Environmental Pursuits In Nanomaterial Systems Science With Indian Exemplars

The behavior and pattern of NPs of minerals in the evolutionary history of the earth vis – a –vis the environmental context are inquired into, with a riverine system as a model. The study of fractal dimensions of NPs of interest serves as an aid to obtain a comprehensive view of natural NPs in the model system. The present study combines inputs from work done on nanoparticles, derived from the Subanarekha River System and products of base metal mine effluents that are rich in NPs of minerals. The authors believe this study would help to establish certain universalities about NPs and provide an updated framework for understanding the current state of nanomineral science

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Molecular architecture using novel types of non-covalent pi-interactions involving aromatic neutrals, aromatic cations and pi-anions

A solid-state complex utilizing non-covalent interactions between two aromatic cations is synthesized and characterized. The X-ray study of the structure shows that the anion templated pi(+)-pi(+) interactions are the major driving force in the crystal packing, while pi(+)-pi, pi-pi, pi-anion and pi(+)-anion interactions assist the overall stabilization of self-assembly. In addition, we also identify the cation-mediated non-covalent interaction between two pi anions (pi(-)-pi(-) interaction). The interaction energies of the important driving forces (pi(+)-pi(+), pi(+)-pi, pi-anion, pi(+)-anion, and pi(-)-pi(-) interactions) observed in the crystal structure are calculated using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D).close221