatik hastalık mevcuttu. Beş hastada (21%) ise ekstraskeletal saptanmış olup, böbrek (n=1), rektus abdominis (n=1), sol kuadriseps femoris kası (n=1), sol üst torakal bölge ve lomber bölge paraspinal kasları (n=2) kaynaklıydı. Tüm hasta grubunda MH oranı 25% (6/24) idi. Üç hastada tedavi altında progresyon görüldü. Tam remisyona giren 19 hastanın 6’sında (6/19) izlemde relaps gözlendi. Relaps zamanı tanıdan itibaren ise ortanca 20 ay (minimum 13, maksimum 34) idi. Hastalarımızın relaps sonrası yaşam süresi ortanca 14.5 ay (minimum 6-maksimum 27 ay) idi. İndüksiyon tedavisine radyolojik yanıt, indüksiyon tedavisine histopatolojik yanıt, relaps ya da progresyon varlığı ve relaps yeri sağkalım ile ilişkili olarak bulundu (Fisher’s exact test p=0,02, 0,0047, <0,001, 0,001). Sonuç: ES mortalite ve morbiditesi yüksek olan bir kanser türüdür. En sık semptom ağrı ve şişlik olmakla birlikte tümörün kaynaklandığı bölgeye göre semptomlar farklılık gösterebilir. Indüksiyon tedavisine yanıt, relaps-progresyon varlığı prognozu etkileyen faktörlerdir. Sağkalımı artırmak için tedavi kişiselleştirilmelidir

Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach in a Patient with History of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Radiotherapy in NPC patients has side effects on the dentition, which affects quality of life dramatically. This case report presents multidisciplinary dental treatment approach in a 17-year-old male patient with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The adolescent patient applied to dental hospital 4 years after the radiotherapy with aesthetic and functional problems on dentition affecting psychological, social, and physical aspects of his life. The dentition of the patient demonstrated the severe destruction as a devastating side effect of radiotherapy. With a successful multidisciplinary approach, our patient's aesthetics, function, and self-confidence were obtained. Well-established procedures, which include preventative care and maintenance, can reduce the duration and expenses of the treatment and help in challenging the life-long complications of radiotherapy

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Objective:Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the most important problems affecting both social and professional life of patients. There is no treatment method considered to be successful on the hearing loss that has become a permanent nature. Aim of this study is to evaluate protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against NIHL in an animal model.Methods:Twenty-eight rats were separated into four groups [control saline (group I), control KRG (group II), saline + noise (group III), KRG + noise (group IV)]. Rats in the saline and KRG groups were fed via oral gavage with a dose of 200 mg/kg/day throughout for 10 days. Fourteen rats (group III and IV) were exposed to 4 kHz octave band noise at 120 dB SPL for 5 hours. Hearing levels of rats were evaluated by distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 32 kHz frequencies prior to and on days 1, 7 and 10 after the noise exposure. Rats were sacrificed on 10th day, after the last audiological test. Cochlea and spiral ganglion tissues were evaluated by light microscopy.Results:Audiological and histological results demonstrated that after noise the group IV showed better results than group III. In the noise exposed groups, the most prominent damage was seen at the 8 kHz frequency region than other regions. After the noise exposure, DPOAE responses were lost in 1st, 7th and 10th measurements in both group III and IV. Thus, we were not able to perform any statistical analyses for DPOAE results.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that KRG seems to be an efficient agent against NIHL. There is need for additional research to find out about the mechanisms of KRG’s protective effect

Characteristics of periodontal microflora in acute myocardial infarction

Background: Periodontitis has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Systemic reactions associated with cardiovascular events may depend on characteristics of the subgingival microflora in periodontitis. Our objectives were to compare the numbers of cultivable bacteria, composition of subgingival microflora and clonal distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in two groups of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP), one with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI-GCP) and the other one without AMI (non-AMI-GCP). Methods: In all, 150 dentate individuals were screened for suitability to this study. Subgingival bacterial samples were collected from 11 AMI-GCP and 11 non-AMI-GCP patients who had been selected using strict inclusion criteria in an attempt to exclude confounding factors and to increase comparability of periodontal conditions by matching for periodontal probing depths and attachment levels. Culture methods were used to determine the total viable counts and occurrence and proportions of six periodontal bacterial species and yeasts. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Intraspecies characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans included serotyping and genotyping. Results: The mean proportions of P gingivalis (P = 0.05) and Tannerella forsythensis (T forsythensis) (P = 0.01) were significantly lower, but the numbers of Micromonas micros (M. micros) and A. actinomycetemcomitans were up to nine times higher and the mean total number of cultivable bacteria per sample higher (P < 0.01) in AMI-GCP than in non-AMI-GCP. Conclusion: The findings that no target subgingival species were overrepresented but the total bacterial number was higher in AMI-GCP than non-AMI-GCP patients may provide support to the hypothesis that elevated numbers of bacteria in close vicinity to sterile parenteral area present a risk for systemic health