Postcoloniality and History

This essay explores the implications of postcolonial writing for our understanding of the practice of history. It outlines the central principles of contemporary postcolonial inquiry, and provides a critique of recent trends in the field. With its pre-occupation with the local and the particular, contemporary postcolonial writing has become detached from the critical frameworks of analysis embodied in the initial phase of postcolonial writing.Quels impacts les écrits postcoloniaux ont-ils eu sur notre compréhension de la pratique de l’histoire ? Arif Dirlik avance ici une réponse en montrant sur quels principes fondamentaux repose la recherche contemporaine postcoloniale et en présentant une étude critique des dernières tendances dans le domaine. Parce qu’ils ont centré leur intérêt sur le régional et le particulier, les écrits contemporains postcoloniaux se sont écartés des cadres d’analyse critique qui avaient marqué les débuts de l’écriture postcoloniale

Application of computers in fatigue analysis

The availability of minicomputers and microprocessors, at a reasonable cost, has provided a significant stimulus in a critical appraisal of fatigue testing and analysis methods. This thesis reviews and extends some of the recent fatigue analysis methods. Two major areas investigated in detail are cycle counting methods and methods for prediction of fatigue life to crack initiation. The three recent counting methods, range-pair, Wetzel's and rainflow, which avoid the distortion and inaccuracy from which the traditional cycle counting methods suffer, are described and compared with each other to find out the similarities and differences between them. It is shown that if a service loading history starts and ends at an extreme peak, then all the three methods give an identical count. All relevant methods for the description of measured service histories are reviewed critically in connection with fatigue life assessment, service history regeneration and simulation. Confidence in the rainflow method for better fatigue life predictions and increased use of analytical methods like Finite Element analysis offering frequency domain information about a component have initiated a search for a link between rainflow counting and the power spectral density of a stationary and ergodic random process. Using a Monte Carlo approach and digital simulation techniques, the thesis presents a link in the shape of a closed-form expression which defines the probability density function of rainflow counted ranges for any given power spectral density. A closed-form expression for the distribution of ordinary ranges is also presented. Methods of predicting fatigue crack initiation life under variable amplitude loading are reviewed. From the basic ingredients of the local-strain approach, various life prediction procedures are assembled methodically with regard to how the local stress and strain are determined for a given load level, how the local stress and strain are linked to the life, and how the mean stress effect is accounted for. Predictions made by these methods are compared with the published test data; however predictions are compared mostly within themselves in order to highlight the differences between methods. It is shown that under certain circumstances, some methods give very erroneous results. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to examine how sensitive various methods are to changes in the material properties. A new procedure of determining the material properties from the experimental data is proposed

: Zwischen Welten Denken: Diskussionsrehe - Arif Dirlik in Gespräch mit Gregory Lee

Gregory Lee "Initial Remarks", in part amended by hand 5 June 2001. Amendments added to the original document 28 August 2019.International audienceSee PDF document in German at https://gregorybarrylee.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/4/7/11477410/berlin_lee_dirlik.pd

Fracture, Fatigue, and Structural Integrity of Metallic Materials and Components Undergoing Random or Variable Amplitude Loadings

When quickly reviewing engineering and industrial fields, one often discovers that a large number of metallic components and structures are subjected, in service, to random or variable amplitude loadings. The examples are many: vehicles subjected to loadings and vibrations caused by road irregularity and engine, structures exposed to wind, off-shore platforms undergoing wave-loadings, and so on. Just like constant amplitude loadings, random and variable amplitude loadings can make fatigue cracks initiate and propagate, even up to catastrophic failures. Engineers faced with the problem of estimating the structural integrity and the fatigue strength of metallic structures, or their propensity to fracture, usually make use of theoretical or experimental approaches, or both. Counting methods (e.g., rainflow) provide information on the fatigue cycles in the load, whereas damage accumulation laws (as the celebrated Palmgren–Miner linear rule) establish how to sum up the damage of each counted cycle. In structural integrity, this is named as the “time-domain” approach. Over recent years, the “frequency-domain” approach has also received increasing and widespread use, especially with random loadings; this approach estimates fatigue life based on load statistical properties represented, in the frequency domain, by a power spectral density. Neither of the previous approaches, however, can do without the support of experimental laboratory testing, which provides a means to collect material strength data under specific loading conditions, or to verify preliminary estimations. The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect articles aimed at providing an up-todate overview of approaches and case studies—theoretical, numerical or experimental—on several topics in the field of fracture, fatigue strength, and the structural integrity of metallic components subjected to random or variable amplitude loadings

Türk İş Sisteminin Evrimi: Makro Kurumsal Bir İnceleme

Bu çalışmanın amacı son yıllarda popülerliği artan makro kurumsal kuram çalışmalarının sunduğu kavramsal çerçeve ile, spesifik olarak ulusal iş sistemleri yaklaşımından hareketle Türk iş sisteminin yapısal özelliklerini tanımlamaktır. Çalışmada Türk iş sistemi dönemsel olarak anlatılmıştır. Çalışma esasen devlete bağımlı iş sistemi özellikleri taşıdığı bilinen Türkiye’de, devletin piyasa üzerindeki etkisinin ve piyasadaki kurumsal aktörlerin tepkilerinin tarihsel olarak nasıl farklılaştığını anlatmaktadır. This study aims to describe structural characteristics of the Turkish business system under a conceptual framework presented by the macro-institutional theory, which has gained increasing popularity in recent years. The study is specifically based on the national business systems approach. In the study, the Turkish business system was explained cyclically. The study explains how the effect of the state on the market, and the reactions of the institutional actors in the market in Turkey, which is known to carry state-dependent business system characteristics vary historically

Colonialism, Revolution, Development : A Historical Perspective on Citizenship in Political Struggles in Eastern Asia

Intensified blending of populations through migrations, and the problem of citizenship in different national contexts, in recent years have foregrounded questions of culture and cultural difference in citizenship studies. These questions have been compounded by a pervasive supicion of a universalistic understanding of citizenship for its possible Eurocentric implications. Citizenship studies in Eastern Asia partake of this general problematic of culture. The complication of citizenship through recognition of its cultural dimension is a salutary development, but one that also presents a new predicament: loss of coherence of the concept, as well as a bias to culturalism that disguises the radical challenge the idea of citizenship has presented to inherited notions of political belonging, most importantly, the remaking of subjects into citizens that has accompanied the globalization of the nation-form from the late 19th century. Struggles for citizenship also bear upon questions of democracy and human rights, which also disappear from sight in culturalist readings. This is the problem that is addressed in the essay. I argue that the preoccupation with culture, if unchecked, threatens to erase a century long history of struggles for citizenship, democracy and human rights in Eastern Asian societies. Discussions of citizenship need to be sensitive to these struggles which are still very much issues of Eastern Asian politics

The Mouse That Roared: The Democratic Movement in Hong Kong

The popular uprising in recent years in Hong Kong – “Occupy Central” a.k.a. Umbrella Movement – has again brought to the fore the question of the Special Administrative Region’s relationship with Mainland China post-1997 “handover” of the territory by the British colonial government to the People’s Republic of China. This article argues that the protests have their origins in a consciousness born of the anxieties provoked by the prospect of unification in the 1980s and 1990s, further evolved against the background of the unstable “one country, two systems” arrangement openly favoring the corporate and financial ruling class in Hong Kong which is in turn prepared to align its interests with those of the Communist regime in a mutually beneficial relationship. It also posits while the upheaval in Hong Kong bears similarities to other “Occupy” movements elsewhere in the economic issues that inform it, it may be viewed as the latest chapter in a narrative that goes back to the 1980s – the emergence of a neoliberal global capitalism of which the PRC has been an integral component, and the Tiananmen movement which was one of the earliest expressions of the social and political strains created by shifts in the global economy