Microwave and millimetre radio wave propagation modelling for terrestrial line-of-sight links in Central Africa.

Doctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.The rapid expansion of the global telecommunication has led to an exponential growth in the demand of wireless services. This has led to the migration to higher frequency bands in the microwave and millimeter wave spectrum. Research has shown that rainfall is the most dominant factor affecting the provision of network services in these bands. Rainfall attenuation is among the major factors often considered in the design of wireless networks operating at higher bands within microwave and millimeter wave spectrum. At tropical and equatorial locations, not only is the occurrence frequency of rainfall events of serious concern to terrestrial and satellite communication systems, but also the high intensity of rain rates and drop size distribution result in extreme fading of line of sight (LOS) system during such events. In this work, daily rainfall measurements from the Rwanda Meteorology Agency (Meteo Rwanda) are obtained for 60 locations within equatorial Rwanda (between latitudes of 1o2'S and 2o45'S and longitudes of 280 45'E and 30052'E), in Central Africa, to develop rain rate and rain attenuation maps for wireless radio links. From these long term annual rainfall measurements spanning a minimum of 10 years at these locations, rainfall rate statistics and drop size distribution result in extreme fading of line of sight (LOS) system during such events. In this work, daily rainfall measurements from the Rwanda Meteorology Agency (Meteo Rwanda) are obtained for 60 locations within equatorial Rwanda (between latitudes of 1o2'S and 2o45'S and longitudes of 280 45'E and 30052'E), in Central Africa, to develop rain rate and rain attenuation maps for wireless radio links. From these long term annual rainfall measurements spanning a minimum of 10 years at these locations, rainfall rate statistics estimated from appropriate models are applied to determine fade margin for radio link availabilities between 99% and 99.999%. Furthermore, specific attenuation estimates due to rainfall are proposed from International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations at selected frequencies of the microwave and millimeter bands, for the design of wireless networks. Results obtained from this approach incorporating both rainfall rate zones and specific attenuation over Rwanda are presented as spatial contour maps representations for different ranges of link availability. Further, disdrometer data collected in Butare, Rwanda (20 35' 53.88” S and 290 44' 31.5” E) for a period of 32 months between 2012 and 2015 have been use to develop a suitable model on drop size distribution in the region. Rainfall data was classified into four different regimes, namely, drizzle, widespread, shower and thunderstorm. Different raindrop size distribution (DSD) models such as Lognormal, Gamma, Marshall-Palmer and Weibull distributions are selected and the method of moment technique is applied for estimating input DSD fit-parameters for those DSD models. From the results, it is observed that different models have varying performances as the rainfall regime varies from drizzle to widespread, shower and later as thunderstorm, except the Marshall- Palmer model which shows the inadequacy for the region. It is found that neither the Lognormal nor other models match perfectly wel I with the measured DSD, particularly at high rainfall rates. Therefore, a new rainfall DSD model or Central Africa is developed and found to be an improvement over the existing models. The Mie Scattering technique (spherical method) is employed to derive the scattering parameters. Therefore, the derived scattering parameters with DSD models are used for the estimation of rainfall attenuation in the region of Central Africa. Finally, the synthetic storm techniques (SST) is applied for comparison with other rainfall attenuation models

Assessment of tax perception in Turkey : a comparative perspective of international students

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmanın amacı, modern toplumlarda en çok tartışılan olgulardan biri olan vergi ile ilgili yabancı öğrencilerin algılarını incelemektir. Vergi algılarını değerlendiren bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki vergi sistemi ile deneklerin kendi ülkelerinde var olan vergi sistemi arasında bir karşılaştırmaya da imkan verdi. Bu çalışmada betimsel araştırma tasarımı kullanıldı. 500 denek öğrenci araştırmanın hedef kitlesi olarak Marmara Bölgesinden rastgele seçildi. Kapalı uçlu sorular yöneltilerek toplanan birincil veriler, tablolar ve yüzdeler aracılığıyla tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle analiz edildi. Algı düzeyindeki varsayımsal farklılıkları doğrulamak veya reddetmek için çarpıklık ve kartosis değerler parametrik olmayan yöntemlerin kullanılmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Böylelikle, bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, hem Türkiye'de hem de yabancı öğrencilerin ülkelerindeki vergi yasaları içeriğindeki karmaşıklığın mevcudiyetini reddeden bulgular ortaya koymuştur. Her ne kadar incelenen her iki ülkede vergi adaleti oldukça yüksek olsa da, halen adaletsizliğin var olduğu düşüncesi kendine yer buldu. Bununla birlikte, bu çalışma bireylerin vergi sistemine ve devlet harcamalarına karşı olumlu algı ve tutum geliştirdiklerinde daima vergi uyumu davranışını destekleyen bir faktörün mevcut olduğunu göstermektedir.The objective of this study was to examine the perceptions of foreigner students about tax which appears to be one of the most discussed phenomenon in our modern societies. By assessing their tax perceptions, this study elaborated a comparison between tax system in Turkey and the existing tax system in their country of origin. The study used descriptive research design. A selection of 500 individual respondent students was randomly processed as the population target of this research in the Marmara Region. By using primary data collected through a format of close-ended questions, a number of tables and percentages have been used for analysis under descriptive statistics. The values of skewness and kurtosis paved the way for utilizing non-parametric methods to confirm or reject hypothetical differences in the level of perceptions. Thus, the revealing findings of this research study exhibited indications that rejected availability of complexity in the content of the tax law in both Turkey and foreigner students' country of origin. Although tax fairness was admittedly higher in both the two side countries under study, still alarming associations denounced unfairness. Notwithstanding, this study shows that when individuals hold positive perceptive attitudes in the face of the tax system and towards the spendings operated by government, there is always a triggering factor evolving from within to encourage tax compliance behaviour

ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY L.K DI PUSKESMAS SIKUMANA PERIODE 28 MEI S/D 16 JULI 2018.

Latar Belakang : Asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan adalah pelayanan yang dicapai ketika terjalin hubungan yang terus – menerus antara seorang wanita dengan bidan. Hasil laporan KIA Puskesmas Sikumana yang didapatkan penulis, tercatat bahwa AKI di Puskesmas Sikumana pada tahun 2017 tidak ada kematian ibu. Target cakupan K1 dan K4 tahun 2017 adalah 100 % sedangkan hasil cakupan tahun 2017 yaitu K1 92 % dan K4 67,94 %, target cakupan persalinan oleh Nakes 100% sedangkan hasil cakupan persalinan oleh Nakes pada tahun 2017 yaitu 79,3 %. Upaya yang dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah nomor 42 tahun 2009 yaitu tentang Revolusi KIA. Semua Ibu Hamil, Bersalin, Neonatus, dan Nifas harus di tolong oleh tenaga kesehatan yang terlatih. Tujuan : meningkatkan keterampilan dalam menerapkan asuhan Kebidanan Berkelanjutan pada Ny.L.K di puskesmas Sikumana Kota Kupang dengan pendekatan manajemen dan Soap. Metode: Studi kasus menggunakan metode penelaahan kasus, lokasi studi kasus di Puskesmas Sikumana, subjek studi kasus adalah Ny.L.K G1A0AH0 UK 38 minggu 2 hari dilaksanakan tanggal 28 Mei sampai 16 juni 2018 dengan menggunakan format asuhan kebidanan pada ibu hamil dengan metode Varney dan pendokumentasian SOAP, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder dengan teknik populasi yaitu ibu hamil TM III di puskesmas sikumana dan populasi yaitu Ny L.K G1P0AH0 Uk 38 minggu 2 hari. Hasil: Asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan yang diberikan pada Ny.L.K selama kehamilan TM III yaitu usia kehamilan 38 minggu 2 hari dilakukan kunjungan rumah sebanyak 2 kali dan kunjungan di Puskesmas Sikumana sebanyak 2 kali, Ny.L.K melahirkan di RSUD Yohanes lahir secara spontan pervaginam pada tanggal 16 juni 2018 pukul 05.50 wita, bayi lahir langsung menangis, jenis kelamin Laki-laki, dilakukan IMD, hasil pemeriksan antropometri yaitu BB bayi 3.100 gram, PB 50 cm, LK 32cm, LD 31 cm, LP 31 cm, diberikan salep mata dan Vitamin K 1 jam setelah persalinan, HB0 1 jam setelah pemberian vit K dan salep mata, kedaan bayi sehat. Selama proses persalinan berjalan normal yaitu kala I 13 jam, kala II 15 menit, kala III 5 menit, pengawasan selama 2 jam post partum, dilakukan pemantauan selama KF1, KN 1 sampai KF3 dan KN3, ibu diberi konseling dan atas persetujuan suami/istri ibu mengikuti KB kondom sementara dan akan menggunakan KB IUD jika bayi berusia 2 bulan pada tanggal 11 juli 2018. Simpulan:Setelah dilakukan asuhan kebidanan secara komprehensif keadaan pasien baik mulai dari kehamilan sampai pada bayi baru lahi

Effect Frequency Fryingonperoxide Number to Cooking Oil in Packaging

Cooking oil is often used by people to the frying process repeated so that cause demage that is caused by oxidation and polymerization. Peroxide number is one of the parameters to determine the level of damage to oil. Oxidation reaction in the oil begins with the formation of free radicals is accelerated by light, heat, metals (iron and copper). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on the frequency of frying to peroxide number on the packaging oil. Type of study is a Quasi-experiment. The method used to measure peroxide number is iodometric titration method. After that the data obtained were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and followed by linear regression analysis. Based on the results obtained on samples that have not been used as much peroxide levels Mek 0.80 O2 / Kg, the first frying peroxide number were 1.52 Mek O2 / Kg, the second frying peroxide levels Mek 1.70 O2 / Kg, on the third frying peroxide levels were 1.74 Mek O2 / Kg, the fourth frying peroxide levels were 1.94 Mek O2 / Kg and the fifth frying peroxide levels were 2.39 MekO2/Kg. Pearson correlation test results obtained by the value of r = 0.943 with a regression equation was y = 0.761 + 0.265 (x). These results indicate that there is a strong positive relationship between the frequency of the frying and peroxide. The higher the frequency of the frying, the higher the peroxide number on cooking oil

