INVENTAIRE ET DISPONIBLITE DES PLANTES MEDICINALES DANS LA FORÊT CLASSÉE DE YAPO-ABE, EN COTE D’IVOIRE

In Ivory Coast, the increasing demand for vegetable drugs brings to estimate the availability and distribution of sources of NTFPs species for medicinal use. This study, conducted in the classified forest of Yapo-Abbé and surrounding rural areas and based on ethnobotanical surveys coupled with floristic inventories by the methods of surface surveys, allowed to inventory 47 medicinal species sources of NTFPs. The predominant morphological type is the tree (85%). Trunk bark up the majority of harvested vegetable drugs (81%), whereas, the graze after cutting down of the plant is the mode of the most used collection. The preferential species source of NTFPs of the region are: Annickia polycarpa (UV = 2.24), Landolphia owariensis (UV = 2.08), Khaya ivorensis (UV = 2.06), etc. With, on average, an individual.ha-1 , these species are poorly represented in the classified forest of Yapo-Abbé. A single preferential ligneous species is strongly represented: Uapaca esculenta, with an average density of 5.56 ± 5.72 (ind.ha-1 ). Also, the reforested areas have the highest densities in medicinal plants. The species rarity-weight richness index defined Landophia hirsuta (Ri = 93.43%), Ricinodendron heudelotii (Ri = 84.02%), Salacia nitida (Ri = 89.39%) and Landolphia owariensis (Ri = 81.81%) as rare species in Yapo-Abbé forest. This study also showed that the sustainable management of forests and their enrichment of medicinal species undergoing strong anthropogenic pressures, should be favored to improve the availability of medicinal plants

Effets de cinq prétraitements sur la germination du vène (Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir., Fabaceae) dans la Réserve du Haut Bandama (Côte d'Ivoire)

Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae) is a sudanese multipurpose species ranging in Côte d'Ivoire, at the north of the 8 th parallel. This species is object of illegal exploitation and the survival of its natural populations is strongly threatened. The sustainable management of this resource requires an improvement of its germinative capacities. To achieve this goal, five pretreatments were applied to seeds collected from a population of Pterocarpus erinaceus in the “Réserve du Haut Bandama”. These treatments include flowing water soaking during three days or 72 hours (STE 3), water soaking at 60 ° C (STE 60), and at 100° C (STE 100), removal of the shell of the fruit (SD) and light fire burning (SF) as well as a control (no pretreatment applied, SND). Germination rate (TG), germination time (DG) and mean germination time (GMT) were evaluated. The results showed that the husked seeds have good germination ability with a rate of 68.5% and a germination time of a week. It also appears that the seeds of the species are very sensitive to heat. Indeed no germination was observed under the pretreatments of light fire burning and soaking in boiling water (100 °C). In addition to this, the shell of the fruit is a factor of dormancy (seed coat / pericarp dormancy). This dormancy can be removed with soaking inflowing water

INVENTAIRE ET DISPONIBLITE DES PLANTES MEDICINALES DANS LA FORÊT CLASSÉE DE YAPO-ABE, EN COTE D’IVOIRE

In Ivory Coast, the increasing demand for vegetable drugs brings to estimate the availability and distribution of sources of NTFPs species for medicinal use. This study, conducted in the classified forest of Yapo-Abbé and surrounding rural areas and based on ethnobotanical surveys coupled with floristic inventories by the methods of surface surveys, allowed to inventory 47 medicinal species sources of NTFPs. The predominant morphological type is the tree (85%). Trunk bark up the majority of harvested vegetable drugs (81%), whereas, the graze after cutting down of the plant is the mode of the most used collection. The preferential species source of NTFPs of the region are: Annickia polycarpa (UV = 2.24), Landolphia owariensis (UV = 2.08), Khaya ivorensis (UV = 2.06), etc. With, on average, an individual.ha-1 , these species are poorly represented in the classified forest of Yapo-Abbé. A single preferential ligneous species is strongly represented: Uapaca esculenta, with an average density of 5.56 ± 5.72 (ind.ha-1 ). Also, the reforested areas have the highest densities in medicinal plants. The species rarity-weight richness index defined Landophia hirsuta (Ri = 93.43%), Ricinodendron heudelotii (Ri = 84.02%), Salacia nitida (Ri = 89.39%) and Landolphia owariensis (Ri = 81.81%) as rare species in Yapo-Abbé forest. This study also showed that the sustainable management of forests and their enrichment of medicinal species undergoing strong anthropogenic pressures, should be favored to improve the availability of medicinal plants

Clef D’identification Morphologique De Cinq Clones D’hevea (Hevea Brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Recommandes En Cote d’Ivoire

