OPEN PLURALISTIC SOCIETY AS ALTERNATIVE TO MULTICULTURALISM

Статья посвящена актуальной в современных условиях глобализации проблеме интеграции культурных и этнических меньшинств в европейское общество. Кризис политики мультикультурализма, отмечавшийся ведущими европейскими политиками и социологами еще с 2011 г., вызывает потребность в теоретическом осмыслении причин явления, равно как и поднимает вопрос об адекватности даваемых ранее оценок мультикультурализма.Цель – проанализировать происхождение и ключевые положения плюрализма и мультикультурализма на основе работ современных западных политологов и философов, в частности, Джованни Сартори – итальянского и американского политолога и философа, одного из крупнейших критиков мультикультурализма.Метод и методология проведения работы. Автор использует сравнительно-исторический и проблемно-хронологический методы.Результаты. В ходе проведенного исследования раскрываются причины провала политики мультикультурализма, вызывающей расчленение общества на закрытые группы и ставящие под угрозу национальную идентичность. В качестве альтернативы выдвигается идея построения открытого плюралистического общества, основанного на согласованности и сбалансированности разногласий и различий, но не подразумевающего ассимиляции.Область применения результатов. Материалы данного исследования могут быть использованы при разработке методов решения политических проблем, в частности сохранения идентичности национального государства, вызванных ростом потока нелегальной иммиграции в Европе, а также в дальнейшей научно-исследовательской работе, связанной с изучением современных тенденций глобализации и интеграции.The article is devoted to the topical in the modern globalization context problem of integration of cultural and ethnic minorities in European society. The crisis of the policy of multiculturalism noted by leading European politicians and sociologists as early as 2011, creating the need for a theoretical understanding of the causes of the phenomenon and the adequacy of earlier estimates of multiculturalism.Purpose – to analyze the origin and key provisions of pluralism and multiculturalism based on the works of contemporary Western political scientists and philosophers, in particular Giovanni Sartori, Italian and American political scientist and philosopher, one of the largest critic of multiculturalism.Methodology. The basic of research is the comparative historical and problem-chronological methods.Results. During the course of the study are revealed the reasons for the failure of multiculturalism, which ghettoises and closes off identities results in open society breakes down and subdivides into closed communities, endangering national identity. As an alternative it is suggested the idea of an open pluralistic society, which seeks to reduce and harmonizes differences, but without the goal of assimilation.Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied to develop methods to solve political problems, in particular the preservation of national identity, caused by the growth of the illegal immigration flows in Europe, and in further research work related to the study of contemporary trends in globalization and integration

Towards evaluation and simulation of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in high-latitude regions

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OG] Polar Geosciences, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor), National Institute of Polar Researc

Tendencies of interaction between Russian universities and companies implementing innovative development programs

The main aim of this article is to analyze key indicators and trends of global innovative development and their role in development. Attention is given to the consideration of several mechanisms of interaction between universities and state companies, with concrete measures and steps that can be used in economic policy. The authors analyze the real experience of the Russian economy now. Based on collected data for the total volume of R&D, revenues and the number of patents, regression models were constructed to determine the relationship between the named indicators. Recommendations and innovative ideas to improve the economic policy are given to achieve the goals and to justify the use of mechanisms of "compulsion to innovate" in state companies for the implementation of more productive development programs.peer-reviewe

Application of pile foundations in structurally unstable soils

The active development of the Asia-Pacific region is often accompanied by geotechnical problems that require a rational solution. The article presents the results of a laboratory experiment that simulates the process of slurried pile construction in sandy frozen soils. The authors present the dependence of changes in the temperature of the soil and cement-sand mortar in time, defined the maximum radius of thawing and the total duration of the process of thawing and freezing back to the natural state, given the recommendations for the design of slurried piles taking into account thermal interaction with permafrost soils. The article presents a laboratory study of the interaction of auger cast piles with frozen soil. The results of laboratory studies of the strength of cement mortars of different compositions, hardened at a negative temperature. Recommendations on the choice of the solution composition for the installation of grout-injected piles in frozen soil are given. The article presents the state of the question of designing multi-blade screw piles, reflects the relevance of the development of methods of calculation and updating the regulatory framework. The authors carried out calculations of the bearing capacity of screw piles on various calculation schemes, the results of which are compared with field tests. As a result of comparison recommendations on the choice of the reliable settlement scheme are given. The authors believe that the solution of the problems identified in the article related to the use of advanced types of pile foundations in difficult geotechnical conditions will significantly improve the reliability of structures, reduce construction time and reduce economic costs

