The influence of age on the exploitation period in broiler reproduction of parents in Ross hybrid 308

These investigations were intended to identify the influence of parental flock age at heavy hybrid Ross 308 (usage period) on more important reproductive capabilities (carrying eggs intensity of brood eggs,egg mass, one day old chick mass, relative chick mass share in complete egg mass) and consumption of food per processed – hatched chicken (final product of production cycle). Flock usage period lasted for 40 weeks (all eggs), respectively, 38 (brood eggs) weeks and there was possibility, based on achieved results, with evaluation of phenotype correlation, to get some concrete conclusions about the age influence on analyzed parameters during mentioned flock rising period. Phenotype correlationamong investigated characteristics has been identified since second half of parental flock using period, since 41st week age (20th carrying eggs week) up to the end of production process when parental flock was 61 week old (41st egg production week). Flock age has statistically important positive (P < 0.05) influence on carrying eggs intensity of brood eggs until 49st week (rp = 0.391) and on percentage of chicken feasibility regard the complete number of inputted eggs until 50th week (rp = 0.434). There wasstatistically significantly increasing of egg mass and one-day old incubated chicken mass (P < 0.001) as parental flock was older. Complete correlation connectivity has been identified between egg mass and absolute chick mass (P < 0.001), while very strong (P < 0.001) or strong (P < 0.01) correlative connectivity between egg mass and relative chick share [(chicken mass/egg mass) x 100]. Further more, we determined negative correlation between eggs age and food consumption per hatchedchicken for all time of breeding broiler parents, except 61st week when we determined positive coefficient of phenotype correlation (rp = 0.062), but statistically inconsequent

Comparative Studies on the Reproductive and Productive Traits of New Hampshire and Sombor Crested Chicken Breeds Reared in Semi-Extensive Production System

Research was conducted on New Hampshire (in further text NH) and Sombor Crested (in further text SC) breeds which were kept in semi extensive system. 56 birds of each breed were used (50 females and 6 males) in the experiment. 100 eggs from every chicken breed were used for natural hatching, and remained eggs were sold. From the total number of the naturally incubated eggs, 83 (NH) and 85 (SC) chickens were hatched, and they were used for the study of performance and related parameters. Eggs and chickens originating from NH breed were statistically significantly heavier (P<0.001; P<0.01) compared with SC breed. Egg shape index and chicken percentage in egg weight were significantly higher at SC (P<0.001; P<0.05) compared to NH breed. Very strong positive correlation was determined between egg weight and chicken weight in both breeds. Very weak negative correlation was determined between egg weight and relative chicken intake in the egg weight. Similarly, between egg shape index and chicken weight, negative correlation coefficient was determined in both breeds. However, between egg shape index and chicken percentage, statistically significant (P<0.001) negative correlation coefficient was determined in NH breed. Significant (P<0.05) positive correlation for the same performances was determined in SC breed

Chemical composition of chicken meat produced in extensive indoor and free range rearing systems

The present study involves the analysis of the chemical composition of white meat (breast muscles) and dark meat (leg muscles) of broilers in extensive indoor and free range systems. The length of fattening period was 56 days. At 56 days of age, 6 male and 6 female broilers were randomly selected from each rearing system and slaughtered. Cooled carcasses were dissected into primal cuts. Breast and leg muscle (thigh and drumstick) samples were used for chemical analyses. The obtained resultssuggested that free range rearing system was more favourable than extensive indoor system, as it resulted in a significantly higher protein content and a lower fat content of white and dark chicken meat. Female broilers produced a higher fat content and a somewhat lower protein content as compared to males.Keywords: Chemical composition, chicken meat, rearing system, se

New Evidences on Domestication of the Horse (Equus Ferus Caballus) and Origine of Domestic Mountain Pony

The results of draft genome research of permafrost horse bone dated approximately 560-780 (kyr BP) have been published recently. According to the data representing the oldest full genome sequence compared to the modern genomes of domesticated horse, Przewalskii and donkey it was suggested that the Equus lineage gave rise to contemporary horses, zebras and donkeys some 4.0 to 4.5 million years ago, twice increasing the assumed time to the common ancestor. Upon the phylogenetic and divergence analyses it was estimated that the Przewalskii and domestic horse populations diverged some 38-72 kyr BP and that there are no evidences that admixtures between Przewalskii and domestic horse populations occurred post-divergently thus Przewalskii’s involvement in the process of horse domestication has been excluded. The new data on ancient equide genome question the conventional theory on the origin of Domestic mountain pony. Upon the protein variability of the Domestic mountain pony the influence of diluvial genome on the population was confirmed and this finding differed from the conventional theory stating E. f. Przewalskii and E. ferus caballus as ancestors of the autochthonous population. The role of different ancestral horses in evolution of our autochthonous population is therefore unclear. The questions emerging from the most recent genetic and proteomic research in concern with the autochthonous populations are presented in the paper

