Analysis of the cardiovascular risk factors in military above 35 years old

Introduction The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is mainly due to habits acquired during one’s life. However, military training has physical aptitude as one of its main objectives. The objective of the data analysis was to analyze the practiced physical activity, which is the most active age group and if the intensity of the physical activity influences the various parameters being analyzed. Methodology This evaluation focuses on some cardiovascular parameters like the incidence of family history, medication, smoking habits and blood pressure/heart frequency measurements; data from blood tests to examine the biochemistry; body composition through weight, height, abdominal perimeter and, through DXA, body fat; and with accelerometry the physical activity level has been determined. Results Sedentary physical activity is significantly greater during weekends instead of moderate and intense levels, which occur mainly during work-days. People who are between 45 and 54 years old are the ones who takes more anticholesterolemic medicine and also the one who show the best HDL values. The sedentary level of physical activity is positively and directly related with weight, which presents an inverse correlation with moderate physical activity, and also body fat parameters and abdominal perimeter. The highest prothrombin time levels and sedimentation speed are associated with sedentary physical activity. However, even though HDL levels are significantly greater when intense physical activity is practiced, this also creates higher values of INR. Intense physical activity is also responsible for some ischemic heart disease, reflecting an increase in CK-MB values. Discussion The abdominal perimeter proved to be a better predictor of intra-abdominal fat than the BMI. The youngest age group showed really high values of PCR, protein being a contributing factor for heart disease risk (Albert, Glynn & Ridker, 2003). The relation between physical activity and fat was inverse (Cederberg et al, 2011), while HDL results were better as physical activity increased (Gordon-Larsen et al, 2009). Physical activity intensity above average show little to no benefits (AAdahl, KJæer & Jørgensen, 2007), just like the increase of circulation CK-MB however, sedentary ones showed more changes when it came to coagulation. Balanced physical activity was moderate when it came to benefits/disadvantages

Dependence of the emission from tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum based microcavity on device thickness and the emission layer position

In this work, we present a systematic study of the emission from bilayer organic microcavity light emitting diodes with two metal mirrors. The devices consisting of two organic layers, N,NV-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,NV-diphenylbenzidine as the hole transport layer and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum as the emitting layer, and two metal mirrors were fabricated and characterized by transmittance, reflectance, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence measurements. The effects of layer thickness, interface position, and the choice of anode(bottom mirror) were investigated. The transmittance and reflectance spectra were modeled using a transfer matrix model, and the optical functions for all the materials used were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The dependence of the photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra on the device thickness and interface position is discussed

Top emitting OLEDs with multi-layered mirror consisting of metallic and dielectric layers

We report on an investigation into the design and optimization of multi-layered mirror structures for top-emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED). Our results show that the six-layer top mirror structure with optimally designed dielectric-enhanced metallic capping mirror proposed here exhibits more than three-fold improvement in the device luminance over the conventional LiF/Al top mirror The optical and electrical simulations were performed on a set of microcavity OLEDs consisting of widely used organic materials, N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) as a hole transport layer and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq(3)) as emitting and electron transporting layer. Ag was used as the anode/bottom mirror for maximum reflection. In order to optimize both the injection characteristics of the cathode and the cavity effect the structure of the multilayer top mirror was optimized, the structure used was a combination of a thin LiF/Al cathode capped by metallic and dielectric layers. The electroluminescence emission spectra, electric field distribution inside the device, carrier density, recombination rate and exciton density were calculated for devices with different top mirror configurations

Low temperature ferromagnetism of GaMnN grown on 6H-SiC (0001) by molecular beam epitaxy

GaMnN films with ∼3 at. % Mn were grown on 6H SiC (0001) by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The samples exhibited ferromagnetic properties at low temperature. The highest obtained Curie temperature Tc was 56K. The origin of the ferromagnetic properties was discussed. © 2005 IEEE

Defect emissions in ZnO nanostructures

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is of great interest in photonic applications due to its wide bandgap (3.37 eV) and high exciton binding energy (60 meV). In the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of ZnO, typically one U V band-edge emission peak and one or more peaks at the visible spectral range due to defect emission are observed. The PL emission of ZnO is commonly green, but other colors like yellow and orange are also reported. Out of the different visible peaks, the origin of the green one is the most controversial. The most commonly cited explanation for it is the transition between a singly oxidized oxygen vacancy and a photoexcited hole [K. Vanheusden, C. H. Seager, W. L. Warren, D. R. Tallant, and J. A. Voigt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 403 (1996).]. However, this hypothesis is established on ZnO phosphors but not on nanostructured samples. In this work, several ZnO nanostructures (nanorods, nanoneedles, nanoshells and tetrapod nanorods) were synthesized by thermal evaporation and chemical methods. The obtained nanostructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). It was found that fabrication methods significantly affect the defect emissions of the nanostructures. For different fabrication conditions, defect emissions in the green, yellow, and orange spectral ranges were observed. No correlation was found between the deep levels responsible for the visible emission and the EPR signal. Origins of the different defect emissions are discussed

Improvement in the Environmental Stability of Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Aluminum by Substitution of Sulphonic Acid in 8-hydroxyquinoline Ligand

Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) is a commonly used electron transporting and/or light emitting material in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, it is well known that Alq3 is very sensitive to atmosphere exposure and that photoluminescence of Alq3 films decreases with the time of atmosphere exposure. Degradation is also a serious problem in Alq3 based OLEDs. Several degradation mechanisms have been identified in these devices, including formation of unstable cationic species due to passage of holes. Therefore, there is lots of interest in improving the stability of Alq3. We have synthesized Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline-5 sulphonic acid) aluminum [Al(qS)3] in order to improve the stability. We performed electron spin resonance measurements on Alq3 and Al(qS)3 powders. Unlike Alq3 which exhibited strong ESR signal, Al(qS)3 produced no detectable ESR signal indicating absence of free radicals in this material. To test the environmental stability of Al(qS)3 films, we have performed photoluminescence (PL) measurements in humid air at different temperatures and found that Al(qS)3 exhibits improved stability. After comparing the stability of Alq3 and Al(qS)3 thin films, fabrication of the light emitting diodes with Al(qS)3 emitting layer was attempted in order to compare the performance with Alq3 based devices

Magnetic doping and characterization of n-type GaN

n-type GaN films grown on sapphire by MOCVD were doped with Mn and Cr by solid state diffusion and characterized by various methods. Hall measurement shows that the samples still remain n-type after the diffusion. Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) results show a good diffusion of Mn and Cr inside GaN. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals no secondary phases in the samples. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) results show that the samples are ferromagnetic up to room temperature. The possible origin of ferromagnetism is discussed. © 2005 American Institute of Physics