Income mobility and deprivation dynamics among the elderly in Belgium and the Netherlands

This paper analyzes the dynamics of income and deprivation among the elderly in Belgium and the Netherlands between 1985 and 1988. It appears that, in 1985, the average level of deprivation in Belgium and the Netherlands was about the same. However, Belgium saw an increase between 1985 and 1988, while deprivation remained at a stable level in the Netherlands. In both countries, the difference in deprivation between the non-elderly and the elderly increased. However, while the elderly in the Netherlands were worse off than the non-elderly in 1988, the opposite situation was found in Belgium. At the level of individuals, the analysis of deprivation dynamics indicated that the majority of the elderly as well as the non-elderly population experienced substantial changes in deprivation status. Overall, living conditions turned out to be more stable in the Netherlands than in Belgium and, among the Dutch, more stable among the elderly than among the non-elderly. The income position of the elderly appeared to be comparable between the two countries. Regarding income mobility, income loss and, consequently, inflow into poverty were more likely among those retiring early than among those not retiring early. However, from an analysis of the relationship between income mobility and deprivation dynamics, it appeared that the living conditions of the elderly were not directly affected by changes in income. One explanation for this result may be ability to draw on savings to avoid deprivation, at least for some time.incomes;incomes policy;early retirement

Income mobility and deprivation dynamics among the elderly in Belgium and the Netherlands

This paper analyzes the dynamics of income and deprivation among the elderly in Belgium and the Netherlands between 1985 and 1988. It appears that, in 1985, the average level of deprivation in Belgium and the Netherlands was about the same. However, Belgium saw an increase between 1985 and 1988, while deprivation remained at a stable level in the Netherlands. In both countries, the difference in deprivation between the non-elderly and the elderly increased. However, while the elderly in the Netherlands were worse off than the non-elderly in 1988, the opposite situation was found in Belgium. At the level of individuals, the analysis of deprivation dynamics indicated that the majority of the elderly as well as the non-elderly population experienced substantial changes in deprivation status. Overall, living conditions turned out to be more stable in the Netherlands than in Belgium and, among the Dutch, more stable among the elderly than among the non-elderly. The income position of the elderly appeared to be comparable between the two countries. Regarding income mobility, income loss and, consequently, inflow into poverty were more likely among those retiring early than among those not retiring early. However, from an analysis of the relationship between income mobility and deprivation dynamics, it appeared that the living conditions of the elderly were not directly affected by changes in income. One explanation for this result may be ability to draw on savings to avoid deprivation, at least for some time.

Clinical evaluation of a dedicated next generation sequencing panel for routine glioma diagnostics

Since 2013 next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting genes mutated in diffuse gliomas is part of routine diagnostics in our institute. In the present report, we evaluate the use of this custom tailored NGS platform on 434 samples. The NGS panel assesses mutations in ATRX, CIC, EGFR, FUBP1, NOTCH1, PTEN; H3F3A, IDH1/2, PIK3CA, and BRAF, amplifications in EGFR or MDM2 and copy number alterations (CNA) of chromosome 1p, 7, 10 and 19q. TERT promoter mutations were assessed separately when indicated. Of the 433 samples of individual tumors with NGS data available, 176 cases were diagnosed as grade 2 or 3 glioma (40.6) and in 201 patients a glioblastoma (46.4%). Of the remaining 56 patients, 22 had inconclusive histology. In 378 cases (87.1%) a diagnosis solely based on glioma-targeted NGS could be established and resulted in a different diagnosis in ~ 1/4 of the cases. In 17 out of 22 cases without a conclusive histological diagnosis NGS resulted in a molecular diagnosis.The current study on a large cohort of patients confirms the diagnostic strength of the platform we developed, with a clear separation of glioma subgroups with different outcomes. It demonstrates the diagnostic value and the efficiency of glioma-targeted NGS for routine glioma diagnostics allowing with a single assay a glioma diagnosis in the large majority of cases. It allows in one run the molecular assessments required for the WHO classification of diffuse gliomas, including the recent recommendations to assess copy number alterations of chromosome 7 and 10, and of the TERT promoter region in IDHwt lower grade glioma

Survival of diffuse astrocytic glioma, IDH1/2 wildtype, with molecular features of glioblastoma, WHO grade IV: a confirmation of the cIMPACT-NOW criteria

BACKGROUND: The Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT-NOW) has recommended that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 wildtype (IDH1/2wt) diffuse lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) World Health Organization (WHO) grade II or III that present with (i) a telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation (pTERTmt), and/or (ii) gain of chromosome 7 combined with loss of chromosome 10, and/or (iii) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification should be reclassified as diffuse astrocytic glioma, IDH1/2 wildtype, with molecular features of glioblastoma, WHO grade IV (IDH1/2wt astrocytomas WHO IV). This paper describes the overall survival (OS) of IDH1/2wt astrocytoma WHO IV patients, and more in detail patients with tumors with pTERTmt only. METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter study, we compared the OS of 71 IDH1/2wt astrocytomas WHO IV patients, with radiological characteristics of LGGs, with the OS of 197 IDH1/2wt glioblastoma patients. Moreover, we compared the OS of 22 pTERTmt only astrocytoma patients with the OS of the IDH1/2wt glioblastoma patients. RESULTS: Median OS was similar for IDH1/2wt astrocytoma WHO IV patients (23.8 mo) and IDH1/2wt glioblastoma patients (19.2 mo) (Cox proportional hazards model: hazard ratio [HR] 1.27, 95% CI: 0.85-1.88, P = 0.242). OS was also similar in patients with IDH1/2wt astrocytomas WHO IV, pTERTmt only, and IDH1/2wt glioblastomas (HR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.64-2.10, P = 0.641). CONCLUSIONS: The presented data confirm the cIMPACT-NOW recommendation and we propose that IDH1/2wt astrocytomas WHO IV in the absence of other qualifying mutations should be classified as IDH1/2wt glioblastomas

Werkend en toch economisch afhankelijk?

Contains fulltext : 140700.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Het uurloon van werkende vrouwen en dat van hun werkende echtgenoot in Australie, Canada, Hongarije, Nederland, Tsjechoslowakije, de Verenigde Staten en West-Duitsland rond 198033 p