Implementation of triticale in nutrition of non-ruminant animals

Cognition of chemical composition and nutritive values of triticale grain as well as the effect of its application in non-ruminant animal nutrition were pointed out in this paper. There is a high level of proteins in the grain of triticale (2 to 3% more than wheat and 4% more than rye), with very beneficial amino acid composition, and is the reason for its usage in domestic animals nutrition. Nowadays, people are of the opinion that triticale is one of potential plant species with the brightest perspective in the production of food for domestic animals. Considering the increased production of triticale, some detail researching of its nutritional value is necessary due to the required evaluation of the role and significance in domestic animal nutrition based on triticale. Due to intensive plant breeding programs, there are new varieties of triticale in the market, distinctive by the higher yield and wide range of desired traits. As a result of this, triticale is becoming very attractive and is occupying larger portions of arable land. These review will show if there are some advantages of triticale compared to other cereals and how large the frame of these advantages is, as well as how it will affect the further spreading of triticale on arable land.Key words: Triticale, chemical composition, nutritive capacity, nutrition

Bioavailability and possible benefits of wheat intake naturally enriched with selenium and its products

Bioavailability and possible benefits of wheat intake naturally enriched with selenium and its products was tested. Wheat obtained by application of an original combination and procedure for foliar supplementation of plants with Se was characterized on the average by five times higher content of Se, the main form being L-(+)-selenomethionine (SeMet). Substitution of Se-deficient wheat by wheat naturally enriched with Se and its products contributed to the increase of daily intake on the average by 18 mug (12-35 mug) in volunteers, which is more than 50%, of the average daily intake. Six weeks after the beginning of its application, increased daily intake of Se brought about the increase of its concentration in the plasma of the examined persons by 53%, in their erythrocytes by 37%, in their hair by 44%, and in their urine by 54%. This result was comparable to the effect obtained in the course of an 8-wk daily intake of supplements with 100 mug Se in the form of enriched bakery yeast. Analysis of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in blood, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma, lipid parameters (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), and glucose in serum of volunteers showed that the increased Se intake induced increased GSH-Px activity in blood and decreased concentrations of TBARS, lipid parameters, and glucose in blood. Using only one crop (wheat enriched with Se), the existing deficiency of Se in our population can be alleviated. In this way, one-fourth of our population with lower Se intake than 21 mug/d will satisfy basal requirements, whereas one-half will become moderately deficient in Se instead of distinctly deficient in Se

Carcass characteristics of two strains of native broilers (White Naked Neck and Black Svrljig) fattened under a semi-intensive system

This study involves the analysis of two breeds [Naked Neck (NN) and Svrljig chickens (Sv)], that is, strains [White Naked Neck (WNN) and Black Svrljig strain (BSv)] of chickens (birds) of both sexes reared under a semi-intensive system until day 84 of age. At 28 days of age, the test birds were kept in a litter housing system (about 8 birds/m 2), following which they were provided a free-range paddock at 4 m 2/bird. The following parameters were evaluated in the two strains and sexes of broilers (totalling 56 chickens) aged 84 days: body weight at slaughter, carcass weight, yields of breasts, thighs, drumsticks, wings, pelvis, back, head, neck, feet, abdominal fat and giblets. At the end of the fattening period, the test broilers of both sexes of the WNN strain had higher values (P0.05); however, a similar yield was obtained for ready to grill carcass (61.73 to 61.99%) when compared with the black Svrljig strain. The differences obtained were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In addition to the genotype (breed, strain), broiler sex had a statistically significant effect (P<0.001; P<0.01; P<0.05) on body weight, carcass yield, yields of drumsticks and thighs, wings, head, feet, giblets and abdominal fat. Specifically, male broilers were found to have higher live body weight (1669.29 to 1480.07 g), carcass weight (1342.86 to 1198.28 g), yields of head (5.13 to 4.39%), drumsticks and thighs (34.26 to 33.96%), feet (5.39 to 5.06%) and giblets (6.46 to 6.31%), whereas the relative yields of carcass (conventional processing (CP): 80.96 to 80.44%; ready to roast (RR): 73.02 to 72.19%; ready to grill (RG): 62.30 to 61.45%), wings (14.06 to 13.76%) and abdominal fat (1.13 to 1.07%) were higher in female broilers. © 2011 Academic Journals

GENETIC TYPE AND GROWTH INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT LINE HEN HYBRIDS**

Apstract: The aim of this work was parallel investigation of the producting characteristics of light line hen hybrids. Investigation enclosed two hen proveniences: Hisex Brown and Shawer 579. Within the period of 19 up to 63 weeks we followed next parameters: egg-laying hen body mass, mortality, food consumption and egg-laying capacity. Hens body mass on the begining of the examination, within the 19 weeks of growth was, for Hisex Brown provenience 1607g, and for Shawer 579 provenience 1563g. Hisex Brown provenience acchieved about 250 g higher body mass on the end of investigation. During the experiment, mortality at Hisex Brown egg-laying hen was a little bit smaller (5,40%), while the Shawer 579 had 5,56 % of dead hens. Globaly, the mortality at both hen hybrids was in the range of technologycal normative. The average consumption of the food at Hisex Brown provenience was higher and it was 127,28g, and at Shawer 579 provenience 125,14g. The average consumption of the nutrition for egg production at both provenience was the same (150g). Key words: egg-laying,, nutrition consumption, body mass, mortalit