Detección de Rickettsia spp. en ectoparásitos de animales domésticos y silvestres de la Reserva Natural Privada Cerro Chucantí y comunidades aledañas, Panamá, 2007-2010

Introduction. Ectoparasites are the main vectors of rickettsiosis. In Panama, have limited data on the arthropods that may be considered vectors or reservoirs.Objectives. The aim is to present data on the presence of Rickettsia in ectoparasites of wildlife and domestic animals in the Private Natural Reserve Cerro Chucantí and neighboring villages.Materials and methods. We evaluated 9 humans, 95 domestic mammals and 48 wild. From these, were 21 species of ectoparasites, including fleas, lice, ticks and mites, which were preserved in 95% ethanol. Genetic material was extracted from ticks and fleas to be analyzed by molecular techniques in the detection of Rickettsia.Results. A total of 425 were carried out PCR reactions, of which 270 were positive and 155 negative. The positive, 86 PCR amplified for the gltA gene (55% of positives) of these also amplified 41 (26%) for ompA. DNA of Rickettsia amblyommii was found in horses ticks (Amblyomma cajennense, Dermacentor nitens), dogs ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) and free living nymph in forest. Adicionally, DNA of R. felis was found in dogs fleas Ctenocephalides felis.Conclusions. Detected the presence of R. amblyommii and R. felis in ticks and fleas of domestic animals of the villages near Cerro Chucanti, even if they were unable to find genetic material from Rickettsia in ectoparasites of wildlife.Introducción. Los ectoparásitos son los principales vectores de rickettsiosis. En Panamá se tienen escasos datos sobre los artrópodos que pudieran considerarse vectores o reservorios.Objetivos. Presentar datos sobre la presencia de Rickettsia spp. en ectoparásitos de fauna silvestre y animales domésticos en la Reserva Natural Privada Cerro Chucantí y poblados vecinos.Materiales y métodos. Se revisaron 9 personas, 95 mamíferos domésticos y 48 silvestres. Los animales domésticos se examinaron con anuencia del propietario, mientras que la fauna silvestre se capturó con trampas Sherman y Tomahawk. Se extrajeron 21 especies de ectoparásitos: pulgas, piojos, garrapatas y otros ácaros, los cuales se preservaron en etanol al 95 %. Se extrajo material genético de garrapatas y pulgas para ser analizado por técnicas moleculares en la detección de Rickettsia spp.Resultados. Se practicaron 425 reacciones de PCR, de las cuales, 270 resultaron negativas y 155 positivas. De las positivas, 86 amplificaron para el gen gltA (55 % de las positivas); de estos también amplificaron 41 (26 %) para ompA. Se encontró material genético de Rickettsia amblyommii, en garrapatas de caballos (Amblyomma cajennense, Dermacentor nitens), de perros (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) y ninfas de Amblyomma recolectadas en el bosque. Además, se detectó ADN de R. felis en pulgas Ctenocephalides felis de perros.Conclusiones. Se pudo detectar la presencia de R. amblyommii y R. felis en garrapatas y pulgas de animales domésticos de los poblados cercanos a Cerro Chucantí, aun cuando no se pudo encontrar material genético de Rickettsia en ectoparásitos de la fauna silvestre. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i2.390

Identificación de la dieta preferencial de moscas necrófagas frente a tejido adiposo, músculo estriado y liso de cadáveres humanos

4 p.En este trabajo de investigación se determinó la entomofauna del Orden Diptera, asociada a tres diferentes dietas de tejidos de cadáveres humanos (adiposo, músculo estriado y Liso). El estudio fue realizado en los Predios del Corregimiento de Juan Díaz, San Pedro N°1, por un período de 12 días continuos, del 3 al 14 de enero del 2012. Un total de especímenes fueron colectados del Orden Diptera (Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae). Los datos estadísticos arrojaron diferencias significativas entre las diferentes dietas de tejidos humanos

Identificaci?n de la dieta preferencial de moscas necr?fagas frente a tejido adiposo, m?sculo estriado y liso de cad?veres humanos

4 p.En este trabajo de investigaci?n se determin? la entomofauna del Orden Diptera, asociada a tres diferentes dietas de tejidos de cad?veres humanos (adiposo, m?sculo estriado y Liso). El estudio fue realizado en los Predios del Corregimiento de Juan D?az, San Pedro N?1, por un per?odo de 12 d?as continuos, del 3 al 14 de enero del 2012. Un total de espec?menes fueron colectados del Orden Diptera (Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae). Los datos estad?sticos arrojaron diferencias significativas entre las diferentes dietas de tejidos humanos

Genetic Polymorphism and Forensic Parameters of Nine Short Tandem Repeat Loci in Ngöbé and Emberá Amerindians of Panama

Nine STR loci (CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, F13A01, FESFPS, VWA, D16S539, D7S820, and D13S317) were analyzed in unrelated Ngöbé and Emberá Amerindians of Panama. The chi-square test demonstrated statistically significant differences (P \u3c 0.001) in the allele frequencies for all markers except one (D16S539; P \u3c 0.01). Both populations shared their alleles with the highest frequencies in seven loci. However, there were also noticeable differences at the TPOX locus, which showed its highest frequencies at alleles 11 (0.48) and 6 (0.54) for the Ngöbé and Emberá, respectively. Interestingly, these alleles are present in one population and are absent in the other, suggesting that they could be distinctive for each population. These results demonstrate that, despite the fact that each population belongs to a different linguistic stock [Chibchan (Ngöbé) and Chocoan (Emberá)], both retain strong similarities in their allele-frequency distributions. Three loci (TPOX, VWA, and F13A01) in the Ngöbé and two loci (TH01 and TPOX) in the Emberá departed from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The analysis of the STR markers demonstrates that, despite their low levels of genetic polymorphisms, most of them could be informative for forensic purposes, showing a combined power of discrimination of 0.9999 for both Amerindian populations. However, powers of exclusion in the Ngöbé were very low, particularly at the TH01 (0.04) and FESFPS (0.08) loci. The combined powers of exclusion were 0.9338 and 0.9890 for the Ngöbé and the Emberá, respectively. Furthermore, the combined typical paternity index in the Ngöbé was considerably low (2.58), and in the Emberá it was 40.44, which is also very low. The low genetic polymorphism levels suggest that the use of additional loci supplementing the battery of the nine loci is recommended for paternity and forensic tests in both populations, particularly for the Ngöbé