Pencatatan Perkawinan di Bawah Umur Perspektif Pegawai Pencatat Nikah di Kota Gorontalo

This study aims to determine and analyze the views of Marriage Registrar at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) in Gorontalo City on the registration of underage marriages. This research is a field research. The approach used is a legal approach and a sociological approach. Data collected through observation, interviews and documentation. Furthermore, it is processed and analyzed with qualitative descriptive. The results showed that: First, the level of underage marriages in the KUA region in Gorontalo City increased every year from 2016 to 2018. Various reasons were put forward by the parties, both prospective brides and families to be able to carry out underage marriages; Second, in principle the Marriage Registrar in Gorontalo City understands and implements the marriage registration rules based on the Minister of Religion Regulation No. 19 of 2018 about Marriage Registration

Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Impaired Liver Function

East Nusa Tenggara is a province of high alcohol abuse in Indonesia. Ngada Regency has a prevalence of 38.8%. The high prevalence is inseparable from traditional factors and socio-cultural norms which strongly influence the habit of consuming alcohol, the cold temperature in this area further strengthens this habit. The impact of alcohol consumption is the emergence of various types of diseases, one of which is impaired liver function such as alcoholic liver disease. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and impaired liver function in communities in Bajawa and Golewa Districts, Ngada Regency. This research method is an observational analytic with cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 55 people who consumed alcohol in Golewa and Bajawa Districts, who had met the inclusion criteria. Alcohol consumption was measured by the AUDIT (The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) questionnaire, while the parameter for liver disorders was the level of Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT). The prevalence of liver dysfunction based on GGT examination was 15%. Meanwhile, the relationship between alcohol consumption and impaired liver function was tested with the Spearman correlation with α 0.05, the correlation value was p = 0.413, which means it has a moderate or significant, not too strong relationship. It is recommended that the people of Ngada Regency reduce alcohol consumption so that it can reduce the risk of impaired liver function

EFFECT FREQUENCY FRYINGONPEROXIDE NUMBER TO COOKING OIL IN PACKAGING

Cooking oil is often used by people to the frying process repeated so that cause demage that is caused by oxidation and polymerization. Peroxide number is one of the parameters to determine the level of damage to oil. Oxidation reaction in the oil begins with the formation of free radicals is accelerated by light, heat, metals (iron and copper). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on the frequency of frying to peroxide number on the packaging oil. Type of study is a Quasi-experiment. The method used to measure peroxide number is iodometric titration method. After that the data obtained were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and followed by linear regression analysis. Based on the results obtained on samples that have not been used as much peroxide levels Mek 0.80 O2 / Kg, the first frying peroxide number were 1.52 Mek O2 / Kg, the second frying peroxide levels Mek 1.70 O2 / Kg, on the third frying peroxide levels were 1.74 Mek O2 / Kg, the fourth frying peroxide levels were 1.94 Mek O2 / Kg and the fifth frying peroxide levels were 2.39 MekO2/Kg. Pearson correlation test results obtained by the value of r = 0.943 with a regression equation was y = 0.761 + 0.265 (x). These results indicate that there is a strong positive relationship between the frequency of the frying and peroxide. The higher the frequency of the frying, the higher the peroxide number on cooking oil

Analisis darah (hemoglobin, hematokrit, dan trombosit) pada pasien anak demam berdarah dengue

Introduction: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infection caused by the Dengue virus which is transmitted through the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Based on laboratory criteria, low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) and plasma leakage are important indicators for DHF. The purpose of this study was to analyze Hb levels, Ht levels, and platelet counts and their relationship in DHF patients so that when these values are at the threshold, health workers can anticipate and provide ideal care. Methods: This article is a descriptive retrospective study by taking secondary data at RSUD S.K. Lerik City of Kupang in 2020 with a total sample population of 135 DHF pediatric patients (0-11 years). Results: The results of this study, Hb values were below normal at 10.8 ± 1.4 g/dL in 52 (39%) patients, Ht values were above normal at 42.5 ± 2.3% in 81 (60%) patients, and platelet values were not normal or low 110,000 ± 12,500 per microliter of blood in 130 (97%). Researchers also wanted to show the relationship between Hb, Ht, and Platelets in the analysis with the Pearson Correlation Test (α = 0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion of this article is that there is no correlation between Hb and Ht and platelets, while Ht and platelets have a significantly low correlation (r=-0.32), which means that there is a relationship between high hematocrit and low platelet values in pediatric DHF patients so that patients DHF in children needs to be examined both