A REVIEW ON SOME HOME REMEDIES ACT AS GASRTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY

Ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder which is seen among many people. It is basically an inflamed break in the skin or the mucus membrane lining the alimentary tract. Peptic ulcers include Gastric ulcers that occur on the inside of the stomach and duodenal ulcers that occur on the inside of the upper portion of your small intestine (duodenum). The most common causes of peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of aspirin and certain other painkillers, such as ibuprofen and naproxen sodium. The most common peptic ulcer symptom is burning and stomach pain. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a main source of morbidity and mortality in worldwide. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori are mainly responsible for peptic ulcer disease. Histamine receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors are most prominent therapies in the treatment of peptic ulcer. However, severe adverse effects of NSAIDs have been reported. Therefore, focus is now diverted towards herbal formulations of medicinal plants for the treatment of ulcer. Plants contain different phytoconstituents which are responsible for increasing defensive mechanisms of body against peptic ulcer. The current review focuses on the commonly used gastroprotective plants as antiulcer agents. Keywords: Ulcer, Gastroprotective , NSAID

PRE-FIXING THE ENACTMENT OF ELEVATED LIQUID TANKS AGAINST EARTHQUAKES

General observations are going the reasons for the failure of supporting system which reveals the supporting system from the elevated tanks has more critical importance compared to other structural areas of tanks. As you may know from past records, a lot of reinforced concrete elevated water tanks were heavily broken or collapsed throughout the earthquakes and cyclones around the globe. The majority of the damages observed throughout the seismic occasions and cyclonic occasions arise were may be because of the insufficient understanding concerning the proper conduct of supporting system from the tank against dynamic effect as well as because of improper geometrical choice of staging patterns. The primary purpose of this research would be to comprehend the conduct of supporting system which works better under different earthquake zones for Lateral loads ( wind & seismic)  with STAAD.Pro V8i software. An example of the reinforced concrete elevated water tank (Intz type), with 1500 cubic meters with a height of 18m and 22.5m from walk out is recognized as. Here four different staging patterns for example fundamental bracing, radial bracing with central column, mix bracing, concentric rows of posts are compared for a number of fluid filling conditions. The seismic zones of Zone-III ,Zone-IV, Zone-V and also the corresponding  lateral load characteristics happen to be obtained from IS 1893 (PART 1)-2002 & draft code IS 1893 (Part 2) and it is 875 (PART 3) -1987. Consequently water mass continues to be considered in 2 parts as impulsive and convective recommended by GSDMA guidelines. Tank responses including base shear, overturning moment and roof displacement happen to be observed, and so the results happen to be compared and contrasted. The end result implies that the dwelling responses are quite affected by the existence of water and also the Lateral load characteristics. Finally study discloses the significance of appropriate staging configuration to stay withstands against heavy damage or failure of elevated water tank during seismic occasions

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, IFNγ and TNFα, Influence Immune Properties of Human Bone Marrow and Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentially

BACKGROUND: Wharton's jelly derived stem cells (WJMSCs) are gaining attention as a possible clinical alternative to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) owing to better accessibility, higher expansion potential and low immunogenicity. Usage of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) could be permissible in vivo only if they retain their immune properties in an inflammatory setting. Thus the focus of this study is to understand and compare the immune properties of BMMSCs and WJMSCs primed with key pro-inflammatory cytokines, Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFalpha). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Initially the effect of priming on MSC mediated suppression of alloantigen and mitogen induced lymphoproliferation was evaluated in vitro. Treatment with IFNgamma or TNFalpha, did not ablate the immune-suppression caused by both the MSCs. Extent of immune-suppression was more with WJMSCs than BMMSCs in both the cases. Surprisingly, priming BMMSCs enhanced suppression of mitogen driven lymphoproliferation only; whereas IFNgamma primed WJMSCs were better suppressors of MLRs. Further, kinetic analysis of cytokine profiles in co-cultures of primed/unprimed MSCs and Phytohematoagglutinin (PHA) activated lymphocytes was evaluated. Results indicated a decrease in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, a change in kinetics and thresholds of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion was observed only with BMMSCs. Analysis of activation markers on PHA-stimulated lymphocytes indicated different expression patterns in co-cultures of primed/unprimed WJMSCs and BMMSCs. Strikingly, co-culture with WJMSCs resulted in an early activation of a negative co-stimulatory molecule, CTLA4, which was not evident with BMMSCs. A screen for immune suppressive factors in primed/unprimed WJMSCs and BMMSCs indicated inherent differences in IFNgamma inducible Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2) levels which could possibly influence the mechanism of immune-modulation. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that inflammation affects the immune properties of MSCs distinctly. Importantly different tissue derived MSCs could utilize unique mechanisms of immune-modulation

Desalination of Water

Water is very essential for all living beings. It covers nearly 70% of earth’s surface. Even though the major portion of earth is covered by water, there is severe shortage of drinking water in most of the countries across the world. Safe drinking water is vital for all forms of life though it does not provide any calories. Desalination of sea water appears as a solution for this problem. Advanced desalination technologies that are applied to seawater and brackish water prove to be effective alternatives in a variety of situations. This study mainly focuses on upcoming trends in modern desalination technologies and emphasizing the options offered by them. Desalination is a technique where the excess salts are removed from sea water or brackish water converting it into safe potable or usable water. Desalination methods are categorized into thermal processes and membrane processes. In this chapter we discuss about different thermal processes like multistage flash distillation, multiple effect distillation, vapour compression evaporation, cogeneration and solar water desalination. We also discuss about various categories of membrane processes like reverse osmosis, electro dialysis and membrane distillation methods. This chapter also concentrates on advantages and disadvantages and economical parameters involved in each of these methods

Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel secretory dipeptidyl peptidase IV from porcine serum

Purification of DPP-IV enzyme from porcine serum, is presented in this study for the first time. The high molecular weight DPP-IV from porcine serum was fractioned using Sephadex G-75 gel filtration followed by DEAE Sephadex anion exchange and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography columns with a final yield of 11.25%. The SDS-PAGE of the purified sample showed a single band of molecular mass nearing 160 kDa. Distinct single band was observed after PAS staining confirmed it to be a glycoprotein. The purified enzyme showed an optimum pH and temperature of 8 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme effectively cleaved fluorogenic substrate Gly-Pro-AMC with Km and Vmax of 4.578 mu M and 90.84 nmoles/min, respectively. Purified DPP-IV activity was inhibited by Diprotin A with an IC(50)value of 8.473 mu M. Among the three plant extracts used to study DPP-IV inhibition, the aqueous hot extract ofTerminalia chebulashowed the highest inhibition of 87.19%, followed by the aqueous cold extract ofMomordica carantia, ( 31.6%) andAzadirachta indica(34.16%) at the concentration of 25 mu g

BRCA Biological Functions

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes encode proteins that have important roles in DNA repair and act as tumor suppressors. Though the sequence and structure of the proteins produced by BRCA1 and BRCA2 are different, they have similar biological activities. Both BRCA gene products are reported to interact with the RAD51 protein, which is essential for DNA repair through homologous recombination. BRCA gene mutations are associated with an increased risk of solid tumors. Their ubiquitously expressed protein products are involved in essential cellular functions. The defect caused by BRCA gene mutations might be leveraged to develop new targeted cancer treatments. This chapter outlines that BRCA1 and BRCA2 have unique roles in the pathways leading to DNA double-strand break repair and clinical findings show that BRCA genes play a crucial role in a variety of biological processes

Rare Origin of Accessory Left Gastric Artery from Splenic Artery and Its Clinical Significance: A Case Report

During routine dissection of abdomen an accessory left gastric artery was found arising from the splenic artery in one out of 30 adult formalin fixed cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Manipal. The origin of left gastric artery was normal. The accessory artery was running upwards behind usual left gastric artery and run along lesser curvature of the stomach and also gave oesophageal branch supplying the lower part of esophagus. Before attempting any surgical procedure on stomach or lower end of oesophagus, preoperative evaluation of the arterial pattern and variations is desirable for correct surgical approach and to reduce postoperative complications. However, accessory left gastric origin from splenic artery becomes important to be noted when the patient undergoes angiography for diagnostic bleeding or during trans catheter therapy. Knowledge about these variations is also important to be noted prior to surgery in order to prevent postoperative complications which would be fatal

Serine protease from Indian Cobra venom: its anticoagulant property and effect on human fibrinogen

An unusual low molecular weight serine protease (NnP28) has been purified from Indian Cobra (Naja naja) venom from the western region of the Indian sub-continent. We reported the purification and characterization of low molecular NnP28, emphasizing its role on human fibrinogen and anticoagulant property. NnP28 was purified using gel filtration column chromatography followed by ion exchange chromatography. Protein gel electrophoresis revealed its molecular weight approximate to 28 kDa. The exact molecular mass of NnP28 was found to be 27.12 kDa by mass spectrometry, hydrolyzing casein specifically, inhibited by PMSF suggesting it has a serine protease. NnP28 prolonged the clotting time of re-calcified human citrated plasma and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) exhibiting anticoagulant property. NnP28 exhibited fibrinogenolytic activity. Thus, the present study demonstrates the presence of unusual low molecular weight serine protease, emphasizing its importance of region-specific Indian cobra species

Effect of EBG on Radiation Energy of Monopole antenna at different places

ABSTRACT: The EBG structures were used for surprising the surface wave propagations in the antenna as we know the EBG'S used to enhance parameters of monopole antenna in the earlier research. In this paper we analyse the effect when the distance between the EBG and antenna are altered in this first the EBG placed at the end of the ground and second the EBG placed out the ground and them the EBG placed inside the ground all this are analysed and the changes in parameter were illustrated in this paper. This paper mainly concentrated a radiation distribution of antenna. So that we can understand the effect of EBG placement on the antenna

Revalorization of biodegradable polymers to valuable bacterial nanocellulose

Large amounts of polymers are discarded worldwide each year, leading to a significant polymer waste in natural environment. The upcycling has been found as an efficient way to transform polymer waste into high-value biomaterials meeting the conditions required for circularity by being indefinitely recyclable, without reduction in value or usability. The presented study refers to the upcycling of commercial biopolymers into bacterial nanocellulose. Polymer blends, consisted of biodegradable polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), PLA, poly(butylene succinate), PBS, and poly(ε-caprolactone), PCL. Polymers were hydrolyzed and the obtained hydrolysates were investigated as potential carbon source for K. medellinensis ID13488 growth and nanocellulose production. Degradation products were analyzed using HPLC analysis. Different growth media, including tap water, HS medium, absence / presence of glucose, were tested and bacterial nanocellulose growth was confirmed under the most of the tested conditions. Once the BNC growth was set up, the BNC production was scaled up and the obtained material was investigated in terms of structure confirmation (FTIR analysis), thermal properties (DSC/TG analysis), morphology (optical microscopy, AFM analysis) and crystallinity (XRD analysis). Finally, the full life cycle of mixed biopolymers: from biodegradation to revalorization of end products into bacterial nanocellulose appeared as perfect model approach to plastic circularity.Biotechnology for a circular bioeconomy: 28 -29 march 2023. AFOB-EFB Virtual conferenc