44 research outputs found

    The ageing of the people with disabilities : socioeconomics, organizationals, diagnostic issues : the case of Down syndrome

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    Les personnes souffrant d’un syndrome de Down (SD), appelé aussi trisomie 21, ont vu leur espérance de vie augmenter bien au delà des 50 ans induisant l’apparition de démence de type Alzheimer (DTA). Les conséquences de cette augmentation de l'espérance sont multiples : difficulté à diagnostiquer une démence au sein d'une population présentant des déficientes intellectuelles, difficulté de prise en charge de cette population, etc. Ainsi, les établissements médicoOsociaux et les centres de consultation mémoire restent désarmés face à la prise en charge et au diagnostic de cette population. Notre travail de thèse a eu pour objectif d'aborder l'ensemble des difficultés lié à cette problématique.Nos travaux ont ainsi mis en exergue : 1/ cette problématique concerne aussi bien les structures pour personnes âgées que celles pour personnes handicapées 2/ il existe une véritable difficulté à diagnostiquer la présence d'une démence auprès de cette population. Pour répondre à cette difficulté nous avons élaboré et testé un outil d'aide au diagnostic 3/ la problématique de diagnostic, de formation des professionnels PA/PH et de prise en charge de cette population (activités, locaux non adaptés, taux d’encadrement insuffisant, médicalisation accrue..) via la modélisation organisationnelle des parcours de vie des personnes atteintes de SD et de DTA notamment. Cette modélisation montre l’impact sur l’évolution des organisations et des institutions d’accueil ainsi que le manque de lien entre le secteur sanitaire et médico social. Des pistes sont discutées.People with Down syndrome (DS), also known as trisomy 21, have seen their life expectancy increase beyond 50 years inducing the onset of AlzheimerOtype dementia (DTA). The consequences of this increase in life expectancy are multiple: difficulty of diagnosing dementia in a population with intellectual disabilities, difficulty of care for this population, etc. Thus, specialised institution and memory clinics remain powerless against the management and diagnosis of this population. Our thesis has aimed to address all the challenges related to this issue.Our work thus highlighted: 1 / this problem concerns both for the elderly than for the disabled, 2 / there is a real difficulty in diagnosing the presence of dementia in this population. To meet this challenge we have developed and tested a diagnostic aid tool. 3 / diagnostic problematic, professional training and support for people in charge of this population (activities, unsuitable premises, insufficient teacher ratio, increasing medicalization, etc.) via organizational modelling the life course of individuals suffering from SD and DTA. This model shows the impact on the evolution of organizations and host institutions and the lack of connection between the health sector and medicoOsocial. Hypothesis and possible solutions are discussed

    Caractéristiques anthropométriques et prévalence de l’anémie chez des enfants scolarisés à Tébessa en 2014

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    Résumé Introduction. En Algérie la malnutrition chez les enfants est un phénomène associé à la transition nutritionnelle comme dans tous les pays en développement. Objectif. Cette étude vise à déterminer l'état staturo-pondéral des enfants scolarisés à Tébessa et de cerner la prévalence de l’anémie et ses facteurs explicatifs. Matériel et méthodes. Deux cents enfants (F/G, 111/89) d’âge moyen de 8,55±1,8 ans ont été recrutés en 2014 dans 8 établissements scolaires. Un questionnaire a été élaboré pour la réalisation de l’enquête dont les principaux volets sont : Mesures anthropométriques : Poids, taille, Indice de masse corporelle (IMC), périmètre crânien et périmètre brachial, la fréquence de consommation des produits carnés, fruits et légumes et aliments riches en vitamines C. Un prélèvement sanguin a été réalisé pour chaque enfant enquêté pour la détermination de la numération de la formule sanguine (FNS) et le dosage du fer sérique. Résultats. Pour les deux sexes, la courbe de l’indice IMC/âge est significativement décalée vers la droite par rapport à la population de référence. La même constatation a été faite pour la courbe poids/âge. Quarante huit % des enfants présentent un excès pondéral. Selon l’indice taille pour âge, 23% des enfants sont touchés par un retard de croissance. La prévalence de l’anémie en fonction du taux d’hémoglobine est de 21,5%, alors que l’anémie par carence en fer est de 22%. Les enfants qui consomment plus de 2-fois par semaine des légumes et des fruits et des aliments riches en vitamine C sont significativement moins touchés par l’anémie que les enfants qui les consomment 1 à 2-fois par semaine (OR 4,9 et 5,05), (p = 0,006 et p < 0,0007) respectivement. L’analyse logistique de régression a montré qu’il n'y a pas d’association significative entre la prévalence de l'anémie et le rang de fratrie, le niveau d’instruction de la mère, la taille du ménage et l’âge de l’enfant. Conclusion. Les taux de malnutrition sont inquiétants. Les résultats suggèrent que la carence en fer demeure la cause principale mais pas la seule déterminante de l’anémie chez les enfants scolarisés. [Abstract. Introduction. In Algeria, children malnutrition is a phenomenon associated with nutrition transition as in all developing countries. Objective. This study aimed to determine the height-of-weight status of scholar children in Tebessa and to determine the prevalence of anemia and its explanatory factors. Material and methods. Two hundred middle-aged children (G/B, 111/89) aged 8.55 ± 1.8 years were recruited in 8 schools in 2014. A questionnaire has been developed for the survey, concerning anthropometric measurements: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), head circumference and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), consumption frequency of meat products, fruits and vegetables, and foods rich in vitamin C. A blood test was performed for each child to determine blood count and serum iron. Results. For the both genders, the BMI-to-age index curve was significantly shifted to the right compared to the reference population. The same observation was noted for the weight-to-age curve. Forty eight % of children were overweight. According to the size-for-age index, 23% of children were stunted. The prevalence of anemia in relation to the hemoglobin level was 21.5%, whereas the iron deficiency anemia was 22%. Children who consumed vegetables and fruits, and foods rich in vitamin C, more than twice a week, were significantly less affected by anemia than children who consumed them once or twice a week (OR 4.9 and 5.05 ), (p = 0.006 and p <0.0007), respectively. Regression logistic analysis showed no significant association between anemia prevalence and sibling rank, mother education level, household size, and age of child. Conclusion. Malnutrition rates are worrying. The results suggest that iron deficiency remains the main but not the only determinant of anemia among scholar children.

