24 research outputs found

    The main peculiarities of the processes of the deformation and destruction of lunar soil

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    The main results of study of the physical and mechanical properties of lunar soil, obtained by laboratory study of samples returned from the moon by Luna 16 and Luna 20, as well as by operation of the self-propelled Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2 on the surface of the moon, are analyzed in the report. All studies were carried out by single methods and by means of unified instruments, allowing a confident comparison of the results obtained. The investigations conducted allowed the following values of the main physical-mechanical properties of lunar soil to be determined: in the natural condition the solid density corresponds to the porosity of 0.8; the modal value of the carrying capacity is 0.4 kg/square cm; adhesion is 0.04 to 0.06 kg/square cm; and the internal angle of friction is 20 to 25 degree. The main mechanisms of deformation and destruction of the soil are analyzed in the report, and the relationships between the mechanical properties and physical parameters of the soil are presented

    Selfgravitating Gas Spheres in a Box and Relativistic Clusters: Relation between Dynamical and Thermodynamical Stability

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    We derive a variational principle for the dynamical stability of a cluster as a gas sphere in a box. Newtonian clusters are always dynamically stable and, for relativistic clusters, the relation between dynamical and thermodynamical instabilities is analyzed. The boundaries between dynamically and thermodynamically stable and unstable models are found numerically for relativistic stellar systems with different cut off parameters. A criterion based on binding energy curve is used for determination of the boundary of dynamical stability.Comment: 10 figure

    ΠžΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ провСдСния искусствСнной вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρƒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… этапах ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ висцСро-абдоминальной диспропорции

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    Objective: to optimize artificial ventilation on the basis of studies of lung mechanical properties in neonatal infants with visceroabdominal disproportion in the perioperative period. Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 57 neonates, including 42 (73.7%) with gastroschisis and 15 (26.3%) with omphalocele. All the patients received intensive care, artificial ventilation using a Bear Cub apparatus in the control modes by the volume (A/C, SIMV/PSV) with continuous monitoring of hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics (dynamic compliance, resistance, pressure-volume loop, and flow-volume) by applying a graphics monitor. Intraabdominal pressure (IAP) was measured by the Crohn method. Results. The investigation showed an association between the changes in IAP in different stages of the study and those in respiratory parameters in newborns. Preoperative adaptation of the respiratory system was noted in all the neonates. Within the first 24 hours of the first-stage correction of visceroabdominal disproportion, both groups showed a gradual reduction in dynamic compliance by 3.4 times, a rise in resistance by 2.42 times with PIP being increased up to high figures β€” 20β€”22 cm H2O, as well as maximum value changes on the graphics monitor. The mechanical properties of the lung returned to relatively normal values at 72 hours of extension. Conclusion. Elevation of IAP to high values causes changes in respiratory mechanics and is a rather informative criterion for correction of ventilation parameters. Furthermore, a marked perioperative IAP increase (more than 10β€”11 mm Hg) maximally affects the mechanical properties of the lung in neonatal infants with visceroab-dominal disproportion. Key words: visceroabdominal disproportion, intraabdominal pressure, compliance, respiratory mechanics, resistance.ЦСлью исслСдования. ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ искусствСнной вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π½Π° основС изучСния мСханичСских свойств Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρƒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с висцСро-абдоминальной диспропорциСй Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ исслСдованиС Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ 57 Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… с Π³Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ β€” 42 Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… (73,7%), с ΠΎΠΌΡ„Π°Π»ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π»Π΅ β€” 15 (26,3%). ВсСм ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ интСнсивная тСрапия, искусствСнная вСнтиляция Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Β«Bear CubΒ» Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ… контроля ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ (A/C, SIMV/PSV) с постоянным ΠΌΠΎ-Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ дыхания (динамичСский комплайнс β€” Odyn, Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ β€” Rpk, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅-объСм, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ-объСм с использованиСм графичСского ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°). Π’Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ИсслСдованиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ связь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ измСнСниями Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈ-Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ давлСния Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… этапах исслСдования ΠΈ измСнСниями рСспираторных ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρƒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Π£ всСх ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ рСспираторной систСмы Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. На ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ сутки ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ этапа ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ висцСро-абдоминальной диспропорции Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ постСпСнноС ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ динамичСского комплайСнса Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… Π² 3,4 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ отмСчался рост рСзистСнтности Π² 2,42 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° с ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ PIP Π΄ΠΎ высоких Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ 20β€”22 см Π²ΠΎΠ΄. ст., ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ измСнСниями ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° графичСском ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅. ВозвращСния ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ мСханичСских свойств Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ показатСлям происходит ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Ρƒ 72 часов вытяТСния. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ давлСния Π΄ΠΎ высоких Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ измСнСниям ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ дыхания ΠΈ являСтся достаточно ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² вСнтиляции. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π’Π‘Π” (Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 10β€”11 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‚. ст) максимально влияСт Π½Π° мСханичСскиС свойства Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρƒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с висцС-Ρ€ΠΎ-абдоминальной диспропорциСй. ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова: Π²ΠΈΡΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π±Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ диспропорция, Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, комплайнс, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° дыхания, Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ

    ON THE ISSUE OF BROADENING THE LIMITS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION EXPERTISE CARRIED OUT BY PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE BODIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

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    The article views the issues of broadening the object and subject of anti-corruption expertise of normative legal acts and their drafts carried out by the prosecutor’s office bodies. The main theoretical approaches to defining the subject and object of anticorruption expertise are analyzed
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