247 research outputs found
Bootstrapping an NMHV amplitude through three loops
We extend the hexagon function bootstrap to the
next-to-maximally-helicity-violating (NMHV) configuration for six-point
scattering in planar super-Yang-Mills theory at three loops.
Constraints from the differential equation, from the operator product
expansion (OPE) for Wilson loops with operator insertions, and from multi-Regge
factorization, lead to a unique answer for the three-loop ratio function. The
three-loop result also predicts additional terms in the OPE expansion, as well
as the behavior of NMHV amplitudes in the multi-Regge limit at one higher
logarithmic accuracy (NNLL) than was used as input. Both predictions are in
agreement with recent results from the flux-tube approach. We also study the
multi-particle factorization of multi-loop amplitudes for the first time. We
find that the function controlling this factorization is purely logarithmic
through three loops. We show that a function , which is closely related to
the parity-even part of the ratio function , is remarkably simple; only five
of the nine possible final entries in its symbol are non-vanishing. We study
the analytic and numerical behavior of both the parity-even and parity-odd
parts of the ratio function on simple lines traversing the space of cross
ratios , as well as on a few two-dimensional planes. Finally, we
present an empirical formula for in terms of elements of the coproduct of
the six-gluon MHV remainder function at one higher loop, which works
through three loops for (four loops for ).Comment: 69 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, 3 ancillary files; v2, minor typo's
correcte
LongâTerm Weather Trends and Implications for Grazing Operations in the MidâSouth
Weather plays a large role in determining our agricultural production and management-related decisions throughout the growing season. In a couple examples, it controls when we can cut hay or when we are able/not able to graze (drought 2019). The shortâterm shift in the weather pattern is always on the back of any farmers mind and how itâll impact their own operation, but what about longâterm changes? These can be just as important. This can be tracked by looking at our climate, which is the average weather conditions over a specific period of time (usually 30 years). Unlike weather, which tells us what we will get, climate shows us what we can expect at any point throughout the year. Climate tells us what we can and cannot grow in the Bluegrass State, when we can plant, and longâterm sustainability
Bootstrapping a Five-Loop Amplitude Using Steinmann Relations
The analytic structure of scattering amplitudes is restricted by Steinmann
relations, which enforce the vanishing of certain discontinuities of
discontinuities. We show that these relations dramatically simplify the
function space for the hexagon function bootstrap in planar maximally
supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. Armed with this simplification, along with
the constraints of dual conformal symmetry and Regge exponentiation, we obtain
the complete five-loop six-particle amplitude.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 impressive table, and 2 ancillary files. v2: a
few clarifications and references added; version to appear in PR
Bootstrapping six-gluon scattering in planar super-Yang-Mills theory
We describe the hexagon function bootstrap for solving for six-gluon
scattering amplitudes in the large limit of super-Yang-Mills
theory. In this method, an ansatz for the finite part of these amplitudes is
constrained at the level of amplitudes, not integrands, using boundary
information. In the near-collinear limit, the dual picture of the amplitudes as
Wilson loops leads to an operator product expansion which has been solved using
integrability by Basso, Sever and Vieira. Factorization of the amplitudes in
the multi-Regge limit provides additional boundary data. This bootstrap has
been applied successfully through four loops for the maximally helicity
violating (MHV) configuration of gluon helicities, and through three loops for
the non-MHV case.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; contribution to the proceedings of
Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Weimar,
Germany; v2, reference adde
The Double Pentaladder Integral to All Orders
We compute dual-conformally invariant ladder integrals that are capped off by
pentagons at each end of the ladder. Such integrals appear in six-point
amplitudes in planar N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory. We provide exact,
finite-coupling formulas for the basic double pentaladder integrals as a single
Mellin integral over hypergeometric functions. For particular choices of the
dual conformal cross ratios, we can evaluate the integral at weak coupling to
high loop orders in terms of multiple polylogarithms. We argue that the
integrals are exponentially suppressed at strong coupling. We describe the
space of functions that contains all such double pentaladder integrals and
their derivatives, or coproducts. This space, a prototype for the space of
Steinmann hexagon functions, has a simple algebraic structure, which we
elucidate by considering a particular discontinuity of the functions that
localizes the Mellin integral and collapses the relevant symbol alphabet. This
function space is endowed with a coaction, both perturbatively and at finite
coupling, which mixes the independent solutions of the hypergeometric
differential equation and constructively realizes a coaction principle of the
type believed to hold in the full Steinmann hexagon function space.Comment: 70 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables; v2, minor typo corrections and
clarification
Coil On Plug Ignition: The Wired Differences
The dominant method of providing spark on late model gasoline engines is coil on plug (C.O.P.) ignition systems. Looking underhood on different vehicle makes will reveal that some coils have 2 wires, some have 3 and others have 4. The presentation examines how each of these coils is triggered and what tools and test methods are best. Several scope images and component pictures are included. Also consider viewing the July 2011 article on this topic I wrote for Underhood Service
Variable Camshaft Timing/ Variable Valve Timing
Variable camshaft timing (VCT) and variable valve timing (VVT) have become common strategies used by many automotive manufacturers to increase engine performance, reduce emissions, and improve economy and driveability. This presentation was conducted at the fall 2012 ICAIA conference in Joliet, IL on October 5th, 2012. The two most popular methods include the use of a phaser to alter camshaft position and the use of multiple camshaft lobes with rocker arm coupling and de-coupling (both phaser and lobe switching methods can also be combined). VCT/VVT use can be employed on pushrod engines, DOHC, SOHC engines and can be utilized on just intake valves, just exhaust valves or both intake and exhaust valves. A review of mechanical components, hydraulic controls, and electrical controls is provided along with observations regarding operation. In addition, basic diagnostic trouble codes (DTC\u27s) and troubleshooting points are discussed
Driveability: What is normal?
Like experts in other professions, automotive technicians must sift through a plethora of data to determine course of action. The data itself is meaningless without understanding of what the numbers mean. This fall 2009 ICAIA presentation examines 5 different vehicles across 5 different operating conditions measured with 5 different scan tools in an investigation of normal parameters
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