Comparison of in vitro morphogenetic capacities of different clones of three local cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) from Togo

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an hexaploide plant with complex incompatibility that reduces chances of self-fertilization. In vitro culture of sweet potato by means of biotechnological approaches is an advantage for its study and variety improvement. Three sweet potato cultivars from Togo: Damadoami, Tombolo, Nagohé were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with or without indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and the morphogenetic properties of the plantlets obtained were compared. Uninodal stem explants were used. The reactivity of explants grown on MS differed according to the cultivar and the clone. Addition of IBA induced embryogenesis and root neoformations. The growth depended on the genotype, the clone, and the cultivar. The cultivar Damadoami was the most reactive on MS medium. Plantlets were acclimated easily and can be transferred to the fieldKeywords: Tuberous root, in vitro, morphogenesis, neoformations, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Togo.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(29), pp. 4648-465

MICROPROPAGATION ET RHIZOGENESE IN VITRO CHEZ NAUCLEA LATIFOLIA SMITH (RUBIACEAE)

To contribute to environmental protection and to reduce the rarefaction of the Nauclea latifolia, micropropagation and production of roots in vitro were undertaken. In this work, the young seedlings used were obtained from in vitro germination of seeds. Two culture media, MS and WPM, gave identical results. Benzylaminopurine (BAP) induces shoots proliferation and Indol-butyric acid (IBA) promotes roots proliferation. Activated charcoal inhibits the rhizogenesis. IBA 19,68 μM induces cal formation from foliar fragments. Callus obtained with Naphtalen-acetic acid (NAA) 2,68 -5,37 – 10,74 and 21,48 μM initiate roots

CONTRIBUTION À L’ÉVALUATION ET À LA CARTOGRAPHIE DE LA SENSIBILITÉ À L’ÉROSION HYDRIQUE DES SOLS DU SOUS BASSIN VERSANT DE L’OUED DE SAIDA (OUEST DE L’ALGÉRIE)

The sub-watershed of WadiSaidawich is a part of Macta watershed is characterized by a semiarid climate. Erratic rains, usually in stormy character, combined with anthropozoogenic pressure (deforestation, urbanization, overgrazing) cause a severe erosion. According to the National Agency of water resources, sediment yield (sediment from erosion) is estimated at 29667 t / year, which contribute to the siltation of the dam of Ouizert. This study was conducted using a Geographic Information System (GIS), allowed to characterize different areas of the sub-watershed, producing a synthetic map of the distribution of degrees of susceptibility to erosion. Indeed, Three classes of multifactorial vulnerability to water erosion were distinguished, areas with low vulnerability 40.18%; areas with medium vulnerability 24.93% and 34.88% highly vulnerable areas. Thus, classes with medium and high multifactorialvulnerability represent 60% of the area. This first mapping study is a tool to help decision makers to better manage water resources and soil and taking into account the expectations and needs of the rural populatio

Easy preparation of novel 3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide: Molecular structure, Hirshfeld surface, NCI analyses and molecular docking on AMPA receptors

We present in this study the synthesis and characterization of a new 3,3-dimethyl-substituted 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide. 3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide 10, was obtained by reacting 2-aminobenzenesulfonamide with acetone. The molecular structures of the starting sulfonamide and the new benzothiadiazine were obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis and the interactions like hydrogen bonds stabilizing the crystal packing were discussed. The contacts are confirmed by non-covalent interaction analysis. Analyses of Hirshfeld surface mapped over di, de, dnorm and shape-index were further used to identify the intermolecular interactions. The fingerprint histogram allow to show that H•••H (45.7%) and O•••H (30.1%) contacts are the dominant interactions in the crystal packing of 10. The effects of the molecular environment were accessed by analyzing the electron density isosurface and the 3D-topology of energy frameworks. The prediction of physicochemical properties suggested that 10 could be considered as a lead-like drug. Therefore, molecular docking study was performed on the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and suggested that 10 could interact with the allosteric site located on the ligand binding domain of AMPAR and could be a positive allosteric modulator. Docking results show that 10 can bind in a symmetrical way in the GluA2 ligand binding domain with two molecules at the dimer interface. The results also demonstrated that the presence of two methyl groups at the 3-position of the thiadiazine ring induced rotation of 10 in the binding site leading to close contacts with Pro494, Ser497, Ser729 and Ser754

Assessment of anti-inflammatory-like, antioxidant activities and molecular docking of three alkynyl-substituted 3-ylidene-dihydrobenzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-dioxide derivatives.