Morphological and Genetic Variability of the Mass Whitefish Forms in Lake Onega

In Lake Onega, the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus has been shown to occur as a variety of forms. Medium- and sparsely-ranked whitefish are most abundant. Analysis of available data indicates that whitefish populations from Karelia’s large lakes display the maximum values of various genetic variability indices. This fact seems to be due to the history of the colonization of the lake by the discrete evolutionary whitefish lineages from various Late Quaternary habitats followed by their hybridization. A great variety of Onega whitefish haplotypes is probably related to the genetic heterogeneity of the whitefish who until recently had occurred as five ecological forms ranking as subspecies. The median network obtained suggests that many of the populations studied have become less abundant. The well-defined “star-like” network structure is characteristic of populations that passed through a narrow “bottleneck” in the near past and then expanded rapidly, as indicated by the abundance of rare haplotype varieties. It seems that the retreat of the Scandinavian glacier was not a momentary event but took a long time during which the populations formed were subjected to demographic transformations

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ БОКОВОЙ РЕАКЦИИ ПРИ ИЗМЕНЕНИИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ АМОРТИЗАТОРА

The article presents an analytical study of the influence of the technical condition of the shock absorber on the characteristics of lateral reaction change in the spot of contact of the elastic tire with the support surface. The process of moving the car around a circle with passing along a single road ledge is the object of research. The change in lateral reaction over time is a diagnostic parameter for monitoring the technical condition of the damper. Sensitivity and unambiguity of diagnostic parameter are calculated.Purpose. The theoretical justification for the method of diagnosing a car’s suspension depending on changes in lateral reactions at the point of contact of the wheel with the road.Methodology includes numerical methods for solving differential equations, methods of mathematical modeling and mathematical analysis.Results: the mathematical apparatus for an analytical research of sensitivity and unambiguity of lateral reactions of the car at change of parameters of technical condition of shock absorbers.Practical implications: organizations and institutions that develop vehicle diagnostic techniques can use the results.В статье представлено аналитическое исследование влияния технического состояния амортизатора на характеристики изменения боковой реакции в пятне контакта эластичной шины с опорной поверхностью. Исследуется процесс движения автомобиля по окружности с переездом единичной неровности. Предложено использовать зависимость боковой реакции от времени в качестве диагностического параметра для контроля технического состояния амортизатора. Выполнена оценка чувствительности и однозначности рассматриваемой зависимости.Цель – теоретическое обоснование метода диагностирования подвески автомобиля по изменению боковых реакций в пятне контакта колеса с дорогой.Методы проведения работы: использованы численные методы решения дифференциальных уравнений, методы математического моделирования и математического анализа.Результаты: разработан математический аппарат для аналитического исследования чувствительности и однозначности боковых реакций автомобиля при изменении параметров технического состояния амортизаторов.Область применения результатов: результаты могут быть использованы организациями и учреждениями, занимающихся разработкой методов диагностирования автотранспортных средств

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПРОЦЕССА ДВИЖЕНИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЯ ПО ПОПЕРЕЧНОМУ УКЛОНУ

The article presents an analytical study of the influence of the technical state of the suspension system on the stability parameters of the vehicle. The process of movement along the transverse slope with the disturbed state of the suspension is investigated. It is proposed to use the values of the lateral displacement, the angle of rotation and the time of the transient process of the angular velocity as the estimated parameters of motion stability.Purpose – Theoretical substantiation of the method for diagnosing the suspension by the kinematic parameters of the vehicle.Мethodology includes methods of mathematical modeling and numerical methods for solving differential equations.Results: a mathematical apparatus was developed for the analytical study of the process of vehicle movement when changing the parameters of the technical state of shock absorbers.Practical implications: the results can be used by organizations and institutions involved in the development of diagnostic methods for vehicles. В статье представлено аналитическое исследование влияния технического состояния системы подрессоривания на параметры устойчивости автомобиля. Исследуется процесс движения по поперечному уклону при возмущенном состоянии подвески. В качестве оценочных параметров устойчивости движения предложено использовать величины бокового смещения, угла поворота и времени переходного процесса угловой скорости.Цель – Теоретическое обоснование метода диагностирования подвески по кинематическим параметрам автомобиля.Методы проведения работы: использованы методы математического моделирования и численные методы решения дифференциальных уравнений.Результаты: разработан математический аппарат для аналитического исследования процесса движения автомобиля при изменении параметров технического состояния амортизаторов.Область применения результатов: результаты могут быть использованы организациями и учреждениями, занимающихся разработкой методов диагностирования автотранспортных средств