Aktuelle Themen und Methoden der Philosophiegeschichtsschreibung (mit Schwerpunkt russische Philosophie des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts)

0. Philosophiegeschichtsschreibung als Konstruktion 1. Neu- und Wiederaneignungen 2. Fokus Religionsphilosophie 3. Bedingungen philosophischen Schreibens zur Sowjetzeit 4. Kulturgeschichte 5. Argumentationslogische und poststrukturalistische Lesarten 6. Kontinuitäten 7. Institutionen 8. Ost-, ostmittel-, südosteuropäische Gemeinsamkeiten? 9. Neuere Referenzwerke zu weiteren Philosophiegeschichten 10. Bibliographi

A Relativistic Quark Model for Mesons with an Instanton-Induced Interaction

We present new results of a relativistic quark model based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation in its instantaneous approximation. Assuming a linearly rising confinement potential with an appropriate spinorial structure in Dirac space and adopting a residual interaction based on instanton effects, we can compute masses of the light mesons up to highest observed angular momenta with a natural solution of the $U_A(1)$ problem. The calculated ground states masses and the radial excitations describe the experimental results well. In this paper, we will also discuss our results concerning numerous meson decay properties. For processes like $\pi^+/K^+\to e^+\nu_e\gamma$ and $0^-\to\gamma\gamma$ at various photon virtualities, we find a good agreement with experimental data. We will also comment on the form factors of the $K_{\ell 3}$ decay and on the decay constants of the $\pi$, $K$ and $\eta$ mesons. For the sake of completeness, we will furthermore present the electromagnetic form factors of the charged $\pi$ and $K$ mesons as well as a comparison of the radiative meson decay widths with the most recent experimental data.Comment: 30 pages including 10 tables and 16 figures; submitted to Eur. Phys. J. A; misprints correcte

Weak Decays Of Heavy Mesons In A Covariant Quark Model

In this paper we investigate weak decays of heavy mesons in the framework of a covariant quark model, which is based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation in instantaneous approximation. Apart from a phenomenological confinement potential, a residual interaction induced by instantons is adopted. Masses and many decay observables of light mesons have already been described successfully in this model. An appropiate extension allows a unified description of light and heavy systems. Using a set of parameters which are fixed by the mass spectra, we evaluate the form factors of semileptonic decays of charmed and bottom mesons. In the heavy quark limit these can be reduced to the Isgur-Wise function, which is calculated. Finally the form factors are used to determine the non-leptonic decay rates of B mesons in the factorization approximation.Comment: 20 pages including 13 tables and 6 figures; Corrected typo

The Meson Spectrum in a Covariant Quark Model

Within the framework of the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter equation, we present a detailed analysis of light meson spectra with respect to various parameterizations of confinement in Dirac space. Assuming a linearly rising quark-antiquark potential, we investigate two different spinorial forms (Dirac structures), namely {1/2}(\Id\otimes\Id - \gamma^0\otimes\gamma^0) as well as the $U_A(1)$-invariant combination {1/2}(\Id\otimes\Id - \gamma^5\otimes\gamma^5 - \gamma^\mu\otimes\gamma_\mu), both providing a good description of the ground state Regge trajectories up to highest observed angular momenta. Whereas the first structure is slightly prefered concerning numerous meson decay properties (see \cite{pap41}), we find the $U_A(1)$-invariant force to be much more appropriate for the description of a multitude of higher mass resonances discovered in the data of the {\sc Crystal Barrel} collaboration during the last few years. Furthermore, this confinement structure has the remarkable feature to yield a linear dependence of masses on their radial excitation number. For many experimental resonances such a trajectory-like behaviour was observed by Anisovich {\it et al.} We can confirm that almost the same slope occurs for all trajectories. Adding the $U_A(1)$-breaking instanton induced 't Hooft interaction we can compute the pseudoscalar mass splittings with both Dirac structures and for the scalar mesons a natural mechanism of flavour mixing is achieved. [...]Comment: 32 pages including 19 figures and 3 tables; submitted to Eur. Phys.

Prediction of coronary artery disease by a systemic atherosclerosis score index derived from whole-body MR angiography