The presence of enyne and benzoisothiazole functions in the molecular architecture of compounds 1, 2 and 3 were expected to provide biochemical activities. In the present work, we first examined the molecular surface contact of three alkynyl-substituted 3-ylidenedihydrobenzo[d] isothiazole 1,1-dioxides. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces reveals that only compound 3 exhibited a well-defined red spots, indicating intermolecular interactions identified as S-O⋯H, C-H⋯O and C-O⋯H contacts. Comparative fingerprint histograms of the three compounds show that close pair interactions are dominated by C-H⋯H-C contact. By UV-visible analysis, compound 1 showed the most intense absorbances at 407 and 441 nm, respectively. The radical scavenging activity explored in the DPPH test, shows that only 1 exhibited low anti-radical activity. Furthermore, cellular antioxidant capacity of benzoisothiazoles 1-3 was investigated with PMA-activated HL-60 cells using chemiluminescence and fluorescence techniques in the presence of L-012 and Amplex Red probe, respectively. Results highlight that compound 1 exhibited moderate anti-ROS capacity while compounds 2 and 3 enhanced ROS production. The cytotoxicity test performed on HL-60 cells, using the MTS assay, confirmed the lack of toxicity of the tested benzoisothiazole 1 compared to 2 and 3 which show low cytotoxicity (≤30%). Anti-catalytic activity was evaluated by following the inhibitory potential of the benzoisothiazoles on MPO activity and depicted benzoisothiazoles-MPO interactions by docking. Both SIEFED and docking studies demonstrated an anti-catalytic activity of the tested benzoisothiazoles towards MPO with the best activity for compound 2

Study of Salinity in Market Garden Production on the Togolese Coast

Agriculture accounts for over 40% of Togo's GDP, and employs almost 65% of its working population. Market gardening, one of its sub-sectors, remains an important source of income and food self-sufficiency for rural and peri-urban populations. Among the peri-urban production zones, the coastline, by virtue of its geographical position, is sensitive to the salinisation of water and soil, as well as to sea spray. Salinity has a negative impact on market garden production. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the salinity of water and soil used in market garden production on the Togolese coast. To do this, measurements were taken of the electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of irrigation water and soil sampled in the Ablogamé and Agodéké districts, two production areas on the coastal strip. In each of these areas, water and soil samples were taken at three sites, with three samples per site, giving a total of six sites for analysis. At Ablogamé, the values for irrigation water ranged from 1113.67±3.06 µS/cm, 1971.67±9.24 µS/cm, to 1926.33±6.51 µS/cm and for Agodéké, they ranged from 756.67 ± 1.53, 1016.00 ± 1.00 to 1178.33 ± 0.58 µS/cm. This shows that, according to CIRAD and WHO standards, the water analysed is classified as "salty", with a variability of EC within the same production zone, the exception being one of the Agodeke sites, which has soft water according to WHO standards. The FAO, for its part, classifies all the waters as having slight to moderate restrictions for irrigation. Furthermore, the EC values obtained are moderately and slightly high. In addition, those of the Agodéké sites, located at around 83 to 108 m from the sea, in the erosive zone, are generally lower than those of the Ablogamé sites located in the accumulation zone, at around 288 m to 406 m from the sea. The pH of the water is slightly alkaline. As for the soil, the EC values are below the norms at all the sites studied, thus demonstrating the non-saline nature of the market-garden production areas on the Togolese coastal strip. The soil pH is neutral to slightly alkaline. There is therefore a dynamism in the Togolese coastal aquifers that requires further studies to improve the performance of vegetable production on this coast