La présente étude vise à déterminer un nombre réduit de critères morphologiques pour la différenciation des cinq clones (GT 1, PB 217, IRCA 41, 230 et IRCA 331) recommandés en Côte d’Ivoire. L’objectif général est d’éviter les mélanges clonaux observés dans les Jardins à bois de greffes (JBG) d’hévéa, servant au greffage du matériel de plantation utilisé par des planteurs. Ainsi, ces clones ont été décrits dans deux JBG à l’aide de 27 critères morphologiques utilisés dans le monde. Pour chacun des clones, la description a porté sur 25 plants sains de trois ou quatre étages foliaires dont la conformité clonale a été confirmée à l’aide des marqueurs moléculaires microsatellites. Les résultats ont montré que six critères permettent de discriminer clairement ces cinq clones : couleur des feuilles, coupe transversale de la foliole centrale, forme de l’avant dernier étage foliaire, glandes nectarifères, longueur et l’orientation du pétiolule central. Le clone GT 1 s’identifie par la couleur vertfoncé des feuilles et d’un long pétiolule (> 1,4 cm), le clone PB 217 par des feuilles vert-clair avec de court pétiolule (≤ 0,9 cm), le clone IRCA 331 par un étage foliaire conique, des pétiolules droits et des folioles centrales plates. Les clones IRCA 230 et IRCA 41 se distinguent l’un de l’autre par les glandes nectarifères abondantes et peu abondantes, respectivement. Cette investigation doit être menée dans d'autres localités dans le but de tester la stabilité de ces six critères dans l'espace et le temps. This paper focuses on determining a reduced number of morphological criteria for the differentiation of the five clones (GT 1, PB 217, IRCA 41, 230 and IRCA 331) recommended in Côte d'Ivoire. The general objective is to avoid the clonal mixtures observed in the graft wood garden (GWG) of rubber, which is used to graft planting material used by planters. These clones have been described in two GWG using 27 morphological criteria around the world. For each clone, the description looked at 25 healthy plants of three or four shape of the leaf floors clonal compliance. This was confirmed using microsatellite molecular markers. The results showed that six criteria made it possible to clearly differentiate these five clones: colour of the leaves, the cross-section of the central leaflet, the shape of the leaf floors, the nectariferous glands, the length and orientation of the central petolule. The GT 1 clone is identified by the dark green colour of the leaves and a long petiolule ( 1,4 cm), the PB 217 clone by light green leaves with short petiolule (0.9 cm), and the IRCA 331 clone by a conical shape of the leaf floors, straight petiolules, and flat central leaflets. The IRCA 230 and IRCA 41 clones are distinguished by the abundant and infrequent nectariferous glands, respectively. This investigation should be carried out in other localities with the aim of testing the stability of these six criteria in space and time

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NATURAL FLORA OF THE UNDERSTORY OF THE RUBBER PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHERN COTE D’IVOIRE: CASE OF THE RUBBER PLANTATIONS OF THE CNRA ANGUEDEDOU

Objective: The study was conducted in the rubber plantations of the National Agricultural Research Centre (CNRA) of Anguédédou in the south of Côte d'Ivoire, to characterize the natural biodiversity of the undergrowth of rubber plantations, through the floristic composition and the evolution of the number of species according to the age of the plantations. Methodology and results: The methodology focused on the surface inventory. Thus, 36 surveys of 20 m x 10 m, or 200 m², were installed and inventoried through the rubber plantations of different age classes ([1 to 5 years], [6 to 10 years], [11 to 20 years] and [21 to 40 years]), abandoned rubber plantations and secondary forest. Regeneration was evaluated in plots with a 5 m (25 m²) coastline. The results have shown that rubber plantations are rich in 130 natural plant species. With the exception of rubber plantations from 1 to 5 years and especially of abandoned rubber plantations, the influence of this crop on the natural flora is felt in plantations from 6 to 10 years, with only 34 species. However, this flora evolves with the aging of the plantations. In abandoned plantations, 75 species were inventoried with a good presence of endemic species such as Chlamydocarya macrocarpa, Angylocalyx oligophyllus, Chassalia kolly, Mussaenda tristigmatica. There are also some rare and/or endangered species such as Albizia adianthifolia, Baphia nitida, Commelina benghalensis, Culcasia scandens, Gloriosa superba, Greenwayodendron suaveolens, Millettia zechiana and Milicia excelsa. The floristic similarity between abandoned rubber plantations and secondary forest, indicates a shift from abandoned rubber plantations to forest formations with high regeneration density, mainly in abandoned plantations. Conclusion and application: The study showed that the impact of rubber culture is felt on the natural flora of young rubber plantations. However, when plantations are abandoned, the environment becomes secondary forest. This investigation deserves to be carried out in other rubber plantations of other ecological zones of Côte d'Ivoire