Genetic characterization and protein profiling of green mussel (Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758)) and brown mussel (Perna indica Kuriakose and Nair, 1976)

The marine mussels of India are mainly of two species: Perna viridis [Linnaeus, 1758) (green mussel) and Perna indica Kuriakose and Nair (1976) [brown mussel). In addition to this, along the south west coast (Kollam coast f Kerala), a third type of mussel called parrot mussel has also been reported. The present study was undertaken for genetic characterisation and dentification of distinct stocks if any, within green as well as brown mussels, From both east and west coast, using shell morphometrics and molecular markers. Stock identification using shell morphometrics were attempted with Principal Component Analysis and Canonical Discriminant function Analysis, whereas, molecular methods used were protein electrophoresis (Native - Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAPolymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR). The shell morphometrics as well as Native PAGE and RAPD-PCR profiles gave concordant results indicating high intraa species homogeneity and low level of genetic differentiation among populations of both green and brown mussels. Genetic characterisation using RAPD markers could bring out the genetic variability within both the populations. Elucidation of the genetic identity of parrot mussel as to whether it is a true hybrid of green and brown mussel, or only a colour variant of any of them was also done using RAPD, shell morphometrics, protein electrophoresis (native PAGE, SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate) PAGE and allozymes) and mitochondria1 (mt) DNA gene (Cytochrome oxidase 1) analysis. The study concluded that the parrot mussel is not a hybrid of the two, but only a colour variant of the brown mussel. An initial attempt to resolve the taxonomic ambiguity of P.indica that it is only a synonym of globally distributed Perna perna, as suggested by some of the previous workers has also been made in this study using COI regions of mt DNA. As P. indica revealed only 5% divergence from P, perna, it was concluded that P. indica need not be relegated as a synonym of P.pern

Evolutionary traces decode molecular mechanism behind fast pace of myosin XI

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cytoplasmic class XI myosins are the fastest processive motors known. This class functions in high-velocity cytoplasmic streaming in various plant cells from algae to angiosperms. The velocities at which they process are ten times faster than its closest class V homologues.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To provide sequence determinants and structural rationale for the molecular mechanism of this fast pace myosin, we have compared the sequences from myosin class V and XI through Evolutionary Trace (ET) analysis. The current study identifies class-specific residues of myosin XI spread over the actin binding site, ATP binding site and light chain binding neck region. Sequences for ET analysis were accumulated from six plant genomes, using literature based text search and sequence searches, followed by triple validation <it>viz</it>. CDD search, string-based searches and phylogenetic clustering. We have identified nine myosin XI genes in sorghum and seven in grape by sequence searches. Both the plants possess one gene product each belonging to myosin type VIII as well. During this process, we have re-defined the gene boundaries for three sorghum myosin XI genes using fgenesh program.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Molecular modelling and subsequent analysis of putative interactions involving these class-specific residues suggest a structural basis for the molecular mechanism behind high velocity of plant myosin XI. We propose a model of a more flexible switch I region that contributes to faster ADP release leading to high velocity movement of the algal myosin XI.</p

QUALITY INTERVAL ACCEPTANCE SINGLE SAMPLING PLAN WITH FUZZY PARAMETER USING POISSON DISTRIBUTION

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to present the Quality Interval acceptance single sampling plan when the fraction of nonconforming items is a fuzzy number and being modeled based on the fuzzy Poisson distribution. A new procedure for implementing Fuzzy logic in Quality Interval acceptance sampling plan has also been carried out

PCR based genetic analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the aquaculture systems.

Molecular genetic characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from aquaculture systems was carried out to evaluate the genetic heterogeneity and phylogenetic relationship among them, using PCR based RAPD technique. This technique was found to have many advantages like being simple, easy, rapid and highly discriminatory between isolates within the species. PCR amplification of the DNA from the bacterial isolates using five random primers produced 46 amplicons, which were distinct, as scorable bands on agarose gel electrophoresis. Polymorphism of RAPD profile was evident with a unique pattern for each isolate. The level of polymorphism among the amplified fragment was 95% indicating genomic heterogeneity among the isolates within the species of A.hydrophila, which were homogenous phenotypically. Choice of the primer was found to be important as the discriminatory ability of RAPD varied with the primer used for amplification. Two of the amplicons shared by all the isolates were identified which could serve as species specific markers. Cellular protein profile of the isolates generated through SDS-PAGE did not reveal any polymorphism as all the isolates presented uniform pattern indicating its usefulness as a tool for species level identification. Coefficients of genetic identities between the isolates were generally high compared to the genetic distances. Phylogenetic tree depicting the relative genetic relationship among the isolates was also made. RAPD analysis was found to be a desirable tool for molecular genetic characterization and for evaluation of genetic heterogeneity in A.hydrophila, which remain hidden by other techniques like morphological and biochemical characterization and cellular protein profile

Significance of 18S rDNA specific primers in the identification of genus Dunaliella

The cells survive in extreme marine environments has received significant interest due to their high valuable compounds. In the present attempt, a total of six different isolates of Dunaliella isolated from the salt pans of Andhra Pradesh, India were identified based on their morphology and cultural characteristics. Besides, the isolates were subjected to molecular identification using 18S rDNA specific primers. Out of the six isolate one was never amplified with the any of species specific primers used hence it was partially sequenced and submitted in GenBank. This study obviously describes the incidence of non carotenogenic strains (never turn from green to red) of Dunaliella bardawil and Dunaliella parva in natural environment

Study on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggregates by Vermiculite

Concrete is the single most widely used construction material in the world. Concrete is used in such large amounts because it is simply, a remarkably good building material. Aggregates generally occupy 60 to 80 percent of the volume of concrete and greatly influence its properties, mix proportions and economy. Use of vermiculite in concrete, enhances the shrinkage and crack resistance, fire resistance and reduces environmental impact and also reduces the cost. Important characteristics of a good quality aggregate include resistance to abrasion, resistance to freeze/thaw action, resistance to sulfates, correct shape and surface texture, proper gradation, density, and compressive and flexural strength. The main purpose of the research is to study the strength parameters such as compressive strength, split tensile amp flexural strength of concrete using vermiculite as partial replacement with 40%, 50% and 60% by weight. The main aim of this study is to make economical and eco-friendly concrete. nbs

Mitochondrial DNA (Cytochrome c oxidase I) sequencing of Indian marine mussels

Two species of marine mussels, the green mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) and the brown mussel Perna indica (Kuriakose and Nair, 1976) are found along the Indian coast. It had been suggested that P. indica, which occurs only along the Indian coast, is a synonym of the globally distributed Perna perna. Along the south-west coast of India, where both P. viridis and P. indica co-exist, a third type referred to as parrot mussel, which has shell shape of brown mussel and color of green mussel (suspected to be their hybrid/morphotype) also occurs. The present investigation is a preliminary attempt for resolving the taxonomic ambiguity among Indian marine mussel species using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. P. indica revealed 95% sequence similarity to P. perna. The sequence divergence between P. indica and parrot mussel was negligibly low (< 2%). Green mussel P. viridis showed 20.87% of sequence divergence with brown mussel P. indica as well as with the parrot mussel