32 research outputs found

    La lĂ©galitĂ© de l'intervention militaire française au Mali : contribution Ă  l’étude du cadre juridique de la lutte armĂ©e contre le terrorisme international

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    MĂ©moire rĂ©cipiendaire de la mention "Excellent", avec les fĂ©licitations du jury.La France dĂ©clenche l’opĂ©ration Serval au Mali le 11 janvier 2013, alors que cet État du Sahel est plongĂ© dans un conflit armĂ© interne sans prĂ©cĂ©dent et que les deux-tiers de son territoire sont occupĂ©s par des groupes armĂ©s inscrits sur des listes d’organisations terroristes. Le gouvernement français justifie l’intervention en invoquant simultanĂ©ment la « guerre contre le terrorisme », le consentement des autoritĂ©s maliennes, l’autorisation du Conseil de sĂ©curitĂ© des Nations Unies et la lĂ©gitime dĂ©fense. Cette Ă©tude examine chacune de ces justifications afin de dĂ©terminer la lĂ©galitĂ© de l’intervention française au regard du droit international et de mettre en lumiĂšre les rĂšgles applicables Ă  la lutte armĂ©e contre le terrorisme international, notamment en situation de conflit armĂ© interne.France triggers operation Serval in Mali on January 11, 2013, while the Sahelian State is plunged into an unprecedented internal armed conflict and armed groups listed as terrorist organizations occupy the two-thirds of its territory. The French Government simultaneously invoked the “war on terror”, the consent of the Malian authorities, the authorization of the United Nations Security Council and self-defence to defend its use of armed force. This study examines each of these justifications in order to determine the legality of the French intervention under international law as well as the legal rules applicable to armed measures against international terrorism, with particular reference to situations of internal armed conflict

    Spatial dynamics and urban governance issues of the Touba model (Senegal)

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    Urban sprawl remains a cross-cutting issue in almost every city in the world. It takes the form of various processes relating to levels of development, geographic and temporal scales, political wills. In African cities, notably the example of Touba in Senegal, sprawl accentuates the urban divide, promoting social and spatial segregation, land pressure, inflation and land disputes putting the city in a big planning dilemma since several decades. In fact, the peculiarity of Touba is that it is a religious city (capital of Mouridism), the second city of Senegal and is located on a land title whose crossing of its limits is underway. This article, based on observation, the quantitative / qualitative method and the analysis of socioeconomic data correlated to participatory mapping, sets itself as the main objective of determining the factors, issues and consequences of spatial spreading on the model. governance of the religious city of Touba. The results made it possible first of all to see that the unoccupied, undeveloped plots swell the land base to almost 30% of the urban space; then, they show that the centralized governance model around the general caliph and the subsidiarity of the State, in decision-making in matters of governance is the source of the many failings and gaps observed in the planning of the city of Touba; and finally, they show that informality is a resource and opportunity for development in Touba but, at the same time, it is an obstacle to the sustainability of the governance model

    On a new generalization of Huff curves

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    Recently two kinds of Huff curves were introduced as elliptic curves models and their arithmetic was studied. It was also shown that they are suitable for cryptographic use such as Montgomery curves or Koblitz curves (in Weierstrass form) and Edwards curves. In this work, we introduce the new generalized Huff curves ax(y2−c)=by(x2−d)ax(y^{2} -c) = by(x^{2}-d) with abcd(a2c−b2d)≠0abcd(a^{2}c-b^{2}d)\neq 0, which contains the generalized Huff\u27s model ax(y2−d)=by(x2−d)ax(y^{2}- d) = by(x^{2}-d) with abd(a2−b2)≠0abd(a^{2}-b^{2})\neq 0 of Joye-Tibouchi-Vergnaud and the generalized Huff curves x(ay2−1)=y(bx2−1)x(ay^{2} -1) =y(bx^{2}-1) with ab(a−b)≠0ab(a-b)\neq 0 of Wu-Feng as a special case. The addition law in projective coordinates is as fast as in the previous particular cases. More generally all good properties of the previous particular Huff curves, including completeness and independence of two of the four curve parameters, extend to the new generalized Huff curves. We verified that the method of Joye-Tibouchi-Vergnaud for computing of pairings can be generalized over the new curve

    Extracteur aléatoires multi-sources sur les corps finis et les courbes elliptiques

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    International audienceWe propose two-sources randomness extractors over finite fields and on elliptic curves that can extract from two sources of information without consideration of other assumptions that the starting algorithmic assumptions with a competitive level of security. These functions have several applications. We propose here a description of a version of a Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol and key extraction.Nous proposons des extracteurs d'aléas 2-sources sur les corps finis et sur les courbes elliptiques capables d'extraire à partir de plusieurs sources d'informations sans considération d'autres hypothÚses que les hypothÚses algorithmiques de départ avec un niveau de sécurité compétitif. Ces fonctions possÚdent plusieurs applications. Nous proposons ici une version du protocole d'échange de clé Diffie-Hellman incluant la phase d'extraction

    Diagnostic territorial et gouvernance urbaine de Ziguinchor: une analyse basée sur l'utilisation des TIC, SIG et OSM (Géomatique)