    Electronic, magneto-optical and magnetic anisotropy properties of tetragonal BiFeO

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    The full potential linear augmented plane wave method including Hubbard potential and spin-orbit coupling are performed to study the structural, electronic, magneto-optical and magnetic anisotropy properties of tetragonal BiFeO3. Using the exchange correlations potentials generalized gradient plus Hubbard parameter (GGA + U) approximations are used for the description of electron-electron interactions. We studied first the structural properties which present a tetragonal distortion results from the stereochemical 6s2 lone pair of Bi+2 and the Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion effect of Fe+3 and the value of c∕a = 1.28. The calculated gap is 2.0 eV at Ueff = 4 eV. The magnetic moment of Fe in phase is 3.65 μB. Kerr and ellipticity are calculated by using a spin-orbit coupling and Hubbard potential which present a high angles values −1.0° and 1.5° respectivly. In plane uniaxial and fourfold anisotropy constants are determined from the fit curves of DFT calculation. We observed a predominance of uniaxial anisotopy on the fourdfold anisotropy

    HLA class II DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 polymorphisms in the Polish population from Wielkopolska

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    HLA DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were determined by DNA PCR-SSO typing in a sample of 99 individuals originating from Wielkopolska (midwestern Poland). A high number of alleles (38 DRB1, 8 DQA1 and 14 DQB1) was detected at each locus, many of them presenting notable frequencies in this population. The three HLA loci are thus characterized by very high heterozygosity levels (93% for DRB1, 85% for DQA1, and 88% for DQB1), which confirms the results found for other European populations. A total of 6 DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes are detected with an estimated frequency higher than 5%, namely, DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602, DRB1*0701-DQA1*0201-DQB1*0201, DRB1*0101-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0501, DRB1*1101-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301, DRB1*03011-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201, and DRB1*1301-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0603. A genetic distance analysis between the Polish and other world populations tested for HLA class II indicates that the Wielkopolska community is close to geographically close, rather than linguistically related populations from Europe. More generally, a good agreement between genetics and geography is found for DRB1 and DQB1 polymorphisms in Europe, suggesting that these two loci are highly informative for assessing historical relationships among humans

    Large-scale mapping of the Ebola NP and GP proteins reveals multiple immunoprevalent and conserved CD4 T-cell epitopes

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    International audienceHumankind faces regular outbreaks from emerging viruses, such as Ebola and the current SARS-CoV-2, or from viruses circulating at low levels in the wild animal reservoir. Owing to the suddenness of virus expansion, the lack of knowledge of immune determinants and correlates of protection severely limit the ability to address the outbreaks. Identified in 1976, Ebola virus is part of the Filoviridae family and causes severe hemorrhagic fever with a mortality rate between 50% and 90%. From 2013 to 2020, more than 30,000 infections and 15,000 deaths have been reported worldwide. High antibody titers against Ebola virus GP are found in patients recovering from Ebola virus infection and correlate with protection in vaccination models.1 Both CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses also seem to participate in the control of Ebola virus infection in animals, and CD4 T cells are necessary to induce resistance to Ebola virus challenge.2 In addition to GP, NP induces strong T-cell responses in animal models that protect against Ebola virus infection, and in convalescent Ebola patients, most of the T-cell responses mounted against Ebola virus were found to target NP.3 However, very few T-cell epitopes specific for both the Ebola GP and NP proteins have yet been identified in humans.4,5 Only one study reported CD4 T-cell epitopes restricted to HLA-DR3.6 We therefore established a large-scale approach to identify CD4 T-cell epitopes using donors not exposed to infection to anticipate the sudden rise of emerging viruses and applied this approach to the Ebola GP and NP proteins
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