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Whole-body magnetic resonance angiography (WB-MRA) has shown its potential for the non-invasive assessment of nearly the entire arterial vasculature within one examination. Since the presence of extra-cardiac atherosclerosis is associated with an increased risk of coronary events, our goal was to establish the relationship between WB-MRA findings, including a systemic atherosclerosis score index, and the presence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>WB-MRA was performed on a 1.5T scanner in 50 patients scheduled to undergo elective cardiac catheterization for suspected CAD. In each patient, 40 extra-cardiac vessel segments were evaluated and assigned scores according to their luminal narrowing. The atherosclerosis score index (ASI) was generated as the ratio of summed scores to analyzable segments.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ASI was higher in patients with significant (> 50% stenosis) CAD (n = 27) vs. patients without CAD (n = 22; 1.56 vs. 1.28, p = 0.004). ASI correlated with PROCAM (R = 0.57, p < 0.001) and Framingham (R = 0.36, p = 0.01) risk scores as estimates of the 10-year risk of coronary events. A ROC derived ASI of > 1.54 predicted significant CAD with a sensitivity of 59%, specificity of 86% and a positive predictive value of 84%. Logistic regression revealed ASI > 1.54 as the strongest independent predictor for CAD with a 11-fold increase in likelihood to suffer from significant coronary disease. On the contrary, while 15/27 (55%) of patients with CAD exhibited at least one extra-cardiac stenosis > 50%, only 3/22 (14%) of those patients without CAD did (p = 0.003). The likelihood for an extra-cardiac stenosis when CAD is present differed between vascular territories and ranged from 15% for a carotid stenosis to 44% for a stenosis in the lower extremities.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study provides important new evidence for the close association of extra-cardiac and coronary atherosclerosis. The novel findings that a WB-MRA derived systemic atherosclerosis score index is not only associated with established cardiovascular risk scores but is also predictive of significant CAD suggest its potential prognostic implications and underline the importance to screen for coronary disease in patients with extra-cardiac manifestations of atherosclerosis.</p

Results and adverse events of personalized peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 90Yttrium and 177Lutetium in 1048 patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) of patients with somatostatin receptor expressing neuroendocrine neoplasms has shown promising results in clinical trials and a recently published phase III study.In our center, 2294 patients were screened between 2004 and 2014 by 68Ga somatostatin receptor (SSTR) PET/CT. Intention to treat analysis included 1048 patients, who received at least one cycle of 90Yttrium or 177Lutetium-based PRRT. Progression free survival was determined by 68Ga SSTR-PET/CT and EORTC response criteria. Adverse events were determined by CTCAE criteria.Overall survival (95% confidence interval) of all patients was 51 months (47.0-54.9) and differed significantly according to radionuclide, grading, previous therapies, primary site and functionality. Progression free survival (based on PET/CT) of all patients was 19 months (16.9-21), which was significantly influenced by radionuclide, grading, and origin of neuroendocrine neoplasm. Progression free survival after initial progression and first and second resumption of PRRT after therapy-free intervals of more than 6 months were 11 months (9.4-12.5) and 8 months (6.4-9.5), respectively. Myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia developed in 22 patients (2.1%) and 5 patients required hemodialysis after treatment, other adverse events were rare.PRRT is effective and overall survival is favorable in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms depending on the radionuclide used for therapy, grading and origin of the neuroendocrine neoplasm which is not exactly mirrored in progression free survival as determined by highly sensitive 68Ga somatostatin receptor PET/CT using EORTC criteria for determining response to therapy

Bone Regeneration: A Novel Osteoinductive Function of Spongostan by the Interplay between Its Nano- and Microtopography.

Vordemvenne T, Wähnert D, Koettnitz J, et al. Bone Regeneration: A Novel Osteoinductive Function of Spongostan by the Interplay between Its Nano- and Microtopography. Cells. 2020;9(3): 654.Scaffold materials for bone regeneration are crucial for supporting endogenous healing after accidents, infections, or tumor resection. Although beneficial impacts of microtopological or nanotopological cues in scaffold topography are commonly acknowledged, less consideration is given to the interplay between the microscale and nanoscale. Here, micropores with a 60.66 ± 24.48 m diameter ordered by closely packed collagen fibers are identified in pre-wetted Spongostan, a clinically-approved collagen sponge. On a nanoscale level, a corrugated surface of the collagen sponge is observable, leading to the presence of 32.97 ± 1.41 nm pores. This distinct micro- and nanotopography is shown to be solely sufficient for guiding osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells in vitro. Transplantation of Spongostan into a critical-size calvarial rat bone defect further leads to fast regeneration of the lesion. However, masking the micro- and nanotopographical cues using SiO2 nanoparticles prevents bone regeneration in vivo. Therefore, we demonstrate that the identified micropores allow migration of stem cells, which are further driven towards osteogenic differentiation by scaffold nanotopography. The present findings emphasize the necessity of considering both micro- and nanotopographical cues to guide intramembranous ossification, and might provide an optimal cell- and growth-factor-free scaffold for bone regeneration in clinical settings

Mechanical design of the optical modules intended for IceCube-Gen2

IceCube-Gen2 is an expansion of the IceCube neutrino observatory at the South Pole that aims to increase the sensitivity to high-energy neutrinos by an order of magnitude. To this end, about 10,000 new optical modules will be installed, instrumenting a fiducial volume of about 8 km3. Two newly developed optical module types increase IceCube’s current sensitivity per module by a factor of three by integrating 16 and 18 newly developed four-inch PMTs in specially designed 12.5-inch diameter pressure vessels. Both designs use conical silicone gel pads to optically couple the PMTs to the pressure vessel to increase photon collection efficiency. The outside portion of gel pads are pre-cast onto each PMT prior to integration, while the interiors are filled and cast after the PMT assemblies are installed in the pressure vessel via a pushing mechanism. This paper presents both the mechanical design, as well as the performance of prototype modules at high pressure (70 MPa) and low temperature (−40∘C), characteristic of the environment inside the South Pole ice