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    L'amplification dĂ©mographique de la ville de Ziguinchor suscite l’extension spatiale qui s'accompagne de divers problĂšmes: dysfonctionnement dans l'amĂ©nagement urbain, dĂ©veloppement de l'informalitĂ© Ă©conomique et spatiale. Ces problĂšmes mettent en pĂ©ril la viabilitĂ© Ă©conomique en crĂ©ant des dĂ©sĂ©quilibres entre les besoins croissants en services urbains de la population et les moyens faibles ou limitĂ©s de la municipalitĂ© pour rĂ©aliser les investissements nĂ©cessaires. Cette situation rend plus alambiquĂ©e la gouvernance urbaine. Cet article, adopte un procĂ©dĂ© de diagnostic du territoire urbain fondĂ© sur l'analyse spatiale et celle de la territorialitĂ© des acteurs, extĂ©riorisĂ© sous forme de prototypes spatiaux Ă  travers les mĂ©canismes de la gĂ©omatique. Les rĂ©sultats ont permis d'abord, de faire le diagnostic territorial de la ville de Ziguinchor; ensuite, d'exposer l'essor de l'emploi et l'importance de la gĂ©omatique dans la gestion urbaine et enfin, de faire des propositions innovantes permettant l’articulation des pratiques des diffĂ©rents acteurs pour une gouvernance urbaine efficiente.The demographic amplification of the city of Ziguinchor gives rise to spatial extension, which is accompanied by various problems: dysfunction in urban planning, development of economic and spatial informality. These problems jeopardize economic viability by creating imbalances between the growing need for urban services of the population and the weak or limited means of the municipality to make the necessary investments. This situation makes urban governance the most convoluted. This article adopts a method of urban territory diagnosis based on spatial analysis and that of the territoriality of the actors, expressed in the form of spatial prototypes through the mechanisms of geomatics. The results allowed, first, to make the territorial diagnosis of the city of Ziguinchor; then, to expose the growth of employment and the importance of geomatics in urban management and finally, to make innovative proposals allowing the articulation of practices of different actors for efficient urban governance

    Cryptanalysis of signature schemes based on the root extraction problem over braid group

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    Cumplido, MarĂ­a et al. have recently shown that the Wang-Hu digital signature is not secure and has presented a potential attack on the root extraction problem. The effectiveness of generic attacks on solving this problem for braids is still uncertain and it is unknown if it is possible to create braids that require exponential time to solve these problems. In 2023, Lin and al. has proposed a post-quantum signature scheme similar to the Wang-Hu scheme that is proven to be able to withstand attacks from quantum computers. However, evidence is presented here for the existence of an algorithm based on mean-set attacks that can recover the private key in both schemes without solving the root extraction problem. In the post-quantum signature version, we prove that the attacker can forge a signature passing the verification without recovering the private ke

    Profil clinique et évolutif des lésions de la peau et des parties molles chez les diabétiques en 2017 à la salle de pansement du Centre Marc Sankale de Dakar

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    Introduction: le but de notre Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer le profil clinique et Ă©volutif des lĂ©sions de la peau et des parties molles des sujets diabĂ©tiques suivis Ă  la salle de pansement. MĂ©thodes: il s'agissait d'une Ă©tude observationnelle descriptive et analytique menĂ©e du 1er janvier au 31 dĂ©cembre 2017 Ă  la salle de pansement du centre Marc Sankale de Dakar. Notre Ă©tude a portĂ© sur les sujets diabĂ©tiques ayant consultĂ©s Ă  la salle de pansement. RĂ©sultats: au total, 37173 actes de soins ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©s au centre Marc Sankale. Les activĂ©s de soins Ă  la salle de pansement reprĂ©sentaient 16418 cas soit une prĂ©valence de 14,16%. L'Ăąge moyen Ă©tait de 56,6 ± 12 ans et le sex ratio (H/F) de 0,88. Le diabĂšte de type 2 prĂ©dominait (78,97%) et la durĂ©e moyenne du diabĂšte Ă©tait de 8,06 ± 7,9 ans. La glycĂ©mie capillaire moyenne Ă©tait de 2,4 ± 1 g/l. La neuropathie diabĂ©tique Ă©tait prĂ©sente chez 72,33% des cas. Les lĂ©sions se situait aux membres dans 93,98% (1185 cas). Les lĂ©sions les plus reprĂ©sentatives Ă©taient l'ulcĂšre (46,76%), l'abcĂšs (13,46%), le phlegmon (13,20%), la gangrĂšne (8,41%), l'Ă©rysipĂšle (3,78%), le mal perforant (3,53%), l'intertrigo (3,95%). Les lĂ©sions Ă©taient infectieuses (61,41), non infectieuses (33,50%), vasculaires pures (1,57%) et Mixtes (3,70%). Sur les 1189 patients 7,57% avaient prĂ©sentĂ©s une ostĂ©ite. Les germes retrouvĂ©s Ă©taient des bactĂ©ries grams positifs (12,70%), grams nĂ©gatifs (23,80%). L'amputation Ă©tait corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  la topographie de la lĂ©sion (p=0.00), au type de lĂ©sion (p=0.000), Ă  l'anciennetĂ© du diabĂšte (p=0,02), au type de diabĂšte (p=0,008), Ă  la prĂ©sence d'ostĂ©ite (p=0,006). L'amputation etait mineur (43,33%), et majeur (37,43%). Nous avons enregistrĂ© 70 dĂ©cĂšs (5,89%). Conclusion: les lĂ©sions de la peau et des tissus mous restent dominĂ©es par le pied diabĂ©tique. La mortalitĂ© est non nĂ©gligeable et le risque d'amputation Ă©tait statistiquement corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la topographie, au type de lĂ©sion, Ă  l'anciennetĂ© et le type de diabĂšte et Ă  l'existence d'ostĂ